5'f FIELDIANA: BOTANY A Continuation of the BOTANICAL SERIES of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO, U.S.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. A New Guatemalan Spigelia. By Dorothy N. Gibson ! 2. Three New Nicaraguan Epidendrums. By Alfonso H. Heller .7 3. Syagrus oleracea ( Mart. ) Becc. and Closely Related Taxa. By S. F. Glassman Id 4. Tropical American Plants, X. By Louis O. Williams 35 5. Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias. By Dorothy N. Gibson 65 6. A New Member of Morganella. By Patricio Ponce de Leon 69 7. A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 73 8. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II. By S. F. Glassman 77 9. Revision of the Genus Vascellum ( Lycoperdaceae ). By Patricio Ponce de Leon 1Q9 10. A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. By S. F. Glassman 127 11. Studies in American Plants, II. By Dorothy N. Gibson ... 173 12. Tropical American Plants, XI. By Louis O. Williams .179 13. The Juglandaceae of Guatemala. By Louis O. Williams and Antonio MolinaR 207 14. An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae. By Louis O. Williams 211 15. A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 215 16. A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . , . . 24 1 REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM (LYCOPERDAGEAE) PATRICIO PONCE DE LEON A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS BUTIA BECG. S. F. GLASSMAN STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II DOROTHY N. GIBSON TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12 Published^by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MAY 22, 1970 Ihe libwy of the tol ftUMMi HAU J^ftY REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM (LYCOPERDACEAE) PATRICK) PONCE DE LEON Assistant Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium Field Museum of Natural History A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS BUTIA BECC. S. F. GLASSMAN Research Associate in Palms, Field Museum of Natural History Professor of Biological Science, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II DOROTHY N. GIBSON Supervisor, Herbaria Field Museum of Natural History TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS Chief Curator, Botany Field Museum of Natural History FIELDIANA: BOTANY VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12 Published by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MAY 22, 1970 CONTENTS PAGE Revision of the Genus Vascellum (Lycoperdaceae) by Patricio Ponce de Leon . 109 A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. by S. F. Glassman 127 Studies in American Plants, II by Dorothy N. Gibson 173 Tropical American Plants, XI by Louis 0. Williams . . 179 FIELDIANA . BOTANY Volume 32, No. 11 May 22, 1970 -Publication 1094 Studies In American Plants, II DOROTHY N. GIBSON SUPERVISOR, HERBARIA FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY During continuing studies of several allied families of plants for the "Flora of Guatemala," our concept of the relationship of some of these plants has changed and become quite different from that of the botanists who proposed them. One of the more interesting discov- eries which we have made is that five species described as Cleroden- drum, a genus of the Verbenaceae, do not belong in that family. Clerodendrum standleyi Moldenke (Known Geogr. Distr. Verben. 76. 1942), the type of which is Standley 73793, collected in 1940 in the Department of Zacapa, Guatemala, is one of these plants. It has an inflated, cupular calyx and superficially resembles some spe- cies of Clerodendrum. Dr. Moldenke's description of the plant could have been made without dissection of the flower. A dissection would have shown that there are only two stamens in each flower and that there are staminodes appearing as appendages near the base of the filaments. The bilocular ovary would have been quite obvious upon dissection. The numerous cystoliths in the upper leaf surfaces, in addition to the characters mentioned previously, should have called attention to the fact that the plant was not verbenaceous. In working through the Acanthaceae, I have found a second spe- cies of this plant which was described as Jacdbinia, and which is obviously closely related to Standley 73793. Lindau in 1904 (Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 328) described a new genus, Trybliocalyx, with an inflated cupular calyx, based on a Guate- malan plant, Seler 3276, collected in 1896, and ascribed to it a single species, T. pyramidatus (I.e. 401). He assigned his new genus to his Graptophyllineae, based on pollen characters. Dr. W. T. Stearn, of the British Museum, who is presently studying West Indian Acan- thaceae, was kind enough to make electron microscope photographs of pollen samples of both Standley 73793 and Purpus 604.9 (the type of Jacobinia albicaulis Brandegee). They show (Figs. 1, 2) that the Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 68-26374. 173 174 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32 FIG. 1. Electron microscope photograph of pollen of Clerodendrum standleyi Moldenke, X 2400. pollen of these plants is 3-porous and characteristic of that of Acan- thaceae-Odontoneminae in Lindau's classification (Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenf. IV. 36: 334. 1895), but no genus in that group has an in- flated, cupular calyx. However, as Bremekamp has pointed out (Rec. Trav. bot. Ne"erl. 35: 134 and 137. 1935 and 37: 295. 1940), the pollen grains of some species of Odontonema itself show the structures typical of Lindau's Graptophylleae. Bremekamp therefore included the Graptophylleae in his Odontonemeae. The type material of T. pyramidatus Lindau, which was deposited in Berlin, was lost and no duplicate specimens have become available for examination. However, as Trybliocalyx is easily distinguished from all other genera of the Acanthaceae known to me by its inflated, cupular calyx, I believe that C. standleyi Moldenke is a synonym of T. pyramidata, and that Purpus 604.9 is sufficiently distinct to warrant specific recognition. The appropriate combination is made below. GIBSON: STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II 175 FIG. 2. Electron microscope photograph of pollen of Jacobinia albicaulis Brandegee, X 2000. The four remaining species which were described in Clerodendrum belong in other families; three are transferred to a newly described genus in the Scrophulariaceae which appears in this issue of Fieldi- ana: Botany. The fourth one is based on inadequate material and the family to which it belongs is not recognized. ACANTHACEAE Trybliocalyx pyramidatus Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 401. 1904. Clerodendrum standleyi Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distr. Verben. 76. 1942. Guatemala: Huehuetenango, near Nenton, in thickets, Seler 3276 (type); Zacapa, alt. 500-660 m., Standley 73793 (type of Cleroden- drum standleyi, NY; F; US). Shrubs, the branches bifariously pubescent; leaves lance-ovate to lance-oblong, 6-15 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed to the base, pubescent or glabrate, usually pubescent on costa and veins beneath, cystoliths abundant 176 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32 on upper surface, lateral veins 9-12 pairs; inflorescences cymose, becoming pa- niculate, terminal, often longer than the leaves, usually leafy at the base, bracts 2-5 mm. long, linear-acuminate or subulate, pubescent, peduncles and pedicels pubescent, the pedicels 5-15 mm. long; calyx cupular, inflated, more or less pubes- cent, more densely so near the base of the tube, the tube 4-6 mm. long, 6-9 mm. broad, the 5 lobes 4-6 mm. long, unequal, triangular, acute; corolla lilac to bluish- purple, glabrous, the tube 10-14 mm. long, the limb bilabiate, the lobes unequal, 5-9 mm. long, rounded; stamens included, rising to a point well below the throat, filaments inserted at about the middle of the corolla tube, anthers 2-3 mm. long, both sacs muticous at the base; posterior staminodes about 0.5 mm. long, appear- ing as appendages at the base of the filaments; style at maturity 10-11 mm. long, pubescent; fruits unknown. Trybliocalyx albicaulis (Brandegee) D. Gibson, comb. nov. Ja- cobinia albicaulis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 4: 386. 1913. Mexico: Vera Cruz, Purpus 6049 (type, UC; F). Trybliocalyx albicaulis differs from T. pyramidatus Lindau in its glabrous peduncles and pedicels, essentially glabrous calyces with acuminate lobes, smaller flowers (calyx 6-9.5 mm. long, corolla 12- 18 mm. long), and stamens that reach a point above the throat of the corolla. VERBENACEAE Aegiphila martinicensis f. falcata (Donn.-Sm.) D. Gibson, comb. nov. A. falcata Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 18: 7. 1893. Southern Mexico to Panama, 150-800 meters. Differs from A. martinicensis in its larger leaves, 14-30 cm. long, 6-14 cm. broad, which are usually more abruptly acuminate, and in its often more conspicuously thickened and flattened nodes of the branchlets, at least in the inflorescence. Although specimens deter- mined to be A. falcata, with very large leaves, can easily be separated, close examination reveals no differences in inflorescence, calyx, or corolla. There are intermediate specimens from Mexico and from southern Central America (variously determined by Moldenke) with some leaves as large as these, with some much smaller, and with branchlets not broadly thickened at the nodes. It therefore appears that certain robust plants represent only a large-leaved form and do not deserve specific or varietal rank. Citharexylum guatemalense (Moldenke) D. Gibson, comb. nov. C. hirtellum var. guatemalense Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 113. 1968. GIBSON: STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II 177 Although known only from two collections, Steyermark 4.1818, the type (NY), and Steyermark 4.1816 (F), both from Izabal, Guatemala, this plant differs in so many respects from C. hirtellum that elevation to specific rank is justified. The calyx and corolla resemble in size those of the long-styled form of C. hirtellum', however, the style of C. guatemalense is only 2-3 mm. long instead of 4-5 mm.; the calyx differs in its conspicuous 5 lobes; the leaves of C. guatemalanese are consistently larger, 10-20 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, and they are pilose along the costa and veins, with hairs to 1 mm. long. In the latter case, as well as in the conspicuously 5-lobate calyx, C. guatemalense appears more like C. cooperi Standley, but it lacks the branching, paniculate inflorescences of C. cooperi. Publications 1092, 1093, 1094 and 1095 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA