Marine Biological Laboratory Library

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Gift of Bostwick H. Ketchum - 1976

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION

FOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION

FROM ITS FOUNDING IN 1848 TO 1940

ITS PRESENT ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION

<X

A
A

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

FOR THE PERIOD FROM
JANUARY, 1934, TO JANUARY, 1940

AND

A DIRECTORY OF MEMBERS

AS OF JULY 1, 1940

MARINE

BIOLOGICAL

LABORATORY

LIB

WOODS HOLE, MASS.
W. H. 0. I.

Published by the

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT

OF SCIENCE

Smithsonian Institution Building

Washington, D. C.

1940

PUBLISHED BY THE

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

FROM THE

OFFFICE OF THE PERMANENT SECRETARY

IN THE

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING

WASHINGTON, D. C.

1940

[5000 copies printed]

THE WILLIAM BYRD PRESS, INC.
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, U. S. A.

8000
6000-

\4OO0-

2000-
1850

/860

1870

1880

1890

1900

/9/0

MEMBERSHIP FOR PERIOD I850-I9IO

1920

MEMBERSHIP FOR PERIOD 1910-1940

Horizontal and vertical scales are so chosen that equal slopes in the upper and lower
graphs correspond to the same rate of change in membership.

No meetings were held in 1860-1865; Science became the official journal of the Asso-
ciation in 1900; records of membership are not available during the period of the World
War; the effects of the depression on membership began in 1931.

ill

vi Preface

ceedings of the Association for the period from 1934 to 1940, the reports of
its meetings for these years contain much more information than do those
for earlier years. The titles listed include not only those of the addresses of
presidents and vice presidents but also all those that were open to the public
as general sessions, with references to the places of their publication. The
titles of more than two hundred and fifty addresses and papers are given.
This volume also contains the titles of all the symposia presented at the
twenty-one meetings of the Association and its divisions from 1934 to 1940,
a total of more than two hundred at which nearly fourteen hundred papers
were read.

In short, this volume contains sketches of the science of our predecessors
and much of that which is recent. Those whose memories reach back a few
decades will feel as they read of the youth of the Association a certain
nostalgia for simpler days and attitudes that have passed. It is hoped that
they will catch enough echoes from the historical part of this record to
awaken in them many happy memories and only pleasant anticipations for
the future. Those who are in the early parts of their scientific careers will be
most interested in current progress in science. They may even be a little
amused at what now seem naive ideas that were held in earlier days. Yet it
is hoped that for them the historical sections of this book will sometimes
serve as a little mirror, like that in the front of a motor car, in which they
may catch enough glimpses of the road science has traversed to assist them
in steering it wisely into the future.

Forest Ray Moulton,
Permanent Secretary

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface v

Brief History of the Association i

The Period to 1850 1

The Period from 1851 to i860 8

The Period from 1861 to 1870 13

The Period from 1871 to 1880 20

The Period from 1881 to 1890 28

The Period from 1891 to 1900 33

The Period from 1901 to 1910 38

The Period from 191 1 to 1920 44

The Period from 1921 to 1940 46

Statistical Data — Annual Meetings 50

Statistical Data — The Pacific Division 50

Statistical Data — The Southwestern Division 51

Annual Sigma Xi Lectures 52

Annual Phi Beta Kappa Lectures 52

Annual Maiben Lectures 53

The John Wesley Powell Lectures 53

Meetings, 1848-1940 54

Meetings of the Association 54

Meetings of the Pacific Division , 55

Meetings of the Southwestern Division 55

General Officers, 1848-1940 56

Roll of the Presidents 56

Permanent Secretaries 57

General Secretaries 57

Assistant Secretaries 57

Treasurers 57

Articles of Incorporation 60

Constitution of the Association 61

By-Laws and Rules of Procedure 63

Officially Associated Societies 66

Organization and Operation of the Association 71

History of the Constitution 7 1

Classes of Members 7-'

Annual Dues of Members 74

The Council 74

Election of the President 75

The Executive Committee 75

The Sections 76

Divisions of the Association 76

Local Branches ~ 77

Affiliated and Associated Societies 78

vii

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION

I. THE PERIOD TO 1850 1

Although the American Association for the Advancement of Science was
formally organized in 1848, and held its first meeting in Philadelphia on
September 20 of that year, it had innumerable earlier beginnings in so-
cieties that were local or of limited ranges of interests, and in the hearts of
many men engaged in the adventure of developing a civilization in this new
continent. These societies and aspirations had antecedents, sometimes in
America and sometimes across the sea in Europe. And they, in turn, had
antecedents in more distant times and in more varied places. The waters of
every stream come from innumerable sources.

European Antecedents to 1700

With the Crusades (1096-1 271) horizons expanded to include much of
Europe; with the voyages of Columbus (1492) and Magellan (1518-1521),
they began to encompass the earth ; with the publication of Copernicus'
Revolutions (1543) and Galileo's Dialogues (1632), they reached out into
the celestial spaces; and with Newton's Principia (1687), the universe be-
came orderly. Science was definitely on the march. In its ranks were
Tycho Brahe (1546-1604), Napier (1550-1617), Francis Bacon (1560-
1626), Kepler (1571-1630), Harvey (1578-1657), Descartes (1596-1650),
von Guericke (1602-1686), Boyle (1627-1691), Huyghens (1629-1695),
Hooke (1635-1703), Leibnitz (1646-1716) and many other men of lesser
rank. The various origins of these names prove the breadth of the develop-
ment of science in Europe.

But science did not inarch alone: the human mind moves in many col-
umns. Students of law assembled in Bologna (1100), three schools were
founded in Paris (1100), a medical faculty was organized in Bologna
(1156), Roman law began to be taught in Montpellier (1160), students set-
tled in Oxford (1167), paper was made in Spain (1189), University of
Paris was granted a charter (1200), Peterhouse College, Cambridge, was
founded (1284), spectacles were invented (1289), University of Vienna

1 For an excellent history of the background, origin and first days of the Association, see "The
Background and Origin of the American Association for the Advancement of Science" by Austin H.
Clark, assisted by Leila Forbes Clark, Summarized Proceedings of the Association for the period
June, 1929, to January, 1934, published by the Association in 1934, pp. 15-30. For an even more
complete account of the origin and history of the Association, see "The History of the American As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science'' by Herman L. Fairchild, Science 59: 365-369, 385-390,
410-415. 1924.

4 The Period to 1850

commerce, trades, manufactures, and a natural history of the country . . ."
Under this constitution of Massachusetts the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences was incorporated in the same year ( 1780) .

Thomas Jefferson, known primarily as the author of the Declaration of
Independence and secondarily as a president of the United States, founded
the University of Virginia and was an amateur scientist and a promoter of
science. When he went to Philadelphia in 1797 to be inaugurated as Vice
President of the United States he took with him a collection of fossil bones
of a large mammal and the manuscript of a memoir on them to be read be-
fore the American Philosophical Society, of which he had been elected
president the preceding year. He was also president of the American Phi-
losophical Society during his term of office as President of the United States
(1801-1809). He once wrote, "Nature intended me for the tranquil pursuit
of sciences by rendering them my supreme delight." The plans of the build-
ings for the University of Virginia and the scientific equipment Jefferson
designed and installed in lovely Monticello, his home looking down upon
Charlottesville, attest the sincerity of these sentiments.

Attempts at Founding National Scientific Societies

In 1816 an ambitious organization was launched under the name of the
Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences for many and
diverse purposes, including the introduction and distribution of plants, in-
vestigations of plant, mineral and other resources, promotion of agriculture
and foreign trade, the production of a topographical and statistical survey
of the different natural divisions of the country, the founding of a national
museum and library, etc. Among its officers and members were such men
as John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay and
Edward Everett. Meetings were held twice a year for several years, but
with the passing of its original moving spirits the society became moribund
after 1825 and eventually passed into the National Institution for the Pro-
motion of Science, which was organized and incorporated by an Act of
Congress in 1840. This latter society held monthly meetings and issued a
volume of Proceedings in three bulletins between 1840 and 1845.

In April, 1844, the National Institution for the Promotion of Science
held in Washington a great congress of scientists to which were invited the
members of the American Philosophical Society and of all other learned
societies, and eminent citizens throughout the United States. The opening
address was by John Tyler, President of the United States. The principal
address was by Senator Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi. Ex-President
|ohn Quincy Adams, then Member of Congress from Massachusetts, Sen-
ator Woodbury of New Hampshire, the Hon. J. R. Ingersoll, of Pennsyl-
vania, and the Hon. John C. Spencer, Secretary of War, served as chairmen

The Period to 1850 5

from session to session throughout the meeting, at which 43 papers were
presented.

In spite of this auspicious beginning, the National Institution never held
another general meeting and it passed out of existence technically, as well
as actually, with the expiration of its charter in 1861. Its founding was a
valiant attempt to organize the science of the country more or less under
central political sponsorship, but it failed without appreciable effect upon
American science and culture.

The American Journal of Science

An event of major importance for the progress of science in America was
the founding, in 1818, of the American Journal of Science and Arts (the
words "and Arts" omitted after the year 1880) by Benjamin Silliman. No
other scientific periodical in this country has enjoyed uninterrupted publi-
cation for so long a period, now 122 years. The American Journal of
Science owes everything to Silliman, for he was not only its founder and its
editor for many years, but its financial backer as well. Silliman's Journal,
as it was often called, drew together as contributors, and after 1851 as
associated editors, most of the leading scientists of the country. It pro-
vided them a place in which to publish their writings and made them ac-
quainted with one another during a period in which travel was difficult
and costly. It contributed greatly to solidarity among American scientists. 1

Natural Philosophy and Natural History

In the early part of the nineteenth century science was almost universally
classified as Natural Philosophy and Natural History. Although Benjamin
Franklin had made many important contributions to what later became
known as physics, geology was the first of the branches of Natural Philoso-
phy to be vigorously cultivated in America. Interest in geology was partly
utilitarian, for a new continent was to be explored and its mineral riches
brought to light. Seventeen states made provisions for geological surveys
between 1823 and 1839. This rapidly expanding interest in geology led to
attempts at forming national geological societies. The first was the Ameri-
can Geological Society, incorporated in Connecticut in 18 19. Silliman was
one of its vice-presidents, and men from every state in the Union were in-
cluded in its membership. The society died in 1826, but its spirit reappeared
in the Association of American Geologists, organized in 1840.

Origin of the American Association

Interest in natural history was not lacking, for provisions for it were in-
cluded in the organization of general scientific societies, such as the Ameri-

1 For an extended account of the origin and history of the American Journal of Science, see A
Century of Science in America (1818-1918). Yale University Press. 19 18.

6 The Period to 1850

can Philosophical Society, and papers on subjects in biological fields were
welcomed in Silliman's Journal. In 1836, New York established a Natural
History Survey, and Massachusetts a Zoological and Botanical Survey, in
1837. There rapidly developed an interest in organizing a society including
both Natural Philosophy and Natural History, an interest that was doubt-
less stimulated by the founding of the British Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, in 1831.

Dr. John Collins Warren, a leading citizen of Boston, read a paper at a
meeting of the British Association in 1837. Upon his return to the United
States in August, 1838, he actively undertook to promote the organization
of a similar society in this country. A Committee of Correspondence of the
American Association was formed, which late in October notified the Amer-
ican Philosophical Society of their activities and invited cooperation in or-
ganizing the proposed new society. On February 15, 1839, the American
Philosophical Society passed a resolution declaring that in its opinion it
was inexpedient for it to undertake the organization of the proposed Asso-
ciation. In spite of this action interest continued in establishing a general
scientific society national in scope. In April, 1842, the Association of Amer-
ican Geologists, which had been organized in 1840, became The Associa-
tion of American Geologists and Naturalists. Charles (later Sir Charles)
Lyell, distinguished author of Principles of Geology, was present and took
an active part in the meeting. This society held its last meeting in Boston
in September, 1847 ; on September 24, under the chairmanship of William
C. Redfield, the society passed a resolution to transform itself into the
American Association for the Promotion of Science, an organization "de-
signed to embrace all laborers in Physical Science and Natural History."

The new association held its first regular meeting in the library room of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia on September 20, 1848,
at 10 a.m. At noon the meeting was called to order by Professor William B.
Rogers who read the draft of a Constitution and Rules of Order which had
been drawn up by a committee appointed for the purpose at the meeting the
preceding year. In this report the name of the organization was changed to
the American Association for the Advancement of Science ; upon its adop-
tion the American Association for the Advancement of Science was born.
At 4 p.m. the new society convened and the chairman, Professor Rogers,
introduced the first president of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, Mr. William C. Redfield. There were 461 original mem-
bers of the Association.

The Meetings of the Association 1848-1850

The first meeting of the Association was held from 4 p.m. on Wednesday,
September 20, 1848, until Monday, September 25, excluding Sunday, Sep-

The Period to 1850 7

tember 24. The scientific program of the meeting consisted of three papers
on fossils read at the first session, of a communication on ocean winds and
currents, of a General Session on Friday evening on subjects of wide in-
terest, and of sessions daily of the two sections of the Association, namely,
the "Section of Natural History, Geology, etc." and the "Section of General
Physics, etc."

At the general session on Friday evening Professor William B. Rogers
delivered an "annual address" which was not written out or printed. Then
Benjamin Peirce read a paper "On the General Principles of Analytical
Mechanics," followed by a paper by Louis Agassiz "On the Classification
of the Animal Kingdom." These papers are not published in the Proceed-
ings of the meeting and probably not anywhere else.

About 30 papers and communications of various kinds were presented
before the Section of Natural History, Geology, etc., and about as many
before the Section of General Physics, etc., few of which are printed in the
Proceedings of the meeting. A list of the 461 members of the Association,
including all the leading American scientists of the time, closes the volume
of 156 pages.

The meeting in 1849 (the second meeting of the Association) was held
in Cambridge, Massachusetts, from August 14 to August 20, inclusive (ex-
cluding Sunday, August 19), a total of six days, under the presidency of
Joseph Henry. No presidential address was delivered, but there were sev-
eral sessions of the Association as a whole and sessions of the sections of
"Natural History, Geology, etc.," "General Physics, etc.," "Mathematics,
Physics, and Astronomy," "Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Meteorology," "Ge-
ology and Paleontology," "Zoology," "Chemistry and Meteorology," "Nat-
ural History, Zoology, etc.," the new sections having been organized as a
consequence of a great increase in the number of papers presented and the
progressive specialization of science. This second Proceedings comprised
459 pages.

In 1850 the Association held two meetings, an intermediate meeting in
Charleston, S. C, from March 12 to March 16, inclusive, and its annual
meeting in New Haven, Conn., from August 19 to August 24, inclusive. In
meeting in various places the Association was fulfilling one of its purposes
as expressed in its Rules, namely, to hold ". . . periodical and migratory
meetings, to promote intercourse between those who are cultivating science
in different parts of the United States . . ." At the Charleston meeting about
60 papers and informal communications were presented. At the New
Haven meeting six General Sessions were held before which 26 papers and
addresses were delivered. At the section meetings 1 14 papers were pre-
sented, 46 of which were in the general fields of geology and natural history
and 68 in the fields of the physical sciences. The Proceedings of the third

8 The Period from 185 i to i860

(Charleston) meeting consist of 215 pages, while there are 414 pages in the
Proceedings of the New Haven meeting. The membership of the Associa-
tion at the Charleston meeting was 634 ; at the New Haven meeting it had
become 684. On August 22 Joseph Henry, president of the Association for
the preceding year, delivered an address as retiring president, but it was not
written and the title of it is unknown.

II. THE PERIOD FROM 185 1 TO i860

In order not to become involved in the endless details of individual meet-
ings which have lost much of their importance with the passing of time, the
history of the Association and the progress of science will be sketched by
decades. The decade 1850- 1860 is the first one after the Association had
been organized and the pattern of its meetings established.

Several great scientific discoveries and generalizations had been made
in the decades immediately preceding the one under consideration. One of
the most important of these generalizations was Dalton's atomic theory
(1808) based on Proust's experimental discovery of the law of multiple
proportions in chemical reactions. This basic theory for chemistry was
supplemented in 181 1 by Avogadro's inference, or hypothesis, that equal
volumes of different gases at the same temperature and under the same pres-
sure contain the same number of molecules. The synthesis of urea by
Wohler, in 1828, assured chemists that the laws of their science hold also in
the organic field.

In the field of geology a new era was inaugurated by the publication of
the three volumes of Lyell's Principles of Geology in 1830, 1832, and 1833.
A reasonable basis- for the long periods of time required by Lyell for the
geological processes was provided in the Nebular Hypothesis of Laplace,
published first in 1796 and in a somewhat expanded form in 1806. The law r
of the conservation of energy was formulated almost simultaneously by
Robert Mayer and James P. Joule, in 1842. In 1847 Helmholz extended it
to the organic world. It was in the middle part of the first half of this
century that Faraday and Joseph Henry discovered the relations between
electricity and magnetism. It was in this period that the cell theory of the
structure- and functioning of living organisms took form, the papers of
Schleiden and Schwann appearing in 1838-39. It was in the latter part of
this half century that the principles of organic evolution began to take form
in the minds of Darwin, Wallace and Spencer. As to inventions, Morse pro-
duced the telegraph in 1836; Daguerre first made photographs in 1839;
and Long, Wells, Morton, and Simpson introduced the use of ether, nitrous
oxide and chloroform, for producing anesthesia, in the years 1842 to 1847.
Great scientific discoveries in the half century preceding the organization of

The Period from 185 i to i860 9

the Association naturally influenced its programs during the decade under
consideration.

Presidential Addresses
A. D. Bache (geography), president of the Association for 1851, nor-
mally would have delivered his retiring address at the meeting scheduled
for Cleveland, Ohio, in August of 1852; but this meeting was postponed
because of the prevalence of cholera along the approaches to Cleveland from
the South. At the postponed meeting, held in July, 1853, Bache delivered
his address, without formal title, saying that it would be "a few remarks in
relation to the circumstances attending its (the Association's) organization,
and to its progress, and some considerations of the direction in which we
may look for its greatest usefulness." It is printed in the Proceedings for
1852, vol. 6. A short quotation will illustrate its tone.

But is it true that genius is beyond or above the stimulus of association? Let the
man among us who has, if ever man had the true "divine breath," tell us, in simple and
single-heartedness, whether he left that meeting of the British Association the same
man who went there; whether the effect of that simple and single figure on the black-
board, which showed to the geologists of the day discoveries to be made, founded on
principles which created a new era in classification, was limited to his auditors, or even
to cultivators of science through whom they spread with lightning rapidity and vivid-
ness : did it not react on him ?

Benjamin Peirce (mathematics), president of the Association in 1853
and distinguished for his work in abstract mathematics, delivered his ad-
dress as retiring president at the meeting held in Washington in May, 1854.
Like the address of his predecessor, it was without an explicit title but re-
ferred in eloquent terms to the Association and of its relations to the prog-
ress of science. It is printed in the Proceedings for 1854, vol. 8. Its style
may be inferred from its opening paragraph, which is by no means the most
ornate.

In most offices, the duties terminate with the office, and the thing of the past, the
ex-officer, is to the present an unknown quantity. But it is not so with your President.
Science, with its time-annihilating power, which gives life to the fossil, which hurries
the embryo future into premature birth, which ventures beyond the grave even to the
foot of the invisible throne, sternly drags forward its reluctant presidents to their hard-
est trial when they have ceased to be, to a judgment after death severer than that of
Rhadamanthus. This calling out of the actor upon the stage after the night of perform-
ance, when the blood is no longer warm, is all the worse to him who has never before
made a set speech, all whose habits of thought are unknown to aesthetic display, and
the Arctic latitudes of whose frigid studies are impenetrable to the God of eloquence
and to the Muses who vibrate the silver-toned chords of human sympathy.

James D. Dana (geology), president of the Association in 1854, de-

io The Period from 185 i to i860

livered his address as retiring president at the meeting held in Providence,
R. I., in August, 1855. This address, also without a title, was an excellent
exposition of the geological history of the earth, including "the progress of
life from its earliest dawn to the appearance of man." All of it was on a
high scientific, literary and philosophic plane. In the concluding paragraphs
of his address Dana referred to the future of man as follows :

Another of our number has shown in eloquent language how the diversified features
and productions of the Old World conspired to adapt it for the childhood and develop-
ment of the race ; and that, when beyond his pupilage, having accomplished his rescue
from himself and the tyranny of forces around him, and broken the elements into his
service, he needed to emerge from the trammels of the school-house in order to enjoy
his fullest freedom of thought and action, and social union. Professor Guyot observes
further, that America, ever free, was the appointed land for this freedom and union, —
of which its open plains, and oneness of structure, were a fit emblem ; and that, al-
though long without signs of progress or hope in its future, this land is to be the
centre of hope and light to the world.

In view of all these arrangements, man may well feel exalted. He is the last of the
grand series. At his approach, the fierce tribes of the earth drew back, and the race
dwindled to one fourth its bulk and ferocity, — the huge Mastodons, Lions, and Hyenas
yielding place to other species, better fit to be his attendants, and more in harmony with
the new creation.

Partaking of the Divine image, all nature pays him tribute ; the universe is his field
of study ; an eternity his future. Surely it is a high eminence on which he stands. (Pro-
ceedings, vol. 9.)

John Torrey (botany), president in 1855, does not appear to have de-
livered an address as retiring president. His successor, James Hall (geol-
ogy), delivered his address as retiring president at the Montreal meeting in
August, 1857; it was published in 1882. (Proceedings, vol. 31, pp. 29-71.)

Professor J. W. Bailey (chemistry), elected president of the Association
for 1857, died on February 27 at 46 years of age, the first president of the
Association to die in office. Professor Alexis Caswell (astronomy) served
in his place at the meeting held in Montreal in August, 1857, and also in
place of Jeffries Wyman, president of the Association for the meeting held
in Baltimore in May, 1858, but which he did not attend. On retiring from
the duties of president of the Association, Caswell delivered an address at
the meeting held in Springfield, Mass., in August, 1859. The first part of
his address consisted of tributes to the members who had died during the
year and brief sketches of their lives ; the last part, to a discussion of current
problems in astronomy.

There is no record that Stephen Alexander, president of the Association
for the Springfield, Mass., meeting in August, 1859, delivered an address as
retiring president at the meeting in Newport, R. I., in August, i860. Nor
did Isaac Lea, president for this meeting, deliver an address as retiring

The Period from 1851 to i860 11

president ; the Association suspended activities during the period of the
Civil War, 1861 to 1865.

Papers of Especial Interest Presented at the Meetings 1

The Cincinnati Meeting, May, 18 51. ( Vol. 5)

1. On the Azoic System, as Developed in the Lake Superior Land Dis-
trict. J. W. Foster and J. D. Whitney.

2. On the Constitution of Saturn's Ring. Benjamin Peirce.

3. Notice of the Ancient Human Skulls, and other Bones, found in a
Cave near Elyria, Ohio. Chas. Whittlesey, Sr.

The Albany Meeting, August, 18 51. ( Vol. 6)

1. On a New Form of Microscope, with a New Mode of Measurement
of Dimensions and Angles. J. Lawrence Smith.

2. Remarks upon the Unconformahility of the Palaeozoic Formations of
the United States. Louis Agassiz.

3. Description of Samples of Ancient Cloth from the Mounds of Ohio.
J. W. Foster.

The Cleveland Meeting, July, 1853. ( Vol. 7)

1. On the Binocular Microscope. J. L. Riddell.

2. On the Geology of the Choctaw Bluff. A. Winchell.

3. On the Wheat-Fly and its Ravages. R. Howell.

The Washington Meeting, May, 1854. {Vol. 8)

1. Results of Some Investigations Respecting Biela's Double Comet. J. S.
Hubbard.

2. On the Distribution of Temperature in and near the Gulf Stream, off
the Coast of the United States, from Observations made in the Coast Sur-
vey. A. D. Bache.

3. An Account of a Tornado which passed over the State of Connecticut
on the 9th of August, 185 1. John Brocklesby.

4. Experimental Observations on Taste and Smell. Theodore C. Hilgard.

The Providence Meeting, August, 1855. (Vol. 9)

1. Improvements in the Electric Telegraph, whereby two or more Ter-
minal Stations can make Simultaneous Use of the Same Wire. Moses G.
Farmer.

2. On the Occurrence of the Ores of Iron in the Azoic System. J. D.
Whitney.

1 All references are to the Proceedings.

12

The Period from 185 i to i860

The Albany Meeting, August, 18 j6. (Vol. 10)

1. On Acoustics Applied to Public Buildings. Joseph Henry.

2. On the Spirality of Motion in Whirlwinds and Tornadoes. W. C.
Redfield.

3. On the Agency of the Gulf-Stream in the Formation of the Peninsula
of Florida. Joseph Le Conte.

The Montreal Meeting, August, 1857. (Vol. 11)

1. Zodiacal Light. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N.

2. Fluctuations of Level in the North American Lakes. Charles Whit-
tlesey.

3. Thoughts on Species. James D. Dana.

4. Laws of Descent of the Iroquois. Lewis H. Morgan.

The Baltimore Meeting, May, 1858. (Vol. 12)

1. On the Mean Distances of Periodic Comets. Daniel Kirkwood.

2. On the Australian Weapon called the Boomerang. Joseph Lovering.

The Springfield, Mass., Meeting, August, 1859. (Vol. 15)

1. On the Secular Variations of the Eccentricities and Perihelia of Cer-
tain of the Asteroids. Simon Newcomb.

2. On the Supposed Lunar Origin of Aerolites. B. A. Gould, Jr.

3. Contributions to the History of Gypsums and Magnesium Rocks. T.
Sterry Hunt.

4. The Indian Mode of Bestowing and Changing Names. Lewis H.
Morgan.

The Newport, R. I., Meeting, August, i860. (Vol. 14)
1. The American Reindeer. L. E. Chittenden.

Membership

During the early years of the Association its membership was published
only at the close of the meetings. For the decade under consideration the
memberships at the close of the meetings were as follows :

Year

Meeting Place 1

I ember 'ship

] ear

Meeting Place

Membership

1851

Cincinnati

800

1856

Albany

722

1851

Albany

769

1857

Montreal

946

1853

Cleveland

940

1858

Baltimore

962

1854

Washington

1004

1859

Springfield

862

i855

Providence

605

i860

Newport

644

The Period from 1861 to 1870 13

III. THE PERIOD FROM 1861 TO 1870

During' the twelve years between the organization of the Association in
1848 and the beginning of the period now to be considered the Association
held 14 meetings. Many addresses delivered at these meetings contained
enthusiastic and eloquent passages concerning the progress of civilization,
the dissipation of dark superstitions, the increase in understanding of the
beneficent purposes of the Creator and confident predictions of a Utopian
future. Alas for their dreams that they were almost at the gates of Paradise !
The Civil War broke out !

In the tragic hours in which these words are being written (May 17,
1940) a large fraction of the peoples who have made the greatest contribu-
tions to science, who through science have created unlimited comforts,
stamped out diseases, revealed the majesty of the universe, taught us the
long course of our evolution, pointed the way to unlimited progress — these
are the peoples who are engaged in a struggle that appears about to destroy
civilization. Our present apprehensions about the future should help us to
understand conditions in 1861.

In April, 1861, the blood of men ran hot. Those who together had won
their political freedom became bitter enemies ; the aid of the Almighty was
invoked in plans for slaughter ; mutual hatreds flamed in the hearts of those
who had been friends ; families were divided by undying enmities ; large
sections of the country were laid waste and all of it was impoverished. For
six years the Association held no meetings.

The first meeting of the Association after the termination of the Civil
War was held at Buffalo, N. Y., in August, 1866. But it was not such a
meeting as the previous ones had been. It was not such a meeting as the
one scheduled for Nashville, Tenn., for April, 1861, would have been if it
had not been for the outbreak of the war. Yet 79 members of the Associa-
tion attended the meeting and 67 papers were presented, 18 of which were
printed in the Proceedings of the meeting. Of these 18 papers, only one was
in zoology and only one was in botany.

Presidential Addresses

Isaac Eea (geology) was president of the Association for the meeting-
held at Newport, R. I., in August, i860, and was consequently retiring
president at the next meeting held six years later at Buffalo, in August,
1866. Instead of delivering an extended formal address, he made a few re-
marks, in part as follows, in introducing F. A. P. Barnard, president at this
meeting in Buffalo (vol. 15, p. 108) :

In opening this meeting, it may be my duty to say that when we adjourned last, in
Newport, R. I., in i860, it was then proposed that we should meet in 1861, at Nashville,

14 The Period from 1861 to 1870

Tenn. At the same time the distinguished President of Columbia College, N. Y., Prof.
Barnard, was appointed to preside at that meeting. In the meantime, the great rebellion
breaking out, the meeting was not, of course, called together, as that place was not
either a fit or a safe one for loyal members to visit. It was also judged proper that our
meetings should be in abeyance, as our minds and our time were occupied by duties of
the utmost importance in the assistance of the restoration of that peace which has
caused our beloved Union four eventful years of war.

F. A. P. Barnard, retiring president at the meeting held at Burlington,
Vermont, in August, 1867, was not present at the meeting and did not de-
liver his address until the following year. However, the president for the
meeting, J. S. Newberry (geology), delivered his retiring address which
normally would have come at the following meeting. In it are evidences of
the profound effects that were gradually being produced by the publication
of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859 (vol. 16, pp. 1-15.) :

Although the progress of the age to which I have referred has been a matter of
wonder and delight to all students of humanity and civilization, many of our best men
have been somewhat alarmed and dizzied by it ; and, while accepting the achievements
of modern industry and thought as full of present good and future promise, they are
not a little concerned lest our railroad speed of progress should lead to its legitimate
consequences, a final crash — not of things material, but of those of infinitely more
value— of opinions and of faith. As often as it is boasted that this is pre-eminently an
age of progress, that boast is met by the inevitable "but" (which qualifies our praise of
all things earthly) "it is equally an age of scepticism." For the truth of this assertion
the proof is nearly as palpable as of the other ; and in view of the ruthlessness with
which the man of the present removes ancient landmarks and profanes shrines hallowed
by the faith of centuries, it is not surprising that many of the good and wise among us
should deplore a liberty of thought leading, in their view, inevitably to license, and
mourn over this wide-spread scepticism as an evil and inscrutable disease that has
fallen upon the minds and hearts of men. . . .

It would be impossible for any one to discuss in a fair and intelligent manner the
great question of the origin of species, in anything less than a bulky volume. The
merest mention is, therefore, all we can give to it at the present time. Although the
appearance of Darwin's book on the Origin of Species communicated a distinct shock
to the prevalent creeds, both religious and scientific, the hypothesis which it suggests,
though now for the first time distinctly formularized, was by no means new ; as it en-
ters largely into the less clearly stated development theories of Oken, Lamarck, De
Maillet, and the author of the "Vestiges of Creation." There was this difference, how-
ever, that in the developmental theories of the older writers the element of evolution
had a place; the process of development had its main-spring in an inherent growth, or
tendency, such as produces the evolution of the successive parts in plant-life, while,
according to Darwin, the beautiful symmetry and adaptation which we see in nature is
simply the form assumed by plastic matter in the mould of external circumstances.

Although this Darwinian hypothesis is looked upon by many as striking at the root
of all vital faith, and is the bete noire of all those who deplore and condemn the mate-
rialistic tendency of modern science, still the purity of life of the author of the "Origin
of Species," his enthusiastic devotion to the study of truth, the industry and acumen
which have marked his researches, the candor and caution with which his suggestions

The Period from 1861 to 1870 15

have been made, aJl combine to render the obloquy and scorn with which they have been
received in many quarters peculiarly unjust and in bad taste. It should also be said of
Mr. Darwin that his views on the origin of species are not inconsistent with his own
acceptance of the doctrine of Revelation ; and that many of our best men of science
look upon his theory as not incompatible with the religious faith which is the guide of
their lives, and their hope for the future. To these men it seems presumption that any
mere man should restrict the Deity in His manner of vitalizing and beautifying the
earth. To them it is a proof of higher wisdom and greater power in the Creator that
He should endow the vital principle with such potency that, pervaded by it, all the
economy of nature, in both the animal and vegetable worlds, should be so nicely self-
adjusting that, like a perfect machine from the hands of a master maker, it requires no
constant tinkering to preserve the constancy and regularity of its movements.

F. A. P. Barnard (astronomy, physics), president of the Association for
the meeting at Buffalo in August, 1866, delivered his address as retiring
president at the meeting in Chicago in August, 1868. This address ranged
widely over the then recent advances in the physical sciences — astronomy
and celestial mechanics, electromagnetic phenomena, electrochemistry, solar
parallax, the planetoids, the distance of Sirius, eclipses of the sun, sunspots,
meteors, comets, glaciation, coal deposits in China, chemistry, the conserva-
tion of energy- — and, finally, the speaker examined the properties of living
organisms, including the activities of the mind, in the light of the physical
laws he had discussed. A few paragraphs, all of which are well written and
not one of which is dull, will illustrate the tenor of the address (vol. 17, pp.
57-101):

The philosophy therefore which makes thought a form of force, makes thought a
mode of motion ; converts the thinking being into a mechanical automaton, whose
sensations, emotions, intellections, are mere vibrations produced in its material sub-
stance by the play of physical forces, and whose conscious existence must forever cease
when the exhausted organism shall at length fail to respond to these external im-
pulses. If the law of conservation of force is therefore to be extended to mental phe-
nomena, the immortality of the soul can be no longer maintained. On this hypothesis
indeed man has no soul. Life is but a momentary phenomenon, a casual condition of
matter, to be classed with combustion, incandescence, sound, odor, anything most acci-
dental and evanescent. More than this, the living being, while his brief consciousness
endures, is the mere sport of forces foreign to himself. His conscious freedom of will
is nothing but an illusion. His thoughts, his feelings, his acts, are all links in a chain
of inevitable events, determined by unalterable physical laws. He ceases to be a moral
agent or an accountable being. Let it be observed moreover that the doctrine of neces-
sity here forced upon us, differs from that which has been inculcated by necessitarian
philosophers heretofore. The necessity which fetters the will by making it the slave of
motive, is one in which the coercion is moral and not physical ; and which leaves us
room at least to respect poor human nature though we may compassionate. That which
presents will and motive together as two modes of motion, of which the first is but the
second under a new form, is a necessity of which the slave has lost even respectability,
and is reduced to the humble level of a piece of mechanism.

But it is not because of these consequences that I reject a doctrine so derogatory to

i6 The Period from 1861 to 1870

the dignity of humanity. The business of the philosopher is to follow on the trace of
truth wherever it may lead. He must not suffer feeling, or preference, or preposses-
sion, or prejudice, for a moment to bias his judgment. If the law of the conservation
of force, rightly interpreted, conducts us of necessity to materialism, we must accept
the conclusion, however humiliating we may find it to our pride or however ruinous to
our hopes. To my mind no such necessity exists.

In proof of this position it is of course no argument, and I do not present it as one,
to allege the utter incongruity which every mind uninfluenced, I was about to say
unperverted, by favorite philosophical preconceptions, feels to exist between mental
and physical phenomena. Consciousness, to any mind, is a mystery sufficiently pro-
found ; but to suggest that it may be only a mode of motion, is to an ordinary mind
little less than a self evident absurdity. But, as just remarked, this is no argument.

It is an argument, however, to say that thought cannot be a physical force, because
thought admits of no measure. I think it will be conceded without controversy that
there is no form of material substance, and no known force of a physical nature (and
there are no other forces) of which we cannot in some form definitely express the
quantity, by reference to some conventional measuring unit. Even while heat and light
and electricity continued to be regarded as independent and unconvertible forces, they
were still subjected to measurement, each after a manner peculiar to itself; and the
ratio between the amount of latent heat of a pound of water and that of a pound of
steam was as well known as it is now. The minutest quantities of electricity were de-
termined by the most delicate of balances, and the intensities of different lights were
numerically expressed by means of experimental and instrumental comparisons. Now
no such means of measuring mental action has been suggested. No such means can be
conceived.

Benjamin Apthorp Gould (astronomy), who was president at the meet-
ing of the Association held at Chicago in August, 1868, delivered his presi-
dential address at the meeting held at Salem, Mass., in August, 1869. Gould
devoted considerable attention to the principal theme of his predecessor,
but, in contrast to -earlier presidents of the Association, he sharply warned
his fellow members against overestimating American achievements in
science (vol. 18, pp. 1-37) :

We are accustomed to regard ourselves as belonging to a new country, and to palliate
in our own hearts, even if not openly, our intellectual short-comings and our deficiences
in learning or culture, by this plea. And just as men who have attained eminence, not-
withstanding an absence of early opportunities, are often accustomed to glory in this
want of advantages, as though it had been a merit rather than a misfortune, — judging
themselves always by a relative, instead of an absolute, standard, — so we American
lovers of science are too much inclined to take note of the difficulties against which we
have struggled or are struggling, rather than of the actual level which we have attained
by the effort. Of course there is much to extenuate in this proclivity; how much, you
all know. The want, until a recent date, of books of reference; the want of access to
such implements of research as are beyond the reach of most private men; the want of
time and energy to spare from the grand "struggle for existence" ; and above all, the
want of competent scientific counselers and guides for the beginner in scientific re-
search ; all these are well known to those of you who have attained an age at all ap-

The Period from 1861 to 1870 ij

proaching the meridian of life. Before the omniscient Judge, they will surely be credited
to each individual in the great account. But if we consider not the individuals but the
people, and hold the community responsible for its collective failures, while we give
it credit for its collective achievements, in the intellectual field, I am sometimes appre-
hensive that we are given to pluming ourselves too much, and to estimating our progress
rather by the number of obstacles which we know to have been surmounted, than by
the mile-stones which have been left behind. Communities have merits and failings,
as individuals have ; they are but the integral of their many constituent individuals ;
and among our national failings can scarcely be counted that of judging ourselves too
harshly. Our aim should not be to overcome difficulties, except so far as this is a
necessary means of advance ; it is progress, toward which our efforts should be directed,
and if the obstacles are serious, we have, as a people, no right to credit merely for
having surmounted them, provided we possess, and do not employ, the power to remove
them. Can the intellectual standing and rank of a nation be fairly measured by the
highest achievements of its ablest and most devoted men, if so be that these men or
their deeds are not the legitimate fruit of the tendencies and influences at work, but, on
the contrary, are exceptional cases, which have maintained their existence and even
blossomed out by virtue of the humanity that was in them, notwithstanding hindrances
and discouragements? . . .

"Two hundred and forty years," I hear some one say, "what are they in the de-
velopment of a nation, or of its scientific character? Twenty-five centuries have passed
since Thales predicted an eclipse of the sun ; nineteen, since Sosigenes reformed the
calendar for Julius Caesar ; fourteen hundred years have rolled over the University of
Bologna. What to you occidentals seems a hoary antiquity, is a mere yesterday for
the dweller by the Tiber, the Thames, the Seine, the Danube or the Rhine." Be it so !
Yet Hans Lippersheim's first suggestion of a telescope was eighteen months after New-
port had sailed up the James River with his infant colony. The idea of a logarithm
was then not born : Napier and Briggs were names unknown to fame. The oaks and
beeches had been cleared from these hills, and our ancestors had built their rustic
homes, at the time when Galileo was tortured into adjuring the profane doctrine that
the earth moved, and not the sun. When Harvard endowed the college that bears his
name, there was no such thing as a barometer or a thermometer. It is within these
very two hundred and forty years that modern science has come into existence, and
the world's intellect been turned from speculation to investigation. It is within this
period that our implements of research have been devised, that the air-pump, the elec-
trical machine and the clock have been invented, that every public chemical laboratory,
every astronomical or physical observatory, and every academy of sciences has been
founded. Boston had been settled when Keppler died. The grandchildren of the origi-
nal colonists of Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay were born, when the law of
universal gravitation was first proclaimed by Newton.

Therefore it is that we must confess our scientific progress to have been far inferior
to that of several European nations. And I fear that the confession might truthfully
be made much broader, and include our progress in all purely intellectual studies, which
hold forth no promise of immediate utility in promoting physical well-being or material
convenience. If this is true, my friends, it is time that it should be so no longer. And
before you, the declared lovers of science, — in this Association formed to promote her
welfare and advancement, — here in the earliest seat of that colony, whence has geo-
graphically radiated what of culture and of science our country has possessed, — I would
fain say some few words which, however crude or ill-arranged, might find a congenial
soil within your hearts — to bear fruit, perhaps, when all of us have disappeared from
the stage — and which might aid, in however small a degree, to avert the day when the

1 8 The Period from 1861 to 1870

highest recognized aims shall be toward material prosperity, rather than toward in-
tellectual development and progress.

J. W. Foster (geography), president at the Salem meeting in August,
1869, delivered his address as retiring president of the Association at the
meeting held at Troy, Xew York, in August, 1870. Foster's address was
devoted to the wide variations in climate, including the glacial advances and
retreats, that characterized the Tertiary and later periods almost down to
the present time. His remarks on the resulting changes in plant and animal
forms, and on prehistoric man, are interesting illustrations of the mixtures
of fact and fancy that followed the first glimpses into an enormous and al-
most entirely unsuspected long past of geological, hiological and human his-
tory. Referring to man during the Ice Age, he said (vol. 19, pp. 1-19) :

In such a climate and on such a soil we can well imagine that agriculture formed no
part of the occupation of the primitive man. He gathered not the kindly fruits of the
earth, but was essentially a predaceous animal. The few skulls that have been re-
covered, would indicate that he was low in the scale of intellectual organization, — a
small brain, a retreating forehead, and oblique jaws. In capacity he was below the
Australian and New Zealander. In stature he was dwarfed, but was broad-shouldered
and robust, — the result of vigorous exertion and out-door exposure. He was carni-
vorous, and, perhaps, a raw flesh-eater ; for in the jaws which have been disinterred,
the incisor teeth are much worn, — a peculiarity which has been noticed in those of the
flesh-eating Esquimaux. This fact ought not to be cited to his disadvantage, for in an
Arctic climate where the animal heat is so rapidly abstracted, man requires a highly
nitrogenous food. Thus we find our own countryman, Kane, when imprisoned in the
ice of Rensselaer Harbor, resorting to raw walrus-meat, and rolling it as a sweet
morsel under his tongue. . . .

But we must accord to him one redeeming trait. That homage which in all ages and
among all nations, the living pay to the dead ; those ceremonies which are observed at
the hour of final separation; that care which is exerted to protect the manes from all
profane intrusion; and those delicate acts, prompted by love or affection, which we
fondly hope, will smooth the passage of the parting spirit to the happy land, — all these
observances our rude ancestors maintained. These facts show that, deep as man may
sink in barbarism, brutal as he may become in his instincts, there is still a redeeming
spirit which prompts to higher aspirations, and that to him, even, there is no belief so
dreary as that of utter annihilation.

Foster closed his address with a survey of possible causes of glaciation,
concluding that they are almost certainly extra-terrestrial.

On the subject of cooperation among scientists from various fields he
said :

There is such an intimate connection between the several branches of science, that
the researches in one held often throw light upon the obscure points in another. In
the solution of this difficult problem, the geologist may invoke, and I trust not un-
successfully, the aid of the astronomer.

The Period from i8(h to 1870 19

Although scientists have cooperated in investigating the problem of the
causes of glaciation during the 70 years since Foster's address, they have
not yet reached a generally accepted explanation of the successive periods
of glaciation that the middle latitudes of the earth have experienced.

Papers of Interest Presented at the Meetings

The Buffalo, N. Y., Meeting, August, 1866. ( J'ol. 75)

1. On the Theory of Meteors. Daniel Kirk wood.

2. On the Physical Condition of the Sun's Surface and the Motion of
the Solar Spots. Elias Loomis.

The Burlington, J't., Meeting, August, 186/. (Vol. 16)

1. Observations of Venus near Inferior Conjunction. C. S. Lyman.

2. On the Periodicity of the Aurora Borealis. Joseph Lovering.

3. Considerations Relating to the Climate of the Glacial Epoch in North
America. Edward Hungerford.

i &*

The Chicago Meeting, August, 1868. (Vol. if)

1. The Nature of Electric Discharge. O. N. Stoddard.

2. On Hansen's Theory of the Physical Constitution of the Moon. Simon
Newcomb.

3. On the Source of Free Hydrochloric Acid in the Gastric Juice. E. N.
Horsford.

The Salem; Mass., Meeting, August, icS'do. {Vol. 18)

1. Spectrum Observations at Burlington, Iowa, during the Eclipse of
August 7, 1869. C. A. Young.

2. On the Relation between the Intensity of Light Produced from the
Combustion of Illuminating Gas and the Volume of Gas Consumed. Ben-
jamin Silliman.

3. Notice of some New Tertiary and Cretaceous Fishes. O. C. Marsh.

4. On the Distribution of the Native Tribes of Alaska and the Adjacent
Territory. W. H. Dall.

The 'Troy, X. Y., Meeting, August, 1870. (Vol. ip)

1. On Dispersion and the Possibility of Attaining Perfect Acromatism.
Edward C. Pickering.

2. On the Former Existence of Local Glaciers in the White Mountains.
Louis Agassiz.

3. On the Relations of the Order of Mammals. Theodore Gill.

4. Investigations of the Development of Yeast or Zymatic Fungus. Theo-
dore Hilgard.

20 The Period from 1871 to 1880

Statistical Data

Year

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers

Membership

1866

Buffalo, N. Y.

—

65

637

1867

Burlington, Vt.

73

75

415

1868

Chicago, 111.

259

151

686

1869

Salem, Mass.

244

162

511

1870

Troy, N. Y.

188

144

536

IV. THE PERIOD FROM 1871 TO 1880

On the whole, the decade under consideration was one in which the im-
plications of previous theories were being tested by observation and experi-
ment. Astronomers were making spectroscopic observations of the sun;
physicists were investigating the consequences of the relations between elec-
tric currents and magnetism ; chemists were rapidly developing analytic
chemistry and discovering new elements ; geologists were reading the strata
of the rocks in the light of the uniformitarian theory as expounded by Lyell
(1836-35) ; and biologists were coming to realize the profound significance
of Darwin's Origin of Species (1859). It was a period in which many
scientists, with the enthusiasm of pioneers, were entering and exploring vast
regions the masters had opened.

Theoretical chemistry received a great impetus during this period by the
publication just before its beginning of Mendeleeff's periodic table of the
chemical elements. An equally great contribution to chemistry and physical
science was the publication, in 1877, of J. Willard Gibb's paper "On the
Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Solution," a profound work which was not
generally understood or appreciated for many years. On the other hand,
Maxwell's electromagnetic theory (1873) was almost immediately accepted.

Presidential Addresses

William Chauvenet (mathematician), who was elected president of the
Association for 1870, died early in the year and was succeeded by T. Sterry
Hunt, vice-president of the Association. Hunt (geologist) delivered his
address as retiring president at the meeting held in Indianapolis, Ind., in
August, 1 87 1. Instead of delivering a general philosophical discussion on
science and the role the Association might play in its advancement, as many
of his predecessors had done, he limited himself to his own field, the funda-
mental problems relating to the crystalline stratified rocks in the north-
eastern part of the United States. After describing the rocks that are ex-
posed in the region, he entered into a lengthy discussion of their origin, opin-
ions concerning which were rapidly changing at the time. He closed his
address as follows (vol. 20, pp. 1-59) :

The Period from 1871 to 1880 21

I have thus endeavored to sketch, in a concise and rapid manner, the history of the
earlier rock-formations of eastern North America, and of our progress in the knowl-
edge of them ; while I have, at the same time, dwelt upon some of the geognostical and
chemical questions which their study suggests. With the record of the last thirty years
hefore them, American geologists have cause for congratulation that their investigations
have been so fruitful in great results. They see, however, at the same time, how much
yet remains to be done in the study of the Appalachians and of our northeastern coast,
before the history of these ancient rock-formations can be satisfactorily written. Mean-
while our adventurous students are directing their labors to the vast regions of western
America, where the results which have already been obtained are of profound interest.
The progress of these investigations will doubtless lead us to modify many of the
views now accepted in science, and cannot fail greatly to enlarge the bound of geologi-
cal knowledge.

Asa Gray (botany), president of the Association in 1871, delivered his
address as retiring president at the meeting held in Dubuque, Iowa, in
August, 1872. Like his predecessor, Gray limited his discussion to his own
field. This change from general philosophical subjects to narrower fields
for addresses of retiring presidents of the Association may have been due to
the rapidly increasing richness of science or to an increasing humility of
scientists, only to be carried to such an extreme in later times that specialists
boasted of their ignorance respecting everything outside their own narrow
fields.

Gray made a journey across the continent in preparation, as he said, for
his address. He chose for his subject the Sequoia trees of California. That
he spoke about them not as an awe-struck tourist but as a scientist grap-
pling with the great problems of evolution of life on the earth will be evi-
dent from the following excerpt from his address (vol. 21, pp. 1-31) :

One notable thing about these Sequoia trees is their isolation. Most of the trees asso-
ciated with them are of peculiar species, and some of them are nearly as local. Yet
every Pine, Fir, and Cypress in California is in some sort familiar, because it has near
relatives in other parts of the world. But the Redwoods have none. The Redwood —
including in that name the two species of "big-trees" — belongs to the general Cypress
family, but is sni generis. Thus isolated systematically, and extremely isolated geo-
graphically, and so wonderful in size and port, they more than other trees suggest
questions.

Were they created thus local and lonely, denizens of California only; one in limited
numbers in a few choice spots on the Sierra Nevada, the other along the coast range
from the Bay of Monterey to the frontiers of Oregon? Are they veritable Melchizedeks,
without pedigree or early relationship, and possibly fated to be without descent ?

Or are they now coming upon the stage — or rather were they coming but for man's
interference — to play a part in the future?

Or are they remnants, sole and scanty survivors of a race that has played a grander
part in the past, but is now verging to extinction? Have they had a career, and can
that career be ascertained or surmised, so that we may at least guess whence they came,
and how, and when?

22 The Period from 1871 to 1880

Time was, and not long ago, when such questions as these were regarded as useless
and vain, — when students of natural history, unmindful of what the name denotes, were
content with a knowledge of things as they now are, but gave little heed as to how
they came to be so. Now, such questions are held to be legitimate, and perhaps not
wholly unanswerable. It cannot now be said that these trees inhabit their present re-
stricted areas simply because they are there placed in the climate and soil of all the
world most congenial to them. These must indeed be congenial, or they would not sur-
vive. But when we see how Australian Eucalyptus trees thrive upon the Californian
coast, and how these very Redwoods flourish upon another continent ; how the so-called
wild oat (Avena sterilis of the Old World) has taken full possession of California ;
how that cattle and horses, introduced by the Spaniard, have spread as widely and
made themselves as much at home on the plains of La Plata as on those of Tartary ; and
that the cardoon-thistle seeds, and others they brought with them, have multiplied there
into numbers probably much exceeding those extant in their native lands ; indeed,
when we contemplate our own race, and our own particular stock, taking such recent
but dominating possession of this New World ; when we consider how the indigenous
flora of islands generally succumbs to the foreigners which come in the train of man;
and that most weeds (i.e., the prepotent plants in open soil) of all temperate climates
are not "to the manner born," but are self-invited intruders, — we must needs abandon
the notion of any primordial and absolute adaptation of plants and animals to their
habitats, which may stand in lieu of explanation, and so preclude our inquiring any
further.

J. Lawrence Smith (chemistry), president at the meeting in Dubuque,
Iowa, in 1872, delivered his address as retiring president at the meeting at
Portland, Maine, in August, 1873. Smith's address consisted of three parts,
the first a defense of pure research, stimulated no doubt by the popular fame
of technicians and inventors. The second part was devoted to a discussion
of the methods of science in which he spoke very critically of a tendency
among scientists to abandon the Baconian method and to indulge in specu-
lations, pyramiding one on another until they had little relationship to ex-
perience. He closed with remarks about the habit of claiming that science
supports religion, a habit that still lingers. A quotation will make clear his
point of view (vol. 22, pp. 1-26) :

Reference has already been made to the tendency of quitting the physical to revel in
the metaphysical, which, however, is not peculiar to this age, for it belonged as well to
the times of Plato and Aristotle as it does to ours. More special reference will be
made here to the proclivity of the present epoch among philosophers and theologians to
parade science and religion side by side; talking of reconciling science and religion, as
if they had ever been unreconciled. Scientists and theologians may have quarrelled, but
never science and religion. At dinners they are toasted in the same breath, and calls
made on clergymen to respond, who, for fear of giving offence, or lacking the fire and
firmness of St. Paul, utter a vast amount of platitudes about the beauty of science and
the truth of religion, trembling in their shoes all the time, fearing that science, falsely
so called, may take away their professional calling, instead of uttering in voice of
thunder, like the Boanerges of the gospel, that "the world by wisdom knew not God."
And it never will. Our religion is made so plain by the light of faith that the way-
faring man, though a fool, cannot err therein.

The Period from 1X71 to t88o 23

No, gentlemen; I firmly believe that there is less connection between science and
religion than there is between jurisprudence and astronomy, and the sooner this is
understood the better it will be for both.

Joseph Lovering (physics), president of the Association at the meeting
held in Portland, Maine, in [873, and permanent secretary of the Associa-
tion from [854 to 1X72, inclusive, delivered his address as retiring president
at the meeting held at Hartford, Conn., in August, 1X74.

After preliminary remarks, Lovering announced the subject of his ad-
dress as follows ( vol. 23, pp. [-36) :

The point of view which I have chosen for reviewing the close and advancing
columns of the physical sciences is this: — Are there any improvements in the weapons
of attack, or have any additions been made to them? These are of two kinds: — i. In-
struments for experiment, and 2. The logic of mathematics. These are the lighter and
the heavier artillery in this peaceful service.

This statement, however, gives only a hint of Covering's sweeping sur-
vey of physical science from the days of ( lalileo until the year of his address.
Jt did not consist of general comments, hut was a comprehensive record of
the progress of experiments and the evolution of the physical theories to
which they were related. It would be difficult to find a better brief sum-
mary of physical science of the period, and it is especially interesting be-
cause it was written when many of the subjects discussed were still novel
or controversial. Lovering gave excellent surveys of such subjects as, (1)
the various measurements of the velocity of light and their bearing on the
nature of light, (2) the work of Ohm in electricity, (3) the determination
of the astronomical unit, (4) the work of Angstrom, Balfour" Stewart and
Kirchhoff on the principles of spectrum analysis, (5) the constitution of
nebulae, (6) the origin of the planets, (7) the Doppler effect in sound and
light, ( 8) the problem of ether, ( 9) the velocity of gravitation, ( to) the work
of Faraday, Maxwell and others on the experimental and theoretical prin-
ciples of electricity and magnetism, ( 1 1 ) the nature of gravitation, (12) the
conservation of energy, ( 13) the nature of heat and the kinetic theory of
gases, (14) Helmholtz's work on vortices.

John L. Le Conte (entomology), president of the Association at the meet-
ing held in Hartford, Conn., in August, 1X74, delivered his address as re-
tiring president at the meeting held in Detroit, Michigan, in August, 1875.
He undertook to show that "by proper methods we can discover in our flora
and fauna the remnants of former geologic times, which remain unchanged
and have escaped those influences of variation which are supposed to ac-
count for the differences in the organic beings of different periods." He
illustrated his views by references to a species of Tiger-beetle and other

24 The Period from 1871 to 1880

insects. Then he discussed the difficulties persons have of understanding
others of different antecedents and culture, and went on to explanations of
reasons why such varied views are held respecting the relations between
science and religion. He arrived at the conclusion that "there is no occa-
sion for strict Science and pure Religion to be in conflict. . . ." (Vol. 24,
pp. 1-18.)

Julius E. Hilgard (geography), president of the Association at the meet-
ing held at Detroit in August, 1875, delivered his address as retiring presi-
dent at the meeting held at Buffalo, New York, in August, 1876. Casting
aside the temptation to present a general review of a century of science on
the centennial of the Declaration of Independence of the American colonies,
and refraining from a further discussion of the relations between science and
religion, he took for the subject of his address Geodosy and Topography, the
measurement of the size and form of the earth and the mapping of its sur-
face. He gave a straightforward historical and critical account of these two
related fields. In his concluding paragraphs, however, he presented some re-
flections on the role "abstract thought and pure mathematics have had
... in the development of human knowledge," and terminated his address
rather abruptly with the sentence: "Friends, to my mind this insatiate
desire to know the causes of things, and to understand the ways of creation,
is the strongest evidence that there is a Divine mind from which the human
mind is derived, and that man has been made in the image of God." (Vol.
25, pp. 1-16.)

William B. Rogers (geology), president of the Association at the meeting
held at Detroit in August, 1875, was ill at the time of the following meeting
held at Nashville, Tenn., in August, 1876, and did not deliver an address as
retiring president.

Simon Newcomb (astronomy) delivered his address as retiring president
of the Association at the meeting held at St. Louis, Mo., in August, 1878.
In describing the subject and purpose of his address, he said :

... I have been led to present to you some thoughts on the Course of Nature as
seen in the light of modern scientific and philosophic research. . . .

The key-note of my discourse is found in a proposition which is fundamental in the
history of modern science, and without a clear understanding of which everything I
say may be entirely misunderstood. This proposition is, that science concerns itself
only with phenomena and the relations which connect them, and does not take account
of any questions which do not in some way admit of being brought to the test of ob-
servation. The only universe it knows is that made known by the telescope, the micro-
scope and other appliances of observation. That this is the whole universe we should
all be very sorry to suppose, and none more so than he who has the honor to address
you. But, should I pretend to a scientific knowledge of what lies behind this visible
frame, I should be acting the part of the rash speculator rather than of the cautious
thinker. Only into a single field of thought do I dare to venture.

The Period from 1871 to 1880 25

The severe limitations Newcomb imposed upon himself did not prevent
his delivering a profound and interesting address. (Vol. 27, pp. 1-28.)

0. C. Marsh (geology) delivered his address as retiring president of the
Association at its meeting held at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., in August,
1879. The first paragraph and the next to the last one in his scholarly ad-
dress will give an idea of both the subject matter and the method of its
treatment. (Vol. 28, pp. 1-42.)

In the rapid progress of knowledge, we are constantly brought face to face with the
question, What is Life? The answer is not yet, but a thousand earnest seekers after
truth seem to be slowly approaching a solution. This question gives a new interest to
every department of science that relates to life in any form, and the history of life
offers a most suggestive field for research. One line of investigation lies through em-
bryology, and here the advance is most encouraging. Another promising path leads
back through the life history of the globe, and in this direction we may hope for in-
creasing light, as a reward for patient work. . . .

I have endeavored to define clearly the different periods in the history of Palaeontol-
ogy. If I may venture, in conclusion, to characterize the present period in all depart-
ments of science, its main feature would be a belief in universal laws. The reign of Law,
first recognized in the physical world, has now been extended to Life, as well. In re-
turn, Life has given to inanimate nature the key to her profounder mysteries — Evolution,
which embraces the universe.

George F. Barker (chemistry) delivered his address as retiring president
of the Association at its meeting held at Boston, Mass., in August, 1880.
For the first time a retiring president of the Association gave his address a
formal title, "Some Modern Aspects of the Life-Question." The discussion
was concerned largely with transformations of energy in the cells, and the
transmission of impulses along nerve fibers in animals. It was, of course,
brought out that the ultimate source of energy on the earth is the sun, a
fact that provided occasion for a beautiful closing paragraph. (Vol. 29, pp.
1-30.)

Papers of Interest Presented at the Meetings
The Indianapolis, hid., Meeting, August, i8ji. {Vol. 20)

1. On the Geological History of the Gulf of Mexico. E. W. Hilgard.

2. On the Characteristics of the Primary Groups of the Class of Mam-
mals. Theodore Gill.

3. The Great Mound on the Etowah River, Georgia. Charles Whittlesey.

The Dubuque, Iowa, Meeting, August, 18J2. (Vol. 21)

1. On Soil Analyses and their Utility. Eugene W. Hilgard.

2. Ancient Mounds of Dubuque and its Vicinity. H. T. Woodman.

26 The Period from 1871 to 1880

The Portland, Maine, Meeting, August, 1873. ( / 'ol. 22)

1. The Relation of the Dissipation of Energy to Cosmical Evolution.
H. F. Walling.

2. Artificial Shell-Heaps of Fresh-Water Mollusks. C. A. White.

3. On the duty of Governments in the Preservation of Forests. Franklin
B. Hough.

The Hartford, Conn., Meeting, August, 1874. ( Vol. 23)

1. On the Inner Satellites of Uranus. Edward S. Hoklen.

2. The Recency of Certain Volcanoes of the Western United States.
G. K. Gilbert.

3. Studies in the Formation of Mountains in the Sierra Nevada. John
Muir.

4. Cremation among North American Indians. John L. LeConte.

The Detroit, Mich., Meeting, August, 1875. ( Vol. 24 )

For some years before the meeting in Detroit, the programs of the Asso-
ciation had been organized under two sections: Section A. Mathematics,
Physics, and Chemistry; Section 15, Natural History; and there was a vice-
president of the Association for each of these sections. At the meeting in
1874, at the time of the adoption of a new constitution and the incorpora-
tion of the Association under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massa-
chusetts, the policy was inaugurated of having a formal general address by
each of the vice presidents. As a rule, the reports herein on later meetings
of the Association will contain references only to the addresses of vice
presidents. When the addresses were without formal titles the subjects are
indicated in parentheses.

1. Vice presidential address, Section A. H. A. Newton (mathematics).

2. Vice presidential address. Section II. J. W. Dawson (paleontology).

The Buffalo, A'. )'., Meeting, . hu/itst, 1876. ( / 'ol. 25 )

1. Vice presidential address. Section on Mathematics, Physics and Chem-
istry. C. A. Young (astronomy ).

2. Vice presidential address, Section on Natural History. Edward S.
Morse: "What American Scientists have done for Evolution."

3. Address of chairman of Subsection on Chemistry. ( \. F. Parker
( molecules).

4. "On the Post-Glacial History of Sequoia Gigantea." John Muir.

The Nashville, Term., Meeting, August, 1877. ( Vol. 26)
1. Vice presidential address. Section on Mathematics. Physics and Chem-
istry. E. C. Pickering (research).

The Period from 1X71 to 1880 27

2. Vice presidential address, Section on Natural History. O. C. Marsh:
"Introduction and Succession of Vertebrate Life in America."

3. Address of chairman of Subsection on Anthropology. Daniel Wilson
1 Historical).

The St. Louis, Mo., Meeting, . lugiist, i8j8. ( / 01. 27)

1. Vice presidential address. Section 011 Mathematics, Physics and Chem-
istry. Robert 11. Thurston: "Science of the Advancement of Science."

2. Vice presidential address, Section on Natural History. August R.
Crote : "Education and the Succession of Experiences."

3. Address of chairman of Subsection on Chemistry. F. W. Clarke (re-
search in chemistry).

The Saratoga Springs, X . )'., Meeting, August, 18 jq. {Vol. 28)

1. Vice presidential address, Section on Mathematics. Physics and Chem-
istry. S. P. Langley: "Solar Physics."

2. Nice presidential address. Section on Natural History. John W.
Powell: "Mythologic Philosophy."

3. Address of chairman of Subsection on Chemistry. Ira Remsen (or-
ganic chemistry ).

4. "Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light." Albert A.
Michel son.

The Boston Meeting, August, 18S0. ( \'ol. 2p)

1. Vice presidential address. Section on Mathematics, Physics and Chem-
istry. Asaph Hall (astronomical observations).

2. Nice presidential address. Section on Natural History. Alexander
Agassiz: "Paleontological and Embryological Development."

3. Address of chairman of Subsection of Chemistry. John M. Ordway
( historical ).

4. Address of chairman of Subsection of Anthropology. J. W. Powell:
"Wyandotte ( iovernment. A Short Study of Tribal Society."

Statistical Data

)'car

\i eeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

Member

1 87 1

Indianapolis, bid.

196

107

668

1872

Dubuque, rpwa

164

ICI

610

[873

Portland, Me.

195

146

670

[874

Hartford, Conn.

224

[65

722

1X75

Detroit, Mich.

165

136

807

1876

Buffalo. X. Y.

-'•5

N7

867

[877

Nashville, Tenn.

' 73

78*

953

1878

St. Louis, Mo.

134

i"3

<j()2

1X7' >

Saiatoga Springs, X. Y. 256

136

1030

1880

Boston, Mass.

997

276

•555

Epidemic of yellow fever in Southern States was "alarming.'

28 The Period from 1881 to 1890

V. THE PERIOD FROM 1881 TO 1890

The advancements of science during this period were of the same gen-
eral nature as those in the preceding decade — the completion by observation
and experiment of the implications of earlier general theories, such as those
of spectrum analysis, uniformitarianism in geology, evolution in biology, the
conservation of energy, etc. There were, however, several scientific achieve-
ments of the first order of importance, such as Hertz's experimental verifica-
tion of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, the Michelson-Morley ether drift
experiment in 1887, Pasteur's conquering of rabies, Koch's work in Berlin,
development of aseptic surgery by Lister, discovery of the structure and
mode of division of germ cells by Flemming (1882) and Waldeyer (1888),
Weismann's theory of heredity through the continuity of the germ-plasm,
and the discovery of the existence of vitamins.

Presidential Addresses

L. H. Morgan (geology), retiring president at the meeting held in Cin-
nati, Ohio, in August, 1881, was unable to deliver an address because of
age and infirmities.

George J. Brush (mineralogy) delivered his address as retiring president
of the Association at the meeting held in Montreal, Canada, in August, 1882,
on "A Sketch of the Progress of American Mineralogy." (Vol. 31, pp.
1-20.)

J. W. Dawson (geology) delivered his address as retiring president of
the Association at the meeting held at Minneapolis, Minn., in August, 1883.
The title of the address was "On Some Unsolved Problems in Geology."
After sketching the unsolved problems relating to the origin of various
series of rocks, he covered similarly the succession of life forms and con-
cluded with references to glaciation. (Vol. 32, pp. 1-27.)

. . . Geology as a science scarcely dates from a century ago. We have reason for
surprise in these circumstances, that it has learned so much, but for equal surprise that
so many persons appear to think it a complete and full-grown science and that it is
entitled to speak with confidence on all the great mysteries of the earth that have been
hidden from the generations before us. Such being the newness of man and of his
science of the earth, it is not too much to say that humility, hard work in collecting
facts, and abstinence from hasty generalization should characterize geologists, at least
for a few generations to come.

Charles A. Young (astronomy) delivered his address as retiring presi-
dent of the Association at the meeting held at Philadelphia, Pa., in Septem-
ber, 1884, on "Pending Problems in Astronomy." (Vol. 33, pp. 1-27.)

J. P. Lesley (geology) delivered his address as retiring president at the
meeting held at Ann Arbor, Mich., in August, 1885. He gave the address

The Period from 1881 to 1890 29

no formal title, but discussed defects in attitudes and methods of scientists.
(Vol. 34, pp. 1 -2 1.)

H. A. Newton (mathematics) delivered his address as retiring president
at the meeting held at Buffalo, New York, in August, 1886. Although there
was no formal title to his address, the subject was Meteorites. (Vol. 35, pp.
1-18.)

E. S. Morse (zoology), retiring president at the meeting held at New
York in August, 1887, delivered an address without formal title, but the
general subject was Variation. (Vol. 36, pp. I_ 43-)

S. P. Langley (physics), at the meeting held at Cleveland, Ohio, in
August, 1888, delivered his address as retiring president on "The History of
a Doctrine" (radiant energy). (Vol. 37, pp. 1-23.)

J. W. Powell (geology) chose as the subject for his address as retiring
president at the meeting held at Toronto, Ontario, in August, 1889, "Evolu-
tion of Music from Dance to Symphony." (Vol. 38, pp. 1-21.)

T. C. Mendenhall (physics), retiring president at the meeting held in
Indianapolis, Ind., in August, 1890, delivered his retiring presidential ad-
dress on "The Relations of Men of Science to the General Public." (Vol.
39, pp. 1-15.)

Addresses of Vice Presidents of Sections and of Others 1

The Cincinnati Meeting, August, 188 1. ( Vol. 50)

1. Address of chairman of Subsection of Entomology. John G. Morris
(historical).

2. Address of chairman of Subsection of Anthropology. Garrick Mallery :
"The Gesture Speech of Man."

3. A Lawgiver of the Stone Age. Horatio Hale.

At this meeting the Standing Committee voted that beginning with the
following meeting only abstracts of papers (other than those of officers)
would be printed in the Proceedings, except in special cases in which a sec-
tion might request that a paper be printed in full.

After this meeting the work of the Association was carried on in nine
sections, each with a vice president, one of whose duties was to deliver an
address to the section over which he presided. The nine sections were :
Mathematics and Astronomy (A), Physics (B), Chemistry (C), Mechan-
ical Science (D), Geology and Geography (E), Biology (F), Histology and
Microscopy (G), Anthropology (H), and Economic Science and Statistics

(I)-

The Montreal Meeting, August, 1882. {Vol. 31)

Mathematics and Astronomy. William Harkness (distance to the sun).

1 When an address had no formal title its general subject is indicated in parentheses.

30 The Period erom 1881 to 1890

Physics* T. G. Mendenhall (advancement of physics).

Chemistry. H. Carrington Bolton : "Chemical Literature."
Mechanical Science. W. P. Trowbridge (engineering).
Biology. William H. Dall (mollusks).
Histology and Microscopy. A. H. Tuttle ( microscopes ) .
Anthropology. Daniel Wilson: "Some Physical Characteristics of Na-
tive Tribes of Canada."

The Minneapolis Meeting, August, 1883. ( I'ol. 32)

Mathematics and Astronomy. W. A. Rogers : "The German Survey of
the Northern Heavens."

Physics. Henry A. Rowland : "A Plea for Pure Science."
Geology and Geography- C. H. Hitchcock : "The Earl)- History of the
North American Continent."

Biology. W. J. Beal : "Agriculture: Its Needs and Opportunities."
Anthropology. Otis T. Mason : 'The Scope and Value of Anthropologi-
cal Studies."

Economic Science and Statistics. Franklin P. Hough: "The Methods of
Statistics."

The Philadelphia Meeting, September, 1884. ( J'ul. 33)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Henry T. Eddy: "College Mathematics."
Physics. John Trowbridge: "What Ts Electricity?"
Chemistry. John W. Langley: "The Conception of Chemical Affinity."
Mechanical Science. Robert H. Thurston: 'The Mission of Science."
Geology and Geography. N. PI. Winchell: "The Crystalline Rocks of

the Northwest."

Biology. Edward D. Cope: "On Catagenesis."

Histology and Microscopy. T. G. Wormley: "The Applications of the

Microscope."

Anthropology. Edward S. Morse: "Man in the Tertiaries."

Economic Science and Statistics. John Eaton : "Scientific Method and

Scientific Knowledge in Common Affairs."

The Ann . trbor Meeting, . lugust, 1885. < / '0/. 34)

Chemistry. William Ripley Nichols: "Chemistry in the Service of Pub-
lic Health."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. J. Burkitt Webb: "The Second
Law of Thermodynamics."

Geology and Geography. Edward Orton (geological problems).

Biology. Burt G. Wilder: "Educational Museums of Vertebrates."

Histology and Microscopy. Simon Henry Gage: "The Limitations and

The Period from i88i to iN</> 31

Value of Histological Investigation, illustrated by a Consideration of the

Structure of a Respiratory Membrane in the Pharynx of Soft-Shelled

Turtles. "

Anthropology. William II. Dall : "The Native Tribes of Alaska."
Economic Science and Statistics. Edward Atkinson: 'The Application

of Science to the Production and Consumption of Food."

The Buffalo Meeting, August, 1886. (Vol. 35)

Mathematics and Astronomy. J. Willard Gibbs : "Multiple Algebra."

Physics. C. F. Brackett : "The Flectromotive Force of the Voltaic Cell."

Chemistry. Harvey \Y. Wiley: "The Economic Aspects of Agricultural
Chemistry."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. O. Chanute : "Scientific Inven-
tion."

Geology and Geography. T. C. Chamberlin : "An Inventory of our
Glacial Drift."

Biology. H. P. Powditch: "What Is Xerve-F'orce?"

Anthropology. Horatio Hale: "The Origin of Panguages, and the
Antiquity of Speaking Man."

Fconomic Science and Statistics. Joseph Cummings : "Capitalists and
Laborers."

The \ r ew York Meeting, August, 1887. (Vol. 36)

Physics. W. A. Anthony (value of applications of science).

Chemistry. A. B. Prescott : "The Chemistry of Nitrogen as Disclosed
in the Constitution of the Alkaloids."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. E. B. Coxe (engineers).

Geology and Geography. G. K. Gilbert : "The Work of the International
Congress of Geologists" ( at Berlin in 1885).

Biology. William G. Farlovv : "Vegetable Parasites and Evolution."

Anthropology. Daniel G. Brinton : "A Review of the Data for the Study
of the Prehistoric Chronology of America."

Economic Science and Statistics. Henry E. Alvord: "Economy in the
Management of the Soil."

The Cleveland Meeting, August, 1888. {Vol. 37)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Orniorid Stone: "Motions of the Solar

System."

Physics. Albert A. Michelson : "A Plea for Light Waves."

Chemistry. Charles E. Munroe : "Some Phases in the Progress of

Chemistry."

3 2 The Period from 1881 to 1890

Geology and Geography. George H. Cook : "On the International Geo-
logical Congress, and Our Part in It as American Geologists."

Biology. Charles V. Riley: "On the Causes of Variation in Organic
Forms."

Anthropology. Charles C. Abbott: "Evidences of the Antiquity of Man
in Eastern North America."

Economic Science and Statistics. Charles W. Smiley: "Altruism Con-
sidered Economically."

The Toronto Meeting, August, i88p. (Vol. 38)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Robert Simpson Woodward : "The Math-
ematical Theories of the Earth."

Physics. Henry S. Carhart : "Review of Theories of Electrical Action."

Chemistry. William L. Dudley : "The Nature of Amalgams."

Geology and Geography. Charles A. White: "The North American
Mesozoic."

Biology. George L. Goodale: "Some Recent Investigations Relative to
Cell-Contents."

Anthropology. Garrick Mallery: "Israelite and Indian. A Parallel in
Planes of Culture."

Economic Science and Statistics. Charles S. Hill : "Economic and So-
ciologic Relations of the Canadian States and the United States, Prospec-
tively Considered."

The Indianapolis Meeting, August, 1890. ( Vol. 39)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Seth Carlo Chandler: "The Variable
Stars."

Physics. Cleveland Abbe: "A Plea for Terrestrial Physics."

Chemistry. Robert B. Warder : "Recent Theories of Geometrical Isomer-

ism."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. James E. Denton: "History of
Attempts to Determine the Relative Value of Lubricants by Mechanical
Tests."

Geology and Geography. John C. Branner : "The Relations of the State
and National Geological Surveys to Each Other and to the Geologists of
the Country."

Biology. Charles Sedgwick Minot : "On Certain Phenomena of Grow-
ing Old."

Anthropology. Frank Baker: "The Ascent of Man."

Economic Science and Statistics. J. Richard Dodge: "The Standard of
Living in the United States."

The Period from 1891 to 1900 33

Statistical Data

Year

1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

Membership

Cincinnati

500

182

1699

Montreal

579

255

1922

Minneapolis

328

168

2033

Philadelphia

1 261

305

1981

Ann Arbor

364

184

1956

Buffalo

445

217

1886

New York

729

250

1956

Cleveland

342

215

1964

Toronto

424

211

1952

Indianapolis

364

244

1944

VI. THE PERIOD FROM 1891 TO 1900

There were several scientific discoveries of the first order of importance
during the decade from 1891 to 1900, inclusive. Perhaps the first that
should be mentioned was Ostwald's discovery, in 1892, of the profound
nature of Gibb's paper "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances,"
published in 1877. In 1894 Bateson found that a great number of exam-
ples of large variations in living organisms seemed to indicate that evolu-
tion proceeds by finite jumps rather than gradually, as had generally been
believed, and de Vries announced his mutation theory at about the close of
the decade. In 1895 Roentgen discovered X-rays. The life history of the
malarial parasite was worked out by Ross in 1898, and Reed demonstrated
the mode of transmission of yellow fever in 1900. Naturally these impor-
tant scientific discoveries had little immediate effect upon the meetings of
the Association.

Presidential Addresses

George Lincoln Goodale (botany), retiring president at the meeting held
in Washington, D. C, in August, 1891, delivered an address on "Useful
Plants of the Future — Some of the Possibilities of Economic Botany." (Vol.
40, pp. 1-38.)

Albert B. Prescott (chemistry) chose as the subject for his address as
retiring president at the meeting held in Rochester, N. Y., in August, 1892,
"The Immediate Work in Chemical Science." (Vol. 41, pp. 1-14.)

Joseph LeConte (geology), retiring president at the meeting held at
Madison, Wisconsin, in August, 1893, delivered an address on "Theories
of the Origin of Mountain Ranges." (Vol. 42, pp. 1-27.)

William Harkness (astronomy) delivered his address as retiring presi-
dent of the meeting held at Brooklyn, N. Y., in August, 1894, on "The Mag-
nitude of the Solar System. (Vol. 43, pp. 1-23.)

Daniel G. Brinton (anthropology), retiring president at the meeting held

34 The Period from 1891 to 1900

at Springfield, Mass., in August-September, 1895, delivered an address on
"The Aims of Anthropology." (Vol. 44, pp. 1-17. )

Edward W. Morley (chemistry), retiring president at the meeting held
at Buffalo, New York, in August, 1896, delivered an address on "A Com-
pleted Chapter in the History of the Atomic Theory." (Vol. 45, pp. 1-22.)

Theodore Gill (zoology), successor, as senior vice president, to Edward
D. Cope, president, who died on April 12, 1897, by action of the Council
"was requested to prepare an address to take the place of the one which
would have been delivered by President Cope had his life been spared,"
chose for the subject of his retiring address at the meeting held at Detroit,
Michigan, in August, 1897, "Edward Drinker Cope, Naturalist — A Chapter
in the History of Science." ( Vol. 46, pp. 1-30.)

Walcott Gibbs (chemistry), retiring president at the meeting held at
Poston, Mass., in August, 1898, did not announce a formal title for his ad-
dress but spoke on "some theoretical points connected" with his work. (Vol.
47. PP- i -16.)

Erederic Ward Putnam (anthropology), retiring president at the meet-
ing held at Columbus, Ohio, in August. 1899. in his address spoke on "A
Problem in American Anthropology.'" ( Vol. 48. pp. 1-17.)

Grove Karl Gilbert (geology), successor to Edward Urton who died Oc-
tober 16, 1899, chose for the subject of his address as retiring president at
the meeting held in Xew York, X. Y., in June, 1900, ''Rhythms and Geo-
logic Time." ( Vol. 49, pp. 1 -[9.)

Addressesof Vice Presidents

The Washington Meeting, August, 1891. 1 Vol. 40)

Mathematics and Astronomy. E. W. Hyde : "The Evolution of Algebra."

Physics. Erancis E. Xipher : "The Ether."

Chemistry. R. C. Kedzie : "Alchemy."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. Thomas Gray: "Problems in Me-
chanical Science."

Geology and Geography. John J. Stevenson: "The Chemung and Cats-
kill (Upper Devonian) on the Eastern Side of the Appalachian Pasin."

Biology. John M. Coulter: "The Future of Systematic Botany."

Anthropology. Joseph Jastrow : "The Natural History of Analog}."

Economic Science and Statistics. Edmund J. James: "The Farmer and
Taxation."

The Rochester Meeting, August, iSgj. (Vol. ji)

Mathematics and Astronomy. J. R. Eastman: "The Neglected Field of
Fundamental Astronomy."

The Period from 1891 to i<po 35

Physics. Benjamin F. Thomas: "Technical Education in Colleges and
Universities.?'

Chemistry. Alfred Springer: "The Micro-organisms of the Soil."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. John P>. Johnson: "The Applied
Scientist."

Geology and Geography. Henry S. Williams: "The Scope of Paleontol-
ogy and Its Value to Geologists."

Biology: Simon Henry Gage.! "The Comparative Physiology of Respira-
tion."

Anthropology. \V. H. Holmes: "Evolution of the Aesthetic."

Economic Science and Statistics. Lester P. Ward : "The Psychologic
Pasis of Social Economics."

The Madison Meeting, August, 1893. (Y°h 4 2 )
Mathematics and Astronomy. C. P. Doolittle : "Variations of Latitude."
1 'hysics. E. L. Nichols : "Phenomena of the Time-Infinitesimal."
Chemistry. Edward Hart: "Twenty-five Years' Progress in Analytical
Chemistry."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. S. \Y. Robinson: "Training in
Pmgineering Science."

Geology and Geography. Charles D. Walcott : "Geologic Time : as Indi-
cated by the Sedimentary Rocks of Xorth America."

Zoology. Henry Eairheld Osborn : "The Rise of the Mammalia in Xorth
America."

Botany. Charles E. Bessey : "Evolution and Classification."
Anthropology. James Owen Dorsey : "The Biloxi Indians of Louisiana."
Economic Science and Statistics. \Y. H. Brewer: "The Mutual Rela-
tions of Science and Stock Breeding."

The Brooklyn Meeting, August, 189 7. ( J'ol. yj)

Mathematics and Astronomy. George C. Comstock: "Binary Stars."
Physics. William A. Rogers : "Obscure Heat as an Agent in Producing
Expansion in Metals, under Air Contact."

Chemistry. Thomas H. Norton: "The Battle with Firej or the Contribu-
tions of Chemistry to the Methods of Preventing and Extinguishing Con-
flagration."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. Mansfield Merriman : "The Re-
sistance of Materials under Impact."

Geology and Geography. Samuel Calvin: "The Niobrara Chalk."
Botany. Lucien M. Underwood: "The Evolution of the Hepaticae."
Anthropology. Franz Boast "'Human Faculty as Determined by Race."
Economic Science and Statistics. Henry Farquhar : "A Stable Monetarv
Standard."

36 The Period from 1891 to 1900

The Springfield, Mass., Meeting, Aug. -Sept., 1895. (Vol. 44)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Edgar Frisby. (No address.)
Physics. W. LeConte Stevens : "Recent Progress in Optics."
Chemistry. William McMurtrie: "The Relations of the Industries to
the Advancement of Chemical Science."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. William Kent: "The Relation of
Engineering to Economics."

Botany. J. C. Arthur : "Development of Vegetable Physiology."
Anthropology. Frank Hamilton Cushing: "The Arrow."
Social and Economic Science. B. E. Fernow : "The Providential Func-
tions of Government with Special Reference to Natural Resources."

The Buffalo Meeting, August, 1896. (Vol. 45)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Alexander Macfarlane. (No address.)

Physics. Carl Leo Mees (electrolysis).

Chemistry. William A. Noyes: "The Achievements of Physical Chemis-
try."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. Frank O. Marvin : "The Artistic
Element in Engineering."

Geology and Geography. Benjamin K. Emerson: "Geological Myths."

Zoology. Theodore Gill : "Some Questions of Nomenclature."

Botany. N. L. Britton: "Botanical Gardens."

Anthropology. Alice C. Fletcher : "The Emblematic Use of the Tree in
the Dakotan Group."

Social and Economic Science. W. R. Lazenby : "Horticulture and
Health."

The Detroit Meeting, August, 1897. ( Vol. 46)

Mathematics and Astronomy. W. W. Beman : "A Chapter in the His-
tory of Mathematics."

Physics. Carl Barus : "Long Range Temperature and Pressure Va-
riables in Physics."

Chemistry. W. P. Mason : "Expert Testimony."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. John Galbraith : "The Ground-
work of Dynamics."

Geology and Geography. I. C. White : "The Pittsburg Coal Bed."
Zoology. L. O. Howard : "The Spread of Land Species by the Agency
of Man ; with Especial Reference to Insects."

Botany. G. F. Atkinson : "Experimental Morphology."
Anthropology. W. J. McGee: "The Science of Humanity."
Social and Economic Science. R. T. Colburn : "Improvident Civiliza-
tion."

The Period from 1891 to 1900 37

The Boston Meeting, August, 1898. {Vol. 47)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Edward E. Barnard : "The Development
of Photography in Astronomy."

Physics. Frank P. Whitman : "Color- Vision."

Chemistry. Edgar F. Smith : "The Electric Current in Organic Chem-
istry."

Geology and Geography. Herman L. Fairchild : "Glacial Geology in
America."

Zoology. Alpheus S. Packard : "A Half-Century of Evolution with Spe-
cial Reference to the Effects of Geological Changes on Animal Life."

Botany. William G. Farlow : "The Conception of Species as Affected by
Recent Investigations on Fungi."

Anthropology. J. McKeen Cattell : "The Advance of Psychology."

Social and Economic Science. Archibald Blue : "The Historic Method
in Economics."

The Columbus Meeting, August, 1899. (Vol. 48)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Alexander Macfarlane: "The Funda-
mental Principles of Algebra."

Physics. Elihu Thomson: "The Field of Experimental Research."

Chemistry. F. P. Venable : "The Definition of the Element."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. Storm Bull: "Engineering Edu-
cation as a Preliminary Training for Scientific Research Work."

Geology and Geography. J. F. Whiteaves : "The Devonian System in
Canada."

Zoology. Simon Henry Gage : "The Importance and the Promise in the
Study of the Domestic Animals."

Botany. Charles R. Barnes: "The Progress and Problems of Plant
Physiology."

Anthropology. Thomas Wilson : "The Beginnings of the Science of
Prehistoric Anthropology."

Social and Economic Science. Marcus Benjamin : "The Early Presi-
dents of the American Association."

The New York Meeting, June, 1900. (Vol. 49)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Asaph Hall, Jr. "On the Teaching of
Astronomy in the United States."

Physics. Ernest Merritt : "On Kathode Rays and Some Related Phe-
nomena."

Chemistry. Jas. Lewis Howe : "The Eighth Group of the Periodic Sys-
tem and Some of Its Problems."

3$ Thk Period from 1901 to 1910

Geology and Geography. J. F. Kemp: "Pr.e-Cambrian Sediments in the

Adirondack's."

Botany. William Trelease : '"Some Twentieth Century Problems."

Statistical Data

Year

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

Membership

1891

Washington

653

227

2054

1892

Rochester

45''

198

-2037

1893

Madison

290

168

■939

1894

Brooklyn

490

211

1802

1895

Spring-held

368

-'M

•913

1896

Buffalo

333

279

1890

1897

Detroit

292

30i

1782

1898

Boston

903

-143

1729

1899

Columbus

353

273

1 721

1900

New York

447

253

1925

Xll. THE PERIOD FROM 190 1 TO igio

In 1900 the weekly journal Science became the official organ of the Asso-
ciation. Thereafter the principal addresses at the meetings were published
in Science, and since 1907 the Proceedings are simply summaries without
any details of addresses or papers. Partly as a consequence of this arrange-
ment and partly because of a rapid increase in the number of scientists in
America, the membership of the Association increased several fold during
the first decade of this century. The programs of the Association became
correspondingly larger and more important, the growth of the Section on
Chemistry having been extraordinary. It is impossible within the space
available in this volume to do more than to give the titles of the addresses
of the presidents and the vice presidents.

Special summer meetings were held at Ithaca, X. Y.. June-July. 1906. at
which 66 papers were presented, and at Hanover, X. H.. June-July, 1908,
at which 25 papers were presented.

Presidential Addresses

R. S. Woodward (mathematics), retiring president at the meeting held
at Denver, Colorado, in August, 1901, delivered an address on "The Prog-
ress of Science." (Vol. 50, pp. 219-235.)

Charles Sedgwick Minot (medicine), retiring president at the meeting
held at Pittsburg, Pa., in June-July, 1902, delivered an address on "The
Problem of Consciousness in Its Biological Aspects." ( Vol. 51, pp. 265-
-'83.)

Asaph Hall I astronomy ), retiring president at the meeting held at Wash-

Tin-; Period from 1901 to 1910 39

ington, 1). C, Dec, 1902 - Jan., 1903, delivered an address on "The Science
of Astronomy." (Vol. 52, pp. 313-323.)

Ira Remsen (chemistry), retiring president at the meeting held at St.
Louis, Mo., Dee., 1903 -Jan., 1904, delivered an address on ''Scientific
Investigation and Progress." ( Vol. 53. pp. 329-345. )

Carroll D. Wright (economics), retiring president at the meeting held at
Philadelphia, Pa., December, 1904, delivered an address on "Science and
Economics." 1 Vol. 54. pp. 335^365,)

W. ( T Farlow (botany), retiring president at the meeting held at New
Orleans, Louisiana, Dec, [905;- Jan., 1906, delivered an address on "The
Popular Conception of the Scientific Man at the Present Day." ( Vol. 55,
pp. 213-234.)

Calvin M. Woodward (mathematics), retiring president at the meeting
held in New York, New York, Dec, 1906 - Jan., 1907, delivered an address
on "The Science of Education." ( Vol. 57, pp. 335-355-)

William Henry Welch (medicine), retiring president at the meeting held
at Chicago, 111., Dec, 1907 - Jan., 1908, delivered an address on "The Inter-
dependence of Medicine and Other Sciences of Nature." Science 27:49-64.

Edward L. Nichols (physics), retiring president at the meeting held at
Baltimore, Md.. Dec, 1908 - Jan.. 1909, delivered an address on "Science
and the Practical Problems of the Future." Science 29:1-10.

Thomas C. Chamberlin (geology), retiring president at the meeting" held
at Boston, Mass., Dec, 1909 - Jan., 1910, delivered an address on "A (ieo-
logie Forecast of the Future Opportunities of Our Race." Science 30:937-

949-

Addresses of Vice Presidents

The Denver Meeting, August, ipoi. Vol. (jo)
Chemistry. John 11. Long: "Some Points in the Early History and
Present Condition of the Teaching of Chemistry in the Medical Schools of
the United States."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. John A. Brashear : "The Car-
negie Technical School."

Zoologv. Charles B. Davenport : "Zoology of the Twentieth Century."
Anthropology. Amos W. I hitler: "A Notable Factor of Social Degen-
eration."

Social and Economic Science. Calvin M. Woodward. "The Change of
Front in Education."

The Pittsburgh Meeting, June-July, ipo2. ( Vol. 5/)

Mathematics and Astronomy. James McMahon : "Some Recent Appli-
cations of Function-Theory to Physical Problems."

40 The Period from 1901 to 19 10

Physics. D. B. Brace: "The Group- Velocity and the Wave-Velocity of
Light."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. Henry S. Jacoby: "Recent Prog-
ress in American Bridge Construction."

Geology and Geography. Charles R. Van Hise : "The Training and
Work of a Geologist."

Zoology. David Starr Jordan : "The History of Ichthyology."

Botany. B. T. Galloway : "Applied Botany, Retrospective and Prospec-
tive."

Anthropology. J. Walter Fewkes : "Prehistoric Porto Rico."

Social and Economic Science. John Hyde: "Some Statistical and Eco-
nomic Aspects of Preventable Disease."

The Washington Meeting, Dec, 1902- Jan., 1903. (Vol. 52)

Mathematics and Astronomy. G. W. Hough: "On the Physical Con-
stitution of the Planet Jupiter."

Physics. W. S. Franklin: "Popular Science."
Chemistry. H. A. Weber : "Incomplete Observations."
Mechanical Science and Engineering. J. J. Flather: "Modern Tend-
encies in the Utilization of Power."

Zoology. C. C. Nutting : "The Perplexities of a Systematist."
Botany. D. H. Campbell : "The Origin of Terrestrial Plants."
Anthropology. Stewart Culin: "America the Cradle of Asia."
Social and Economic Science. Carroll D. Wright : "The Psychology of
the Labor Question."

Physiology and Experimental Medicine. William H. Welch : "The Origin
and Aims of the New Section of Physiology and Experimental Medicine."

The St. Louis Meeting, Dec., 1903- Jan., 1904. (Vol. 53)

Mathematics and Astronomy. G. B. Halsted : "The Message of Non-
Euclidian Geometry."

Chemistry. Charles Baskerville : "The Elements : Verified and Un-
verified."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. C. A. Waldo: "Mathematics and
Engineering."

Geology and Geography. W. M. Davis: "Geography in the United
States."

Zoology. C. W. Hargitt : "Some Unsolved Problems of Organic Adapta-
tion."

Social and Economic Science. H. T. Newcomb : "Some Recent Phases
of the Labor Problem."

The Period from 1901 to 1910 41

The Philadelphia Meeting, December, 1904. ( Vol. 54)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Otto H. Tittmann: "The Present State
of Geodosy."

Physics. Edwin H. Hall : "A Tentative Theory of Thermo-Electric Ac-
tion."

Chemistry. Wilder D. Bancroft : "Future Development in Physical
Chemistry."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. Calvin Milton Woodward : "Lines
of Progress in Engineering."

Geology and Geography. Israel C. Russell : "Cooperation among Amer-
ican Geographical Societies."

Zoology. E. L. Mark: "The Bermuda Islands and the Bermuda Bio-
logical Station for Research."

Botany. Thomas H. Macbride : "The Alamogordo Desert."

Social and Economic Science. Simeon E. Baldwin : "The Modern 'Droit
D'Aubaine'."

The New Orleans Meeting, Dec., 1905 - Jan., 1906. ( Vol. 55)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Alexander Ziwet: "The Relation of Me-
chanics to Physics."

Physics. William F. Magie : "The Partition of Energy."

Chemistry. Leonard P. Kinnicutt : "The Sanitary Value of Water
x\nalysis."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. D. S. Jacobus: "Investigations
and Commercial Tests in Connection with the Work of an Engineering
College."

Geology and Geography. Eugene A. Smith : "On Some Post-Eocene and
Other Formations of the Gulf Region of the United States."

Zoology. C. Hart Merriam : "Is Mutation a Factor in the Evolution of
the Higher Vertebrates?"

Botany. B. L. Robinson : "The Generic Concept in the Classification of
the Flowering Plants."

Anthropology. Walter Hough : "Pueblo Environment."

Social and Economic Science. Martin A. Knapp : "Transportation and
Combination."

Physiology and Experimental Medicine. William T. Sedgwick : "The
Experimental Method in Sanitary Science and Sanitary Administration."

The New York City Meeting, Dec, 1906 - Jan., 1907. (Vol. 57)

Mathematics and Astronomy. W. S. Eichelberger : "Clocks — Ancient
and Modern."

Physics. Henry Crew : "Fact and Theory in Spectroscopy."

42 The Period from 1901 to 1910

Chemistry. Charles F. Mabery: "Education of the Professional Chemist."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. F. W. McXair: "Some Problems
Connected with Deep Mining in the Lake Superior Copper District."

Geology and Geography. William Xorth Rice : "The Contributions of
America to Geology."

Zoology. Henry B. Ward: "The Influence of Parasitism on the Host."

Anthropology. George Grant MacCurdy: "Some Phases of Prehistoric
Archaeology."

Social and Economic Science. Irving Fisher: "Why Has the Doctrine
of Laissez Faire Been Abandoned?"

Physiology and Experimental Medicine. William T. Sedgwick: "The
Expansion of Physiology."

The Chicago Meeting, Dec, igO/ - Jan., 1908. (Science 2J. igoS) 1

Mathematics and Astronomy. Edward Kasner : "Geometry and Me-
chanics." ( Publication not known. )

Physics. Wallace C. Sabine: "Melody and the Origin of the Musical
Scale."

Chemistry. Clifford Richardson : "A Plea for the Broader Education of
the Chemical Engineer."

Geology and Geography. A. C. Lane: "The Early Surroundings of
Life." Science 26.

Zoology. Edwin G. Conklin : "The Mechanism of Heredity."

Botany. D. T. MacDougal : "Heredity and Environic Forces."

Anthropology and Psychology. A. L. Kroeber : "The Anthropology of
California."

Social and Economic Science. Charles A. Conant: "The Influence of
Friction in Economics."

Physiology and Experimental Medicine. Simon Flexner : "Tendencies
in Pathology."

Education. Elmer Ellsworth Brown : "The Outlook of the Section for
Education."

The Baltimore Meeting, Dec, igo8 - Jan., igog. (Science 20. ipop)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Edgar Odell Lovett : "The Problem of
Several Bodies: Recent Progress in Its Solution."

Physics. Dayton C. Miller: "The Influence of the Material of Wind In-
struments on the Tone Quality."

Chemistry. Henry P. Talbot : "Science Teaching as a Career."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. Olin H. Landreth : "Government
Control of Public Waters." ( No record of publication. )

1 Unless otherwise stated, the addresses listed are printed in the indicated volumes of Science.

The Period from kjol to 19 10 43

Geology and Geography. Joseph I'. hidings: "The Study of Igneous
Rocks."

Zoology. Edmund I'.. Wilson: "Recent Researches on the Determina-
tion and Heredity of Sex."

Botany. Charles Edwin Bessey: "The Phyletic Idea in Taxonomy."

Anthropology and Psychology. Franz Boas: "Race Problems in Amer-

ft
ica.

Social and Economic Science. John Franklin Crowell : "The Influence
of Science upon the Progress of Investment."

Physiology and Experimental Medicine. Ludvig Hektoen : "Opsonins
and Other Antibodies."

Education. Elmer Ellsworth Brown; "American Standards in Educa-
tion and the World-Standard."

The Boston Meeting, Dee., ipop-'Jaii., iqio. (Seienee 51. ipio)

Mathematics and Astronomy. Cassius J. Keyset' : 'The Thesis of Mod-
ern Eogistic."

Physics. Karl Eugcn Guthe: "Some Reforms Needed in the Teaching
of Physics."

Chemistry. Louis Kahle.nberg: "The Past and Future of the Study of
Solutions."

Mechanical Science and Engineering. George E. Swain: "The Profes-
sion of Engineering and Its Relation to the American Association for the
Advancement of Science."

Geology and Geography. Bailey Willis: "Principles of Paleogeography."

Zoology. C. Judson Herrick: "The Evolution of Intelligence and Its
Organs."

Botany. Herbert M. Richards: "The Nature of Response to Chemical
Stimulation."

Anthropology and Psychology. R. S. Woodworth: "Racial Differences
in Mental Traits."

Social and Economic Science. Byron \\ r . Holt: "The Gold Question."
( Moody's magazine, 1 oj o. )

Physiology and Experimental Medicine. William H. Howell: "Chemi-
cal Regulation in the Animal Body by Means of Activators, Kinases and
Hormones."

Education. John Dewey : "Science as a Method of Thinking and as In-
formation in Education,"

44 The Period from 191 i to 1920

Statistical Data

Year

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

Membership

1901

Denver

3ii

220

2703

1902

Pittsburgh

435

360

3474

1902-3

Washington

975

426

3992

1903-4

St. Louis

385

264

4005

1904-S

Philadelphia

890

224

4041

1905-6

New Orleans

233

211

4321

1906-7

New York

934

360

4498

1907-8

Chicago

725

458

51 14

1908-9

Baltimore

1088

459

6136

1909-10

Boston

1 140

404

7950

VIII. THE PERIOD FROM 191 1 TO 1920

From the founding of the Association in 1848 until the year 1909 the
Proceedings of its meetings were published in annual volumes. For many
years the Proceedings contained all papers in full for which manuscripts
were supplied to the permanent secretary. As the number of papers in-
creased it became necessary to reduce reports of them to abstracts, except
the addresses of retiring presidents. Beginning with 1908 the addresses of
retiring presidents have been published in Science and have not been in-
cluded in the Proceedings. Since 19 10 both preliminary announcements and
reports of the meetings have been published in Science, and copies of the
issues of Science containing the reports have been sent to every member of
the Association.

With the publication in Science of the addresses of the retiring presi-
dents of the Association and of most of the vice presidents, and also of many
other papers presented at the meetings, the importance of the Proceedings
as a medium for the publication of addresses and papers declined. There-
after the reports of the programs of the meetings were given only in con-
densed form. For example, the Proceedings for 1885, containing a report
of the only (Philadelphia) meeting held that year, amounted to 736 pages;
while the Proceedings for 1908 and 1909, including condensed reports of
three meetings, namely, a special summer meeting in Hanover, N. H., in
1908, the annual meeting held in Baltimore, Dec, 1908 - Jan., 1909, and also
the meeting held in Boston, in December, 1909, totaled only 686 pages.

As a consequence of these various factors, beginning with 1912 the Pro-
ceedings have been published only in summarized form, each volume cover-
ing a period of several years. The second Summarized Proceedings were
published in 1915, the third in 1921, the fourth in 1925, the fifth in 1929,
and the sixth in 1934.

In 191 5 the Pacific Division of the Association was organized and held
its first annual meeting at San Diego, Calif,, in August. 1916. The South-
western Division was organized in 1920,

The Period from 191 i to 1920 45

Addresses of Retiring Presidents

1910. David Starr Jordan (zoology) : "The Making of a Darwin."
Science 32 : 929-942.

191 1. Albert A. Michelson (physics): "Recent Progress in Spectro-
scopic Methods." Science 34 : 893-902.

1912. Charles E. Bessey (botany) : "Some of the Next Steps in Botani-
cal Science." Science 37: 1-13.

1913. Edward C. Pickering (astronomy) : "The Study of the Stars."
Science 39: 1-9.

1914. Edmund B. Wilson (zoology) : "Some Aspects of Progress in
Modern Zoology." Science 41 : 1-11.

1915. Charles W. Eliot (education) : "The Fruits, Prospects and Les-
sons of Recent Biological Science." Science 42 : 919-930.

1916. Wallace W. Campbell (astronomy): "The Nebulae." Science 45 :

513-548.

1917. Charles R. Van Hise (geology) : "Some Economic Aspects of the

World War." Science 47 : 1-10.

19 1 8. Theodore W. Richards (chemistry) : "The Problem of Radio-
active Lead." Science 49: 1-1 1.

1919. John M. Coulter (botany) : "The Evolution of Botanical Re-
search." Science 51 : 1-8.

1920. Simon Flexner (medicine) : "Twenty-five Years of Bacteriology:
A Fragment of Medical Research." Science 52 : 615-632.

Addresses of Retiring Presidents — The Pacific Division

1919. D. T. MacDougal (botany) : "Growth in Organisms." Science

49: 599-605.

1920. John C. Merriam (paleontology) : "The Research Spirit in Every-
day Life of the Average Man." Science 52 : 473-478.

Statistical Data
Year Meeting Place Registration Papers Read Membership

1911

Washington

1306

860

8041

1912

Cleveland

720

813

8333

1913

Atlanta

394

443

8350

1914

Philadelphia

774

8325

1915

San Francisco

606

482

1915

Columbus

750

532

1916

New York

2100

1252

1917

Pittsburgh

692

546

1918

Baltimore

467

1919

St. Louis

824

11,442

1920

Chicago

2413

ion

n,547

46 The Period from 1921 to 1940

IX. THE PERIOD FROM 1921 TO 1940

The decade following the World War was one of great expansion in
science and in the membership of the Association. In 1921 a total of 41 na-
tional scientific societies and 12 state and local academies of science had be-
come "affiliated" with the Association and had representation on its Council.
In addition, there were 40 societies and organizations that had become "asso-
ciated." societies, without representation on the Council. At the close of the
fiscal year 1921 there were 11,547 members of the Association ; by 1930 the
membership had increased to 19,059. Following the industrial depression
that began in 1930 there was a moderate recession in the activities of many
scientific societies and in the membership of the Association, which had
declined to 18,549 at the close of the fiscal year 1933. As of July 1, 1940,
the membership of the Association was 21,150.

With the progressive subdivision of science into more specialized fields
there were corresponding increases in the number of sections of the Asso-
ciation. A new constitution of the Association, adopted at the annual meet-
ing for 1919-20, provided for 15 sections, all of which have been contin-
ously active except the Section on Industrial Science (P).

In order to present conveniently, in groups, in one volume the titles of all
the addresses of presidents of the Association from its founding in 1848 to
1940, and. references to the places where they were published, they will be
given here for the period from 1921 to 1940, although from 1921 to 1934
they are included in the Summarized Proceedings published in 192 1, 1925,
1929, and 1934 ; and for the period 1934 to 1940 they appear in the following
detailed reports of the activities of the Association for these years. The titles
of the addresses of vice presidents for the period 192 1 to 1934, having been
given in earlier Summarized Proceedings, are not repeated here. But com-
plete lists of the Sigma Xi, Phi Beta Kappa, Maiben and John Wesley
Powell lectures are given.

At the April, 1925, meeting of the Executive Committee of the Associa-
tion a contract was entered into between Dr. J. McKeen Cattell, owner and
editor of Science, and the Association for the transfer, under certain con-
ditions, of the absolute ownership of Science to the Association. This con-
tract was superseded when, in December, 1938, Dr. J. McKeen Cattell and
Josephine Owen Cattell executed an indenture transferring title of both
Science and The Scientific Monthly to the Association, the terms of the
transfer being defined by a simultaneous contract entered into between
J. McKeen Cattell and Josephine Owen Cattell, parties of the first part, and
the Association. This acquisition of title to Science and The Scientific
Monthly may well prove to be one of the most important steps taken by the
Association since its founding.

The Period from 1921 to 1940 47

Science was established in 1883 by Alexander Graham Bell and Gardner
G. Hubbard, following a short-lived weekly journal with the same title-
started by Thomas A. Edison in 1881. Science attained at the most a paid
circulation of only about 2000 and continually had a deficit. In 1893 the
Association voted it a subsidy of $750. In spite of this assistance it sus-
pended publication with the issue of March 2^,, 1894. At this juncture Dr.
Cattell purchased Science, resumed its publication on January 4, 1895, and
tilled all unexpired subscriptions. This was the beginning of the "New
Series," the issue of June 28, 1940, completing the 91st volume. After the
first year under the ownership of Dr. Cattell, Science neither received nor
sought any subsidies or gifts for its support. In 1900 Science became the
official journal of the Association. Immediately thereafter both the member-
ship of the Association and the circulation of Science rapidly increased.

The Scientific Monthly completed its 50th volume with the June, 1940,
issue. During the entire period of the publication of these 50 volumes Dr.
Cattell was owner and editor of the journal.

Addresses of Retiring Presidents

[921. L. O. Howard (entomology) : "On Some Presidential Addresses;
The War Against the Insects." Science 54 : 641-65 1 .

1922. E. H. Moore (mathematics): ''What Is a Number System?"
(Not published.)

1923. J. Playfair McMurrich (anatomy): "A Retrospect." Science 58:

52I-53I-

1924. Charles D. Walcott (paleontology): "Science and Service."
Science 61 : 1-5.

1925. J. McKeen Cattell (psychology) : "Some Psychological Experi-
ments." Science 63 : 1-8,29-35.

1926. M. T. Pupin (engineering): "Fifty Years' Progress in Electrical
Communications." Science 64: 631-638.

1927. L. H. Bailey ( horticulture). (Retiring president ill and address
not delivered. )

1928. Arthur A. Noyes (chemistry) : "The Story of the Chemical Ele-
ments." Science 69: 19-27. 1929.

1929. Henry F. Osborn ( paleontology ) : 'The Discovery of Tertiary
]\Jan." Science 71 : 1-7. 1930.

1930. Robert A. Millikan (physics): "Present Status of Theory and
Experiment as to Atomic Disintegration and Atomic Synthesis." Science

7i- i-5- 193'-

193 1. Thomas H. Morgan (zoology). (Retiring president ill and ad-
dress not delivered.)

48 The Period from 1921 to 1940

1932. Franz Boas (anthropology) : "The Aims of Anthropological Re-
search." Science 76: 605-613.

I 933- John J. Abel (pharmacology) : "On Poisons and Disease and
Some Experiments with the Toxin of the Bacillus Tetani." Science 79: 63-
70, 121-129.

1934. Henry Norris Russell (astronomy) : "The Atmospheres of the
Planets." Science 81 : 1-9.

1935. Edward L. Thorndike (psychology) : "Science and Values."
Science 83 : 1-8.

1936. Karl T. Compton (physics) : "The Electron: Its Intellectual and
Social Significance." Science 85 : 27-37.

1937. Edwin G. Conklin (zoology) : "Science and Ethics." Science 86:
595-603.

1938. George D. Birkhoi! (mathematics) : "Intuition, Reason and Faith
in Science." Science 88: 601-609.

1939. Wesley C. Mitchell (economics) : "The Public Relations of
Science." Science 90 : 599-607.

Addresses of Retiring Presidents — The Pacific Division

1916. Wallace W. Campbell (astronomy) : "What We Know About
Comets." ( No record of publication.)

19 18. (Record not available.)

1919. D. T. MacDougal (botany) : "Growth of Organisms." Science
49: 599-605.

1920. John C. Merriam (paleontology) : "The Research Spirit in Every-
day Life of the Average Man." Science 52 : 473-478.

1921. William E. Ritter (zoology) : "Scientific Idealism." The Scien-
tific Monthly 13: 328-341.

1922. Barton W. Everman (biology) : "The Conservation and Proper
Utilization of Our Natural Resources." The Scientific Monthly 15 : 289-312.

1923. E. P. Lewis (astronomy) : "The Contributions of Astronomy to
Civilization." Science 58: 405-412.

1924. David Starr Jordan (zoology) : "Science and Sciosophy." Science

59: 563-569-

1925. C. E. Grunsky (engineering) : "The Climate of the Ice Age." Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th Ser. 16: 53-85.

1926. Robert G. Aitken (astronomy) : "The Solar System — Some Un-
solved Problems." Science 64: 191-198.

1927. Arthur A. Noyes (chemistry) : "The Periodic Relations of the
Elements." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 13: 737-743.

1928. C. A. Kofoid (zoology) : "The Luminescence of the Sea." (No
record of publication.)

The Period from 1921 to 1940 49

1929. Walter S. Adams (astronomy) : "The Astronomer's Measuring
Rod." Publications of Astronomical Society of the Pacific 41 : 195-21 1.

1930. Douglas H. Campbell (botany) : "The Origin of Land Plants."
Science 72: 177-187.

1931. T. Wayland Vaughan (geology, anthropology).

1932. A. O. Leuschner (astronomy) : "The Astronomical Romance of
Pluto." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 44.

1933. W. F. Durand (engineering) : "The Development of Our Knowl-
edge of the Laws of Fluid Mechanics." Science 78: 343-351.

1934. Joel H. Hildebrand (chemistry) : "The Liquid State." Science
80: 125-133.

1935. Bailey Willis (geology) : "The Living Globe." Science 82 : 427-

433-

1936. Richard C. Tolman (physical chemistry) : "The Present Status
of Cosmology." The Scientific Monthly 43 : 491-507 ; 44 : 20-40.

1937. Herbert M. Evans (anatomy) : "The Development of Our Knowl-
edge of Anterior Pituitary Functions."

1938. J. S. Plaskett (astronomy) : "Modern Conceptions of the Stellar
System." Popular Astronomy 48, No. 5. 1939.

1939. S. J. Holmes (zoology) : "Darwinian Ethics and Its Practical Ap-
plications." Science 90: 1 17-123. 1939.

1940. Lewis M. Terman (psychology) : "Psychological Approaches to
the Biography of Genius."

Addresses of Retiring Presidents — The Southwestern Division

1920. Edgar L. Hewett (archaeology) : "The Southwest — Yesterday
and Tomorrow." Archaeol. Inst, of Am. New Ser. 2 : 1-8.

1922. A. E. Douglass (astronomy) : "Some Aspects of the Use of the
Annual Rings of Trees in Climatic Study." The Scientific Monthly 15:
1-21.

1923. (Record not available.)

1924. Byron Cummings (archaeology) : "The Development of Prehis-
toric Pueblo Culture."

1925. Elliott C. Prentiss: "The Specific Immunity of the Tissues and
Its Bearing on Treatment." Science 62 : 91-95.

1926. T. D. A. Cockerell (zoology) : "The Duty of Biology." Science

63: 367-37I-

1927. A. L. Flagg (engineering) : "The Search for Metals." (No rec-
ord of publication.)

1929. Forrest Shreve (botany) : "The Desert as a Dwelling Place."

1930. Francis Ramaley (botany) : "Specialization in Science." Science
72 : 325-326.

50 The Period from 1921 to 1940

[932. John D. Glark (chemistry): "A Responsibility of the Scientist
Toward Society."'

1933. Charles T. Yorhies : "Snakes of the Southwest." (Not published.)

1934. O. C. Lester (physics) : "'Research: The Door to Tomorrow."

1935. D. S. Robbins (physics) : "Science and Religion."

1936. Harold S. Colton (archaeology) : "The Rise and hall of the Pre-
historic Population of Northern Arizona." Science 84 : 337-343.

1937. None.

1938. F. E. E. Germann (chemistry) : "The Occurrence of Carbon Di-
oxide, with Notes on the Origin and Relative Importance of Subterranean
Carbon Dioxide." Science 87: 513-521.

1939. Edwin F. Carpenter (astronomy) : "The Revolt Against Thought.*'

1940. J. R. Ever (biology) : "Responsibility of the Scientist in a Chang-
ing World ( )rder."

Statistical Data — Annual Meetings

Membership

Year

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

at Sept. 3$

IQ2I

Toronto

1832

813

11,547

1022

Boston

2339

iciq

1 1 ,646

19-3

Cincinnati

_•_' 1 1

1 140

11,707

1024

Washington

4206

1781

12,887

1 1 )25

Kansas City

1 93 1

985

14,263

1026

Philadelphia

3181

1449

1 4,366

1927

Nashville

166 j

1 141

14,862

1 928

New York

3>H5

2200

16,32s

1929

Pes Moines

1880

1230

18.462

1930

Cleveland

2635

1830

19,059

1931

New Orleans

14-17

1263

10.889

1932

Atlantic City

2066

1500

18,005

1933

Boston

2351

1500

18,549

'934

Pittsburgh

2823

1550

i8.553

' 935

St. Louis

2292

1200

18,102

1936

Atlantic City

^.]7:->

1450

[8,242

1937

Indianapolis

3094

1681

18.776

1938

Richmond

2553

1706

19.050

1939

Columbus

2715

2154

20, 1 05

Statistical Data — The 1

'acific Division

Year

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

Membership

1916

San Diego

120

1917

No meeting

1918

Stanford University

1919

Pasadena

hjjo

Seattle

1 92 1

Berkeley

1922

Salt Lake City '

400

Joint meeting of the Pacific Division and the Association.

The Period from 1921 to 1940 51

Year

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

Membership

1 9-^3

Los Angeles

558

231

i ^3?

1924

Palo Alto

377

185

1342

[925

Portland, Ore.

-'54

221

[408

[926

Mills College, Calif.

402

23^

i-\7i

1 1 )2J

Reno, Nevada

[82

174

1550

1928

Pomona, Calif. 1

483

266

1802

1929

Berkeley

521

89

1997

1930

Eugene, Ore.

456

233

[997

1931

Pasadena

1 1 93

580

201 I

193-'

Pullman, Wash.

519

222

1922

'933

Salt Lake City

268

162

1 743

1934

Berkeley

1 164

863

1856

1935

Los Angeles

779

38;,

J 97 1

1936

Seattle

77')

449

2004

1937

Denver -

76.3

575

2023

1938

San Diego

832

3'-'

2096

"939

Stanford University

2157

J Joint meeting of the Pacific Division and the Southwestern Division.

- Joint meeting of the Association, the Pacific Division and the Southwestern Division.

Statistical Data — The South western Division

) 'car

Meeting Place

Registration

Papers Read

Membership

1 1 >20

El Paso

7i

36

1922

Tucson

1 12

— —

1922

Santa Fe

i22

3S

1923

Los Angeles '

558

-'3i

1924

El Paso

90

■

1925

Boulder

i?3

39

1926

Phoenix

214

130

1927

Santa Fe

73

55

-'53

1928

Flagstaff

7-'

87

286

1929

Albuquerque

103

104

337

1930

Tucson

121

331

1931

No meeting

—

339

1932

Denver

■ —

98

3'6

'933

Las Cruces

136

296

[934

Lubbock

^2

-'58

• 935

Santa Fe

220

142

277

1936

Flagstaff

160

116

323

'937

Denver -

763

?75

342

1938

Albuquerque

"3

] 10

410

1939

Alpine-Mt. Locke 3

1 12

366

1940

Tucson

165

153

366

1 Joint meeting with Pacific Division.

- Joint meeting with the Association and the Pacific Division.

3 Joint meeting with American Astronomical Society at dedication of the McDonald Observatory at
Mt. Locke, Texas.

52 The Period from 1921 to 1940

Annual Sigma Xi Lectures

Each year since 1922 a lecture has been delivered at the annual meeting of
the Association under the joint auspices of the Association and the Society
of the Sigma Xi. The Association sets aside an evening for these lectures
which are designated as General Sessions. The Society of the Sigma Xi
selects the lecturer.

Each of these lectures has been published in the issue of the Sigma Xi
Quarterly next following the date of its delivery. Since the lectures have
been delivered late in December, they have been published in the early
months of the following year. The following is the complete list of the lec-
turers and the titles of their addresses from 1922 to 1939, inclusive :

1922. Livingston Farrand : "The Nation and Its Health."

1923. Willis R. Whitney: "The Vacuum — There's Something in It."

1924. Frederick F. Russell : "War on Disease, Particularly Yellow
Fever and Malaria."

1925. F. D. Farrell : "A Desert Becomes a Garden."

1926. Herbert C. Hoover : "The Nation and Science."

1927. Clarence Cook Little : "Opportunities for Research in Mammalian
Genetics."

1928. Arthur Compton : "What Is Light ?"

1929. George Howard Parker: "Some Aspects of Human Biology."

1930. C. E. K. Mees: "The Science of Photography."

193 1. C. F. Hirshfeld : "Whose Fault?"

1932. Harlow Shapley : "Fact and Fancy in Cosmogony."

1933. Henry E. Sigerist : "The Foundation of Anatomy in the Renais-
sance."

1934. Earnest A. Hooton: "Homo Sapiens, Whence and Whither."

1935. John Bellamy Taylor: "The Human Eye and the Electric Eye."

1936. Henry G. Knight : "Selenium."

1937. Irving Langmuir : "The Biological Applications of Surface Chem-
istry."

1938. W. F. Durand: "Modern Trends in Air Transport."

1939. Kirtley F. Mather: "The Future of Man as an Inhabitant of the
Earth."

Annual Phi Beta Kappa Lectures

Each year since 1935, at the annual meeting of the Association, a lecture
has been delivered under the auspices of the United Chapters of Phi Beta
Kappa. The lecturers and the titles of their addresses from 1935 to 1939,
inclusive, are as follows :

1935. William Allan Neilson : "The American Scholar Today." The
American Scholar 1936, spring.

The Period from 1921 to 1940 53

1936. James Rowland Angell : "The Scholar and the Specialist." The
American Scholar 1937, summer.

1937. George Lyman Kittredge: "Shakespeare and the Critics." To ap-
pear in a book.

1938. Frank Pierrepont Graves: "Is Education a Science." School and
Society.

1939. Marjorie Hope Nicolson : "Science and Literature."

Annual Maiben Lectures

The Maiben Lectures were established in 1932 in memory of Hector E.
Maiben, for most of his life a farmer near Lincoln, Nebraska, who was for
ten years a sustaining member of the Association and who left his entire
estate to the Association upon his death. The Maiben lecturers and their
subjects have been as follows :

1932. Henry Norris Russell : "The Constitution of the Stars." Science

77- 65-79-

1933. William Morris Davis : "The Faith of Reverent Science." The

Scientific Monthly 38 : 36. 1933.

1934. L. Dudley Stamp : "Planning the Land of the Future." Science 80:
507-512.

1935. Richard P. Strong: "The Importance of Ecology in Tropical Dis-
eases." Science 82 : 307-317.

1936. Charles Camsell : "A 4000 Mile Flight over Northwestern Canada
in August, 1935." (No record of publication.)

1937. Nevil V. Sidgwick: "Molecules." Science 86: 335-340.

1938. Robert C. Wallace : "The Changing Values of Science." Science
88: 265-271.

1939. Victor G. Heiser : "The Influence of Nutrition on the Diseases of
Middle and Old Age." The Scientific Monthly 49 : 304-310.

1940. Edwin P. Hubble: "Problems in Nebular Research."

The John Wesley Powell Lectures

In 1929 the Southwestern Division inaugurated the John Wesley Powell
Memorial Lectures in honor of a distinguished geologist and the leader of
the first expedition that descended the Colorado River through the Grand
Canyon. The lecturers and the titles of their addresses have been as follows :

1929. William Morris Davis, Harvard University.

1930. Rodney H. True, University of Pennsylvania.

1932. Max Pinner, Desert Sanatorium of Southern Arizona : "Fifty
Years of the Tubercle Bacillus."

1933. Aldo Leopold, University of Wisconsin : "The Conservation Ethic."

54

Meeting Places

1934. Otto Struve, The University of Chicago : "The Galaxy."
T 935- Edgar L. Hewett, President of the Schools of American Research
and Director of the Museum of New Mexico : ''The Social Sciences in the
Program of Education.*'

I 93 ( J- John C. Merriam, President of the Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington : "The Wilderness as a Teacher, Preacher, and Companion. A Study
of the Contribution made by a Great National Park."

1937. A. E. Douglass, University of Arizona : "Tree-rings and Chronol-

ogy."

1938. E. R. Hedrick, Provost of University of California, Los Angeles :
"Relations of Science to Economics and to War."

1939. A. H. Compton, The University of Chicago: "Physics Views the
Future."

MEETINGS, 1848-1940
Meetings of the Association

ci-
io.
I I.

12.

13-

14-

15-
16.

1 "•
iS.

19-
20.
21 .
22.
23-
24-
25-
26.
27.
28.
29.

Philadelphia Sept.,

Cambridge Aug.,

Charleston (S. Car.) Mar.,

New Haven Aug.,

Cincinnati May,

Albany Aug.,

(No meeting in 1852)

Cleveland July,

Washington May,

Providence Aug.,

Albany ^ug.,

Montreal : Aug.,

Baltimore May,

Springfield (Mass.) Aug.,

Newport Aug.,

(No meetings 1861-1865)

Buffalo Aug.,

Burlington ( Vt.) Aug.,

Chicago Aug.,

Salem ( Mass.) Aug.,

Troy Aug.,

Indianapolis Aug.,

Dubuque Aug.,

Portland (Maine) Aug.,

Hartford Aug.,

Detroit Aug.,

Buffalo Aug.,

Nashville Aug.,

St. Louis Aug.,

Saratoga Springs Aug.,

Boston Aug.,

1848

30.

1849

31-

1850

32.

1850

33-

1851

34-

1851

35-

36.

1853

37-

1854

3*.

18SS

39-

1856

40.

1857

41-

1858

42.

1859

43-

i860

44-

45-

1866

46.

1867

47-

1868

48.

1869

49-

1870

50.

1871

Si-

1872

5-2.

1873

S3-

1874

54-

187S

55-

1876

56.

1877

57-

1878

58.

1879

59-

1880

60.

Cincinnati Aug.

Montreal Aug.

Minneapolis Aug.

Philadelphia Sept.

Ann Arbor Aug.

Buffalo Aug.

New York Aug.

Cleveland Aug.

Toronto Aug.

Indianapolis Aug.

Washington Aug.

Rochester Aug.

Madison Aug.

Brooklyn Aug.

Springfield (Mass.) Aug.-Sept.

Buffalo Aug.

Detroit Aug.

Boston Aug.

Columbus ^ug.

New York June

Denver ^ug.

Pittsburgh June-July

Washington . . . .Dec, 1902-Jan.

St. Louis Dec, 1903-Jan.

Philadelphia Dec.

New Orleans . . .Dec, 1905-Jan.

Ithaca June-July

New York Dec, 1906-Jan.

Chicago Dec, 1907-Jan.

Hanover (.\ T . H.) . . . .June-July
Baltimore Dec, 1908-Jan.

1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
189S
1896

1897
1898

1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1904
1906
1906
1907
1908
1908
1909

Mmtinc, Plac

55

Meetings of the Association, Continued

61. Boston . .Dec. 1909-Jan.. ioio 84.

62. Minneapolis Dec, 1910 85.

63. Washington Dec, 1911 86.

64. Cleveland Dec, 1912-Jan., 1913 87.

65. Atlanta Dec, 1913-Jan., 1914 88.

f>6. Philadelphia . . . Dec. 1914-Jan., 1915 89.

67. San Francisco Aug., 1915 00.

68. Columbus Dec, 1015-Jan., 1916 01.

69. New York Dec, 1916 02.

70. Pittsburgh Dec. 1917-Jan., 1918 93.

71. Baltimore Dec, 1918 94-

72. St. Louis Dec, 1919-Jan., 1920 05.

73. Chicago Dec, iQ20-Jan., 1921 qA.

74. Toronto Dec, 192 1 97.

75. Salt Lake City June, 1922 98.

76. Boston Dec, 1922 99.

77. Los Angeles Sept., 1923 100.

78. Cincinnati Dec, 1923-Jan., 1924 101.

79. Washington . . . .Dec, 1924-Jan., 1925 102.
So. Boulder (Colo.) June, 1925 103

81. Portland (Oregon) June, 1925 104.

82. Kansas City .... Dec, 1925-Jan., 1926 105.

83. Philadelphia ... Dec, 1926-Jan., 1927 106.

Nashville Dec, 1927

New York Dec, 1928-Jan.. 1929

Des Moines .... Dec, 1929-Jan., 1930

Cleveland Dec, 1930-Jan., 193 1

Pasadena June, 1931

New Orleans ... Dec, 1931-Jan., 1932

Syracuse June, 1932

Atlantic City Dec, 1932

Chicago June, 1933

Boston Dec, 1933-Jan., 1934

Berkeley June, 1934

Pittsburgh Dec, 1934-Jan., 1935

Minneapolis June, 1935

St. Louis Dec, 1935-Jan., 1936

Rochester June, 1936

Atlantic City ... Dec, 1036-Jan., 1937

Denver June, 1937

Indianapolis . . .Dec, 1937-Jan., 1938

Ottawa June. 1938

Richmond ( Va.) Dec, 1938

Milwaukee June, 1939

Columbus Dec, 1939-Jan., 1940

Seattle June, 1940

Meetings of the Pacific Division

1. San Diego Aug., 19 16

2. Stanford University June, 1918

3. Pasadena June, 19 19

4. Seattle June, 1920

5. Berkeley Aug., 1921

6. Salt Lake City June, 1922

7. Los Angeles Sept., 1923

8. Palo Alto June, 1924

9. Portland, Oregon June, 1925

10. Mills College, Calif June, 1926

11. Reno, Nevada June, 1927

12. Pomona, Calif June, 1028

13. Berkeley June, 1929

14. Eugene. Ore June, 1930

15. Pasadena June, 193 1

16. Pullman, Wash June, 1932

17. Salt Lake City June, 1933

18. Berkeley June, 1934

19. Los Angeles June, 1935

20. Seattle June, 1936

21. Denver June, 1937

22. San Diego June, 1938

23. Stanford University June, 1939

24. Seattle June. 1940

Meetings of the Socthwestern Division*

El Paso Dec, 1920

Tucson Jan., 1922

Santa Fe Sept., 1922

Los Angeles Sept., 1923

5. El Paso May, 1924

6. Boulder June, 1925

7. Phoenix Feb., 1926

8. Santa Fe April, 1927

9. Flagstaff April, 1928

10. Albuquerque April, 1929

11. Tucson April, 1930

12. Denver April, 1932

13. Las Cruces May, 1933

14. Lubbock April, 1934

15. Santa Fe April-May, 1935

16. Flagstaff-Grand Canyon . .April, 1936

17. Denver June, 1937

18. Albuquerque April, 1938

19. Alpine-Mt. Locke May, 1939

20. Tucson April, 1940

56

General Officers

GENERAL OFFICERS, 1848-1940

Roll of the Presidents

*William B. Rogers (geology) (Acting until
the election of President Rcdfield)

♦W. C. Redfield (geology) 1848

*Joseph Henry (physics) 1849

*A. D. Bache (geography) 1850

♦Louis Agassiz (zoology) 1851

(No meeting in 1852)

♦Benjamin Peirce (physics) 1853

*James D. Dana (anthropology) 1854

*John Torrey (botany) 1855

♦James Hall (geology) 1856

♦J. W. Bailey (chemistry) 1857

*Jeffries Wyman (medicine) 1858

* Stephen Alexander (astronomy) 1859

♦Isaac Lea (geology) i860

(No meetings 1861-1865 and no presidents)

*F. A. P. Barnard (astronomy) 1866

♦J. S. Newberry (geology) 1867

*B. A. Gould (astronomy) 1868

*J. W. Foster (geography) 1869

*Wm. Chauvenet (mathematics) 1870

♦Asa Gray (botany) 1871

*J. Lawrence Smith (chemistry) 1872

* Joseph Lovering (physics) 1873

*J. L. LeConte (entomology) 1874

♦J. E. Hilgard (geography) 1875

♦William B. Rogers (geology) 1876

* Simon Newcomb (astronomy) 1877

*0. C. Marsh (geology) 1878

♦G. F. Barker (chemistry) 1879

♦Lewis H. Morgan (anthropology) .... 1880

*G. J. Brush (geology) 1881

♦J. W. Dawson (geology) 1882

*C. A. Young (astronomy) 1883

*J. P. Lesley (geology) 1884

*H. A. Newton (mathematics) 1885

*Edward S. Morse (zoology) 1886

♦S. P. Langley (physics) 1887

*J. W. Powell (geology) 1888

*T. C. Mendenhall (physics) 1889

♦G. Lincoln Goodale (botany) 1890

* Albert B. Prescott (chemistry) 1891

♦Joseph LeConte (geology) 1892

♦William Harkness (astronomy) 1893

♦Daniel G. Brinton (anthropology) .... 1894

♦E. W. Morley (chemistry) 1895

♦Edward D. Cope (zoology) 1896

♦Theodore Gill (zoology) (successor to

Edward D. Cope, deceased.)

♦Wolcott Gibbs (chemistry)

*F. W. Putnam (anthropology)

♦Edward Orton (geology)

*R. S. Woodward (mathematics)

*C. S. Minot (medicine)

♦Asaph Hall (astronomy)

(first meeting)

♦Ira Remsen (chemistry)

(second meeting)

♦Carroll D. Wright (economics)

*W. G. Farlow (botany)

*C. M. Woodward (mathematics)

♦Wm. H. Welch (medicine)

♦E. L. Nichols (physics)

*T. C. Chamberlin (geology)

♦David S. Jordan (biology)

♦A. A. Michelson (physics)

♦Charles E. Bessey (botany)

♦E. C. Pickering (astronomy)

♦Edmund B. Wilson (zoology)

♦Charles W. Eliot (education)

♦W. W. Campbell (astronomy)

♦Charles Richard Van Hise (geology) . .
♦Theodore W. Richards (chemistry) . . .
♦John Merle Coulter (botany)

Simon Flexner (medicine)

L. O. Howard (entomology)

♦E. H. Moore (mathematics)

♦J. Playfair McMurrich (anatomy)
♦Charles D. Walcott (paleontology)...

J. McKeen Cattell (psychology)

♦Michael I. Pupin (engineering)

L. H. Bailey (horticulture)

♦Arthur A. Noyes (chemistry)

♦Henry Fairfield Osborn (paleontology)

Robert A. Millikan (physics)

Thomas H. Morgan (zoology)

Franz Boas (anthropology)

♦John J. Abel (pharmacology)

Henry N. Russell (astronomy)

Edward L. Thorndike (psychology) . . .

Karl T. Compton (physics)

Edwin G. Conklin (biology)

George D. Birkhoff (mathematics) . . .

Wesley C. Mitchell (economics)

Walter B. Cannon (physiology)

Albert F. Blakeslee (genetics)

Asterisk denotes person is deceased.

( Jeneral Officers

57

Permanent Secretaries

♦Spencer F. Baird 1851-54

♦Joseph Lovering 1854-68

*F. W. Putnam i860

♦Joseph Lovering 1870-73

*F. W. Putnam 1873-98

L. O. Howard 1898-1920

Burton E. Livingston 1920-30

Charles F. Roos 1931-32

Henry B. Ward 1033-37

1". R. Moulton 1937-

General Secretaries

♦Edward L. Nichols 1920

D. T. MacDougal 1921-24

W. J. Humphreys 1925-28

Frank R. Lillie 1 929- 30

Burton E. Livingston 1031-34

Otis W. Caldwell 1035-

Director of Press Service

Austin H. Clark 1926-37

Assistant Secretaries

F. S. Hazard 191 -^o

Sam Woodley 1 1920-

Treasurers

*R. S. Woodward 1920-24

John L. Wirt 1925-

DlRECTORS OF EXHIBITS

H. S. Kimberly 1925-30

F. C. Brown i93i~37

Owen Cattell 1938-39

Auditors

Herbert A. Gill 1 920-2 1

R. B. Sosman 1922-28

A. G. McCall 1929-31

W. J. Humphreys 1932-

1 Executive Assistant, 11120-1939.

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

AND THE PRESENT

ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION

OF THE

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

OF THE

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT

OF SCIENCE

Commonwealth of Massachusetts
In the Year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-Four

An Act

To Incorporate the "American Association for the Advancement of Science"
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled,
and by the authority of the same, as follows :

Section i. Joseph Henry of Washington, Benjamin Peirce of Cambridge, James D.
Dana of New Haven, James Hall of Albany, Alexis Caswell of Providence, Stephen
Alexander of Princeton, Isaac Lea of Philadelphia, F. A. P. Barnard of New York,
John S. Newberry of Cleveland, B. A. Gould of Cambridge, T. Sterry Hunt of Boston,
Asa Gray of Cambridge, J. Lawrence Smith of Louisville, Joseph Lovering of Cam-
bridge, and John LeConte of Philadelphia, their associates, the officers and members of
the Association known as the "American Association for the Advancement of Science,"
and their successors are hereby made a corporation by the name of the "American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science," for the purpose of receiving, purchasing, hold-
ing, and conveying real and personal property, which it now is, or hereafter may be
possessed of, with all the powers and privileges, and subject to the restrictions, duties
and liabilities set forth in the general laws which now or hereafter may be in force and
applicable to such corporations.

Section 2. Said corporation may have and hold by purchase, grant, gift, or otherwise,
real estate not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand dollars in value, and personal
estate in any amount.*

Section 3. Any two of the corporators above named are hereby authorized to call the
first meeting of the said corporation in the month of August next ensuing, by notice
thereof "by mail," to each member of the said Association.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage.

In Senate, March 17, 1874. House of Representatives, March 10, 1874.

Passed to be enacted, Passed to be enacted,

GEO. B. LORING, President, John E. Sanford, Speaker,

Secretary's Department, March 19, 1874.

Boston, April 3, 1874. Approved,

A true copy, Attest: W. B. WASHBURN.

David Pulsifer,
Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth.

*In accordance with amendment by Special Act of Massachusetts Legislature, Chapter 238, approved
March 30, 1915.

60

Constitution of the Association 6i

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ASSOCIATION

(Adopted at the Third St. Louis Meeting, December 29, 1919, to January 3, 1920 ')

Article i — Objects

The objects of the Association are to promote intercourse among those who are cul-
tivating science in different parts of America, to cooperate with other scientific societies
and institutions, to give a stronger and more general impulse and more systematic direc-
tion to scientific research, and to procure for the labors of scientific men increased
facilities and a wider usefulness.

Article 2 — Membership

Persons willing to cooperate in the work of the Association may be elected to be
members by the Council. Members who are professionally engaged in scientific work or
who have advanced science by research may be elected to be fellows. The Council shall
fix the admission fees and dues (Dec. 27, 1934). A member who pays at one time the
sum of one hundred dollars to the Association becomes a life member and is exempt
from further dues. A person who gives one thousand dollars to the Association may be
elected to be a sustaining member and is exempt from further dues.

Article 3— Officers

The officers of the Association shall be elected by ballot by the Council, and shall
consist of a President, a Vice President from each section, a Permanent Secretary, a
General Secretary, a Treasurer and a Secretary of each Section. The President and the
Vice Presidents shall be elected for one year, the other officers for four years. The
officers shall perform the usual duties of these offices, under the direction of the Council.

Article 4 — Council

The Council shall consist of the President, the Vice Presidents, the Permanent Secre-
tary, the General Secretary, the Secretaries of the Sections, and the Treasurer, the
members of the Executive Committee, ex officio, if they arc not otherwise members of
the Council (Dec. 27, 1923), of one fellow elected by each division, affiliated state acad-
emy, and (Dec. 27, 1932) affiliated society, and one additional fellow from each affiliated
society having more than 100 members who are fellows of the Association, and of eight
fellows, two elected annually by the Council for a term of four years. There shall be
an Executive Committee of the Council, consisting of the President, the Permanent
Secretary, the General Secretary, and eight members elected by the Council, two an-
nually for a term of four years, who shall be ex officio members of the Council. The
Council may appoint standing or temporary committees to make reports, to assist in the
conduct of the work of the Association and to promote its objects.

Article 5 — Sections

The Association shall be divided into the following Sections : A, Mathematics ; B,
Physics ; C, Chemistry ; D, Astronomy ; E, Geology and Geography ; F, Zoological

1 There have been several minor amendments to the Constitution since iq2o. The parts that have
been amended are printed, as amended, in italics followed by the dates of the amendments in paren-
theses.

62 Constitution of the Association

Sciences; G, Botanical Sciences; H. Anthropology; I, Psychology; K, Social and Eco-
nomic Sciences; .L, Historical and Philological Sciences; M, Engineering; N, Medical
Sciences: O, Agriculture; P, Industrial Science (Dec. jS, 1936); Q, Education. Mem-
bers of the Association shall be members of that Section or of those Sections under
which their work or their interests fall. Members of the Section shall nominate to the
Council a Chairman, who becomes ex officio a Vice President of the Association and
whose term of office shall be one year, and a Secretary, whose term of office shall be
four years. These officers, together with four fellows, one elected annually by the
Section for a term of four years, and the representatives on the Council of affiliated
societies in the same field shall form a Sectional Committee. This Committee shall
arrange the scientific programs of the meetings and may form sub-sections or hold joint
meetings with other sections or other societies. It may appoint committees and shall in
all ways promote the objects of the Association within its own field.

Article 6 — Divisions and Branches

Regional Divisions and Local Branches of the Association may be formed by vote of
the Council. Such Divisions and Branches may elect officers, hold meetings, appoint
committees, enter into relations with other societies and promote within their fields the
objects of the Association.

Article 7 — Associated and Affiliated Societies

National and local scientific societies may, by vote of the Council, become associated
with the Association. Those Associated Societies which the Council shall designate as
Affiliated Societies shall be represented on the Council and on the Sectional Committees
as provided in Articles 4 and 5.

Article 8 — Meetings

The Association shall hold an annual meeting at such time and place as may be deter-
mined by the Council. Other meetings of the Association and of the Sections may be
authorized by the Council. The Divisions and the Branches may hold annual and other
meetings.

Article — Proceedings

The proceedings of the Association and the list of officers and members shall be pub-
lished in such manner as the Council may direct.

Article 10 — Funds

The Permanent Secretary shall collect the annual dues and make expenditures as
directed by the Council. The Treasurer shall deposit or invest the permanent funds of
the Association, as provided for trust funds by the laws of the state of Massachusetts or
the state of New York. Bequests and gifts will be administered in accordance with the
provisions of the donors. The payments from sustaining and life members form part of
the permanent fund, and the income (after the death of the member) shall be used for
research, unless otherwise directed by unanimous vote of the Council or by a majority
vote at two consecutive annual meetings.

Article ii — Alteration of the Constitution

This Constitution may be amended at a general session by unanimous vote or by a
majority vote at two consecutive annual meetings.

By-Laws and Rules of Procedure 63

BY-LAWS AND RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE

ASSOCIATION

(Adopted at the Third St. Louis Meeting, December 29, 1919, to January 3, 1920,

and in force since January 3, 1920 ' )

Article I

The Association is American, its field covering North, Central and South America.
Inhabitants of any country are eligible to membership.

Article II

Sectio)i 1. An incorporated scientific society or institution or a public or incorporated
library may become a member by vote of the Council.

Section 2. Associates, on payment of five dollars, may he admitted to the privileges
of a meeting, except voting.

Section 3. Foreign associates may be admitted without fee to the privileges of a
meeting, except voting.

Section 4. Members who have paid annual dues for fifty years may be excused from
further payments and still retain all the prizileges of active membership. (April 14,

1935).

Section 5. Members may be elected by the Council to be fellows of the Association
and members so elected shall remain fclloivs only so long as they retain membership.
If a fellow discontinues his membership and subsequently rejoins the Association he
shall automatically again become a fclloiv from the time of rejoining, without another
election. Members are eligible to nomination for fellowship if they have contributed to
the adzanccment of science cither by the publication of original research or in other
significant manner. Nominations for election to fellowship may be made by any three
fellows, by the Permanent Secretary or by any Section Secretary, but before being sub-
mitted to the Council every nomination shall have been first approved by the section
committee in whose field the nominees' scientific zvork mainly lies. (Dec. 27, 1929).

Section 6. The Council may exclude from the Association any one who has made
improper use of his membership or whose membership is regarded as detrimental to the
Association.

Article III

Section 1. The Permanent Secretary, the General Secretary, the Permanent Chair-
man of the Finance Committee, the Treasurer of the Association and the Secretaries of
the Sections shall be elected at the larger convocation week meetings held once in four
years beginning the last week of the year 1916. Vacancies in these offices shall be filled
by the Council.

Section 2. The President of the Association shall give an address at a general session
of the Association at the annual meeting following that over which he presided.

Section 3. The Vice-Presidents shall hold seniority in the order of their continuous
membership in the Association.

Section 4. The Permanent Secretary shall attend to the business of the Association,
the arrangements for the meetings and such other matters as the Council may designate.
He may employ, with the approval of the Council, an Assistant Secretary. The salary
of the Permanent Secretary shall be determined by the Council.

1 There have been several minor amendments to the By-Laws since 1920. The parts that have been
amended are printed, as amended, in italics followed by the dates of the amendments in parentheses.

64 By-Laws and Rules of Procedure

Section 5. The General Secretary shall attend to matters connected with the organi-
zation of the Association, its relations to the affiliated societies and such other matters
as the Council maj' designate. He shall receive such compensation as may be determined
by the Council.

Section 6. The Permanent Secretary, the General Secretary and the Treasurer shall
present annually to the Council an account of the funds in their charge. These accounts
shall be audited by an Auditor elected by the Council. There shall be a Finance Com-
mittee of five, including the Permanent Chairman, the Treasurer and three other mem-
bers elected one each year for a period of three years. The Finance Committee shall
give advice in regard to the investment of the funds of the Association. The Treasurer
shall administer bequests and gifts in accordance with the provisions of the donor; and
shall sell such securities and properties of the Association and buy such securities and
properties for the Association zvith the permanent funds of the Association and exchange
such securities and properties of the Association for such securities and properties as the
Finance Committee shall direct by formal rote recorded in its minutes (April 21, 1940).
The Treasurer and the Permanent Secretary and General Secretary shall each present
a budget to the Council at the annual meeting.

Article IV

Section 1. The Executive Committee shall haic full po-ivcr to act for the Council
when the Council is not in session (Dec, 28, 1923).

Section 2. There shall be a Committee on Grants, appointed by the President, with
the advice of the Council, consisting of eight members, two appointed annually for a
period of four years, which shall award for scientific research such part of the income
from the permanent and special funds of the Association as may be appropriated for that
purpose by the Council.

Section 3. The following standing committees are authorized : Committee of One
Hundred on Scientific Research ; Committee on the Jane M. Smith Life Membership
Fund.

Section 4. A local committee shall be organized by the members resident in the place
where a meeting of the Association is held. This committee may appoint an executive
committee and other committees and shall make arrangements for the meeting, in co-
operation with the Permanent Secretary and the other officers of the Association.

Article V

Section 1. The Sectional Committees shall arrange for each annual meeting a pro-
gram of general scientific interest, occupying usually one or two sessions. The section
shall not hold sessions for the reading of special papers when the affiliated society in
the same field meets with the Association.

Section 2. No member shall take part in the organization or hold office in more than
one section at any one meeting. Council representatives of affiliated organizations which
are not specially related to any single section of the Association are members of the
respective section committees to which their scientific interests are most closely related.

Article VI

Section 1. Regional divisions authorized by the Council have full control of their
meetings, of their affiliations with other scientific organizations, and of all movements
to promote the advancement and diffusion of science in their territory.

Section 2. The Pacific Division (organized in 1915) includes members resident in
Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and

Hv-Laws and Rules of Procedure 65

the Hawaiian Islands. The Pacific Division is allowed, for its expenses, the entrance
fees of new members resident in its region and an additional annual allowance not to
exceed one dollar for each of its members in good standing.

Section 3. The Southwestern Division (organized in 1920) includes members resi-
dent in Arizona, New Mexico. Colorado (Dec. 26, 1922), Sonora, Chihuahua and Texas
west of the 100th meridian (June 21, 193/). The Southwestern Division is allowed, for
its expenses, the entrance fees of new members resident in its region and an additional
annual allowance not to exceed one dollar for each of its members in good standing.

Section 7. Affiliated academies of science receive, for their expenses, an annual allow-
ance not to exceed fifty cents for each of their members who is also a member in good
standing of the American Association.

Article VII

Section 1. Affiliated societies having two representatives in the Council and in the
Sectional Committees are : ( see pages 66-69) •

Section 2. Affiliated societies having one representative in the Council and in the
Sectional Committees are: (see pages 66-69).

Section }. Associated societies are: (see pages 69-70).

Article VIII

Section 1. A general session of the Association shall usually be held on the first
evening of the meeting, and at this session the address of the retiring president shall be
given. Other general sessions may be arranged by the Council.

Section 2. The Council shall ordinarily meet on the afternoon of the first day of the
meeting. It may also meet at such other times as may be decided.

Section 3. The Sectional Committees shall ordinarily hold meetings on the morning
of the first day of each annual meeting and may hold such other meetings as they may
arrange.

Section j. The Executive Committee shall meet on the day preceding the annual
meeting and at such other times during the meeting as it may decide. It shall ordinarily
hold meetings in the spring and in the autumn.

Article IX

Section 1. By arrangement with the publishers of Science this journal publishes
the official notices and proceedings of the Association and is sent to all members in good
standing, the sum of $3 being paid to the publishers of the journal for each member.
Members may by request receive The Scientific Monthly in place of Science. This
arrangement may be cancelled by the Council of the Association or by the publishers
of the journal, after one year's notice has been given by either party.

Article X

Section 1. The official year of the Association shall begin on October 1, and the dues
of the members are payable on that date. Only members who have paid their dues shall
enjoy the privileges of the meetings and receive publications of the Association, but
those not longer than two years in arrears for dues are retained on the membership list.
Members dropped from membership for non-payment of dues may have their names re-
instated by payment of arrearages or may be reelected with payment of the entrance fee.
Payment of the entrance fee is omitted for members of affiliated organizations who join
the Association before the second annual meeting after the ratification of the affiliation,
or before the second annual meeting after their admission to the affiliated organization.

66

Officially Associated Societies

Section 2. The Secretaries of the Sections receive, for their expenses incurred in
attending the annual meetings, a per diem of four dollars for the time spent in tiaiel
and at meetings and regular railroad fares, including Pullman, to and from the meetings
(April 24, 193S). Hotel rooms for their use at the annual meetings are provided by the
Association.

Section 3. Members of the Executive Committee receive, for their expenses incurred
in attending the annual meetings, a per diem allozvance of four dollars and the regular
railroad fares, including Pullman, to and from the meeting (April 24, 1938). Hotel
rooms for their use at the annual meetings are provided by the Association. Members
of the Executive Committee attending special meetings of the Committee receive, for
their expenses, a per diem allowance of six dollars a day and a mileage allowance of
five cents a mile for the round trip.

Article XI
These By-Laws and Rules of Procedure may be amended by vote of the Council.

OFFICIALLY ASSOCIATED SOCIETIES

Affiliated Societies 1
Section on Mathematics

Mathematical Association of America

(2) , 2 Dec. 29, 1920.
American Mathematical Society (2).

Dec. 29, W20.
Association for Symbolic Logic (1). Oct.

So. 1937-

American Electrochemical Society (2).

April 27. 1924.
American Oil Chemists' Society (1).

April 25, 1926.

Section on Astronomy

American Astronomical Society (2). Be-
fore 1920.

Astronomical Society of the Pacific (1).
Dec. 30, 1925.
Optical Society of America (2). Before The Society for Research on Meteorites

Section on Physics

1920.

American Physical Society (2). Before
1920.

American Association of Physics Teach-
ers (2). Oct. 23, 1931.

Acoustical Society of America (1). April
26, 1931.

American Meteorological Society ( 1 ) .
Before 1920.

Society of Rheology (1). April 26, 1931.

Section on Chemistry

American Chemical Society (2). Before
1920.

1 Dates of affiliation subsequent to 1920 fol-
low the names of the respective societies; pre-
vious to 1920 dates of affiliation were not re-
corded.

- Numbers in parentheses are the numbers of
representatives the respective societies have on
the Council of the Association.

(1). Associated April 14, 1935,' affili-
ated Dec. 30, 193S.

Section on Geology and Geography

Association of American Geographers
(2). Before 1920.

American Geographical Society of New
York (2). April 24, 1921.

Geological Society of America (2). Be-
fore 1920.

Paleontological Society (2). April 27,

1924.
Seismological Society of America (2).

Before 1920.
Mineralogical Society of America (1).

April 27, 1924.

Section on Zoological Sciences

American Association of Economic En-
tomologists (2). Before 1920.

Officially Associated Societies

6 7

Entomological Society of America (2).
Before 1920.

Association for Research in Human He-
redity, Inc. 1 (2). Before 1920.

American Society of Mammalogists (2).
Noz: 20, 1921.

American Society of Parasitologists (2).
April 26, 1925.

American Society of Zoologists (2). Be-
fore 1920.

Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America (2). Be-
fore 1920.

American Phytopathological Society (2).
Before 1920.

American Society of Plant Physiologists
(2). Oct. 12, 1924.

Torrey Botanical Club (2). April 24,
1927.

Mycological Society of America (2).
June iS, 1934.

Societies Related to Both Zoological
and Botanical Sciences

Ecological Society of America (2). Be-
fore 1920.

American Genetic Association (2). Be-
fore 1920.

Genetics Society of America (2). April
?4, 1932.

American Microscopical Society (2). Be-
fore 1920.

American Society of Naturalists (2). Be-
fore 1920.

Western Society of Naturalists (2). Oct.
21, 192S.

Federation of American Societies for Ex-
perimental Biology (2). April 19, 1936.

Limnological Society of America (1).
Oct. 27, 1935.

Section on Anthropology

American Anthropological Association
(2). Before 1920.

Section on Psychology

American Psychological Association (2).

Before 1920.
Midwestern Psychological Association

( 1). June 16, 1931.

1 Formerly Eugenics Research Association.

Society for Research in Child Develop-
ment (0. April 14, 1935.

The Psychometric Society (1). April 17,
1937-

Section on Social and Economic
Sciences

Econometric Society (1). Oct. 25, 1931.

American Sociological Society (1). As-
sociated before 1920; affiliated April 24,
1932.

American Statistical Association (1). As-
sociated before 1920; affiliated April 25.

I93i-

Section on Historical and
Philological Sciences

History of Science Society (2). April 26,

I9?5-
Linguistic Society of America (1). Oct.
17, 1926.

Section on Engineering

American Society of Civil Engineers (2).
Before 1920.

American Institute of Electrical Engi-
neers (2). Before 1920.

Illuminating Engineering Society (2).
Before 1920.

American Society of Mechanical Engi-
neers (2). Before 1920.

American Institute of Mining and Metal-
lurgical Engineers (2). Before 1920.

Society for the Promotion of Engineer-
ing Education (2). June 19, 1933-

The American Ceramic Society (1). As-
sociated Nov. 20, 1921; affiliated April
27, 1924.

The Institute of Radio Engineers (1).
Oct. 25, 1925.

American Society for Testing Materials
(1). April 24, 1921.

The Institute of Aeronautical Sciences
(1). April 14, 1935-

Section on Medical Sciences

American Association of Anatomists (2).

Before 1920.
Society of American Bacteriologists (2).

Before 1920.

68

Officially Associated Societies

American Medical Association (2). Be-
fore 1020.

Society for Experimental Biology and
Medicine (2). Oct. 17, 1927.

American Public Health Association (2).
April 27, 1924.

American Pharmaceutical Association
(2). Dec. 30, 1925.

American Society for Experimental Pa-
thology (2). Associated before 1920;
affiliated April 19, 1936.

American Society of Biological Chemists
(2). Associated before 1920; affiliated
April 19, 1936.

American Physiological Society (2).
April 19, 1936.

American Society for Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics (2). April
19, 1936.

American Society of Tropical Medicine
(2). Dec. 30, 1939-

American Roentgen Ray Society (1).
Oct. 20, 1929.

American Veterinary Medical Associa-
tion (1). April 25, 1926.

American Academy of Tropical Medicine
(1). June 24, 1935.

American Division, International Asso-
ciation for Dental Research (1). April

14, 1935-
American Academy of Ophthalmology

and Otolaryngology (0- April 19,

1936.
American Psychiatric Association (1).

Oct. 25, 1936.
National Malaria Committee (1). Dec.

30, 1939-

Section on Agriculture

American Society of Agronomy (2).
April 24, 192 1.

American Society for Horticultural
Science (2). Before 1920.

Society of American Foresters (2). Be-
fore 1920.

Canadian Society of Technical Agricul-
turists 0). April 23, 1922.

American Society of Animal Production
(1). April 27, 1924.

Section on Education

National Society of College Teachers of
Education (2). Before 1920.

National Education Association (2).
April 27, 1924.

National Society for the Study of Edu-
cation (2). Before 1920.

American Philosophical Association (1).
Associated before 1020; affiliated Dec.
3i, 1936.

General Societies

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa (2).
Dec. 27, 1928.

Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi (2).
April 26, 1923.

Society of the Sigma Ni (2). Before
1920.

American Association of University Pro-
fessors (2). Nov. 8, 1922.

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women's
Scientific Fraternity (2). Associated
January 2, 193ft; affiliated April 23,

1939-
American Library Association ( 1 ). April

22, 1928.

American Nature Study Society (1).
Oct. 27, 1926.

Academies of Science

Alabama Academy of Science ( \) . April

23, 1926.

The American Institute of the City of
New York (1). Dec. 27, 1938.

British Columbia Academy of Sciences
(1). June 30, 1938.

Colorado-Wyoming Academy of Science
(1). Dec. 26, 1927.

Florida Academy of Sciences (1). Oct

25, 1936.

Georgia Academy of Science (1). April

26, 1925.

Illinois State Academy of Science (1).

April 26, 1925.
Indiana Academy of Science (1). April

26, 1925.
Iowa Academy of Science (1 ) . Before

1920.
Kansas Academy of Science ( • Before

1920.

Officially Associated Societies

69

Kentucky Academy of Science (1). Be- Northwest Scientific Association (1)

fore 1920.

April 25, 193 1.

Louisiana Academy of Science (1). Dec. Ohio Academy of Science (1). Before

29, J933-

1920.

Maryland Academy of Sciences (1). Oklahoma Academy of Science (1). Dec.

Ipril 24, W21
Michigan Academy of Science (1). Dec.

27. 1920.
Minnesota Academy of Science (1 I. Oct.

t6, i'933.
Mississippi Academy of Science (1).

June 19. 1939.

27, 1920.
Pennsylvania Academy of Science (1).

April 25, 1926.
Academy of Science of St. Louis (1).

Sept. 17. 1930.
South Carolina Academy of Science (t).

Oct. 17. 1927.

Missouri Academy of Science (1). .ipril Tennessee Academy of Science (1). Dec

rj. 1935-
Nebraska Academy of Science (t). Bl
fore 1920.

30. I925-
Texas Academy of Science (0- April
7. 1930.

New Hampshire Academy of Science Virginia Academy of Science (1). April

( 1 ) . Dec. 30, 1925.

26, 1923.

\ - / - • +}~ } ~ 7 — v/ " J — 7 — *J~

New Orleans Academy of Science (1). West Virginia Academy of Science (1)

Before 1920.
North Carolina Academy of Science (1).

. Ipril 24. 192 1.
North Dakota Academy of Science (1).

April 26, 1925.

Pee. 30, 1925.
\\ isconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts,
and Letters (1). Before 1920.

Associated Societies

Section ox Physics
Sigma Pi Sigma. Jan. 2. 1936.

Section ox Chemistry

American Institute of Chemical Engi-
neers. Before 1920.
Phi Lambda Upsilon. June 21, 1933.
Alpha Chi Sigma Fraternity. Oct. 27.

'935-

Section ox Geology and Geography

National Council of Geography Teachers.

Before 1920.
American Alpine Club. Before 1920.

Sk( tion ox Zoological Sciences
Wilson Ornithological Club. Before 1920.

Section on Botanical Sciences

American Fern Society. Before 1920.
Sullivant Moss Society. Before 1920.
American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
Dec. 30, 1939.

Societies Related to Both Zoological

• and Botanical Sciences

Phi Sigma Society. Oct. 25, 1925.
National Association of Biology Teach-
ers. April 23, 1939.

Section on Anthropology

Archaeological Institute of America. Be-
fore 1920.
American Folk-Lore Society. Before

1Q20.

Section ox Psychology
Southern Society for Philosophy and
Psychology. Before 1920.

Sectiox ox Social and Economic
Sciences

American Planning and Civic Associa-
tion. Before 1920.

American Economic Association. Before
1920.

Metric Association. Before 1920.

7o

Officially Associated Societies

Section on Engineering

American Society of Heating and Venti-
lating Engineers. Before 1920.

American Society of Refrigerating Engi-
neers. Before 1920.

Western Society of Engineers. Dec. 26,
193?-

American Society of Photogrammetry.
April 19, 1936.

American Society of Agricultural Engi-
neers. Dec. 30, 1939.

Section on Medical Sciences

American Dental Association. Oct. 15,
1932.

American College of Dentists. April 26,
193 'i,

American Association of Dental Schools.
Oct. IS, 1932.

American Association of Colleges of
Pharmacy. April 14, 1935.

American Dietetic Association. June 24,
1925.

Alpha Epsilon Delta Premedical Frater-
nity. Oct. 25, 1936.

Section on Agriculture

Potato Association of America. April 22,
1923.

American Dairy Science Association. Be-
fore 1920.

Association of Official Seed Analysts. Be-
fore 1920.

American Pomological Society. Before
1920.

Gamma Sigma Delta (Honor Society of
Agriculture). Before 1920.

Xi Sigma Pi. Sept. 17, 1930.

Section on Education

The Canadian Teachers' Federation.

April 23, 1939.
Kappa Delta Pi. Dec. 30, 1929.
Phi Delta Kappa Fraternity. Nov. 20,

1921.
Pi Lamhda Theta. June 21, 1932.

General Societies

Bibliographical Society of America. Be-
fore 1920.

American College Personnel Association.
April 26, 193 1.

Pi Gamma Mu. Dec. 28, 1931.

Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fra-
ternity. Oct. 23, 1925.

Chi Beta Phi Scientific Association. Oct.
27, 1935.

American Science Teachers Association.
Dec. 28, 1936.

The Wildlife Society. Dec. 30, 1937.

Research Council on Problems of Alco-
hol. Dec. 30, 1937.

History of the Constitution 71

ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF
THE ASSOCIATION

History of the Constitution

When the Association was organized in 1848 it adopted and began opera-
tions under "Objects and Rules of the Association," consisting of a state-
ment of "Objects" and 20 "Rules" that had been drawn up and presented by
a committee appointed for the purpose the preceding year. The "Objects"
were almost identical with Article 1 of the present constitution. The supreme
power of the Association was vested in the Standing Committee, consisting
of the general officers, the chairmen and secretaries of the sections and six
other elected members. The annual dues of one dollar per year entitled each
member to a copy of the Proceedings of the Association. One of the duties
of the Local Committee in each city in which the Association met was to
provide funds for paying for publishing the Proceedings of the meeting.

In 1 85 1 the "Objects and Rules" became a "Constitution" with two
amendments, one providing for dropping members who were in arrears on
their dues for two years and the other raising the annual dues to two dollars.

In 1856 a new draft of the Constitution was adopted. There were no By-
Laws but certain actions of the Standing Committee were carried under the
heading, "Resolutions of a Permanent and Prospective Character."

After discussions extending over two years a completely revised constitu-
tion of 38 articles was adopted in 1874. The committee reporting on the pro-
visions of the new constitution said, "The constitutional troubles, which for
many years have often caused the meetings to assume the temporary char-
acter of a parliamentary body, have finally been disposed of . . ." The annual
dues of members were increased from two to three dollars.

In 1874 the Association was incorporated under the laws of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts. The articles of incorporation gave the Association
the right of "receiving, purchasing, holding, and conveying real and personal
property, which it now is, or hereafter may be possessed of, with all powers
and privileges, and subject to the restrictions, duties and liabilities set forth
in the general laws which now or hereafter may be in force and applicable
to such corporations."

The Constitution of the Association was amended in 1881, 1886 and 18S7.
In 1887 the Standing Committee was changed to the Council. Occasionally
minor amendments to the Constitution were adopted, and several were made
in 1899.

j 2 Classes of Members

Important amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1903 increased the
Council by including in its membership the presidents and vice presidents
of the two preceding years, the other general officers, 9 fellows elected by the
Council, three each year for a term of three years and one fellow elected by
each affiliated society having more than 25 members who were members of
the Association. The term of office of the Permanent Secretarv, the Treas-
urer and secretaries of the sections was 5 years. At this time the Constitution
contained 39 articles.

There was no thorough revision of the Constitution of the Association
from 1874 to 1920, a period of 46 years. In this interval the membership of
the Association had increased from 722 to 11,547. Affiliated and associated
societies had been provided for in 1899. In 1920 there were 4T affiliated
societies, 12 affiliated academies of science and 40 associated societies. Under
these greatly changed conditions a revised and simplified constitution became
imperative. In 1917 a committee consisting of J. McKeen Cattell, H. L.
Fairchild and D. T. MacDougal was appointed to make a radical revision of
the Constitution. The report of the committee was presented and adopted
in 1920. The Constitution consisted of only 11 articles and of 11 By-Laws
defining rules of procedure subject to amendment by vote of the Council.
This Constitution, except for minor amendments indicated by italics as it is
printed on pages 61 and 62, is in effect at the present time.

The constitution adopted in 1920 increased the annual dues of members
from three to five dollars.

Classics of Members

There are six classes of members: sustaining members, life members,
emeritus life members, emeritus annual members, fifty-year members, and
annual members ; in addition, there are honorary British Association mem-
bers and honorary junior members.

Sustaining members are members who have given to the Association one
thousand dollars ; they are exempt from annual dues. The payments received
1)}' the Association from sustaining members form part of the permanent
Kind of the Association, the income of which is used for research. Sustaining
members have all the privileges of annual members. For the complete list of
sustaining members see page 203.

Life members are members who have paid to the Association one hundred
dollars at one time ; they also are exempt from annual dues. Payments re-
ceived from life members become ( after their respective deaths) part of the
permanent fund of the Association, the income from which is used for re-
search. Life members have all the privileges of annual members. For the
complete list of life members see page 203.

Emeritus life members are members whose life membership payment has

Classes ot Members 73

been made, by direction of the Council, from income of the Jane M. Smith
endowment for this purpose. Usually emeritus life members are chosen by
the Council from the members who have had longest continuous membership
in the Association. Emeritus life members are exempt from the payment of
annual dues and have all the privileges of annual members. For the complete
list of emeritus life members see page 210.

Emeritus annual members are members, usually chosen from among those
of longest continuous membership in the Association, whose dues have been
paid by direction of the Council from the income of the Luella A. Owen
fund. Emeritus annual members have all the privileges of annual members.

Fifty-year members are members who have paid annual dues for 50 years
and have been excused from further payments. For the list of 50-year
members see page 212.

. hiiuial members are members who pay annual dues. For the complete list
of all persons who have been members at any time between June 1, 1934.
and July 1, 1940, see page 217.

Fellozvs are members of any class who have been elected to fellowship by
the Council of the Association in recognition of their having contributed to
the advancement of science by the publication of original research or in other
significant manner. Before a member is eligible for election as a fellow he
must have been nominated by three fellows, the Permanent Secretary or a
Section Secretary or a Section Committee, and approved by the Section
Committee in whose field his work mainly lies.

All of the foregoing members receive with their membership a subscrip-
tion to either Science or The Scientific Monthly for each calendar year of
their membership.

Honorary BritisJi Association members are officers and members of the
Council of the British Association elected to membership for one year by the
Council of the Association under the arrangement between the British Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science and the American Association for
the Advancement of Science for reciprocal British and American Association
lectures on alternate years. These members pay no dues. They receive the
general programs, preliminary announcements and reports of the meetings
of the Association, but they do not receive subscriptions to Science or The
Scientific Monthly. For a complete list of Honorary British Association
members see page 213.

Honorary junior members are boys and girls, nominated by the affiliated
academies of science, who have been elected by the Council of the Associa-
tion to honorary junior membership for one year. Each affiliated academy is
entitled to nominate only one boy and one girl each year from the junior
academy or junior science clubs of its territory. Honorary junior members
pay no dues. They receive certificates of membership, general programs.

74 The Council

preliminary announcements and reports of the meetings of the Association
and a subscription to Science News Letter during the year of their member-
ship. For a complete list of honorary junior members see page 214.

Annual Dues of Members

The annual dues of annual members and fellows are $5 per year, payable
in advance. Of these dues, $3 pays for a subscription to either Science or
The Scientific Monthly. The fiscal year of the Association is from October 1
to September 30. The subscription to Science or The Scientific Monthly
going with each membership is for the calendar year beginning three months
after the membership year beginning on October 1. New volumes of both
Science and The Scientific Monthly begin with the calendar year.

Of the dues paid by each member of the Pacific Division and the South-
western Division, $1 goes to the respective division for office expenses.

The Council

The control of the Association, including the election of officers, the elec-
tion of members and fellows, the determining of places and dates of meet-
ings, the establishing of policies and the appropriation of funds, is vested in
the Council of the Association.

The Council consists of the President, the Vice Presidents, the Permanent
Secretary, the General Secretary, the secretaries of the Sections, the Treas-
urer, the members of the Executive Committee, a representative from each
of the two divisions of the Association, eight fellows, two of whom are elected
annually by the Council for a term of four years, two from each affiliated
society having more than 100 members who are fellows of the Association,
and one from each of the other affiliated societies and from each affiliated
academy of science. There are members of the Council representing every
major field of science and interest of the Association. The great majority of
the members of the Council are elected by the sections and affiliated societies
which are entirely independent of the Executive Committee and the general
officers of the Association. It would be difficult to lodge the power of an
organization having more than 21,000 members in a more representative and
democratically elected body than the Council.

The scientific interests of the general officers, the Executive Committee,
the eight elected members of the Council, the representatives of the divisions
of the Association, the representatives of such general organizations as
American Association of University Professors, and the representatives of
the affiliated academies of science cannot be given any fixed distribution
among the sciences because they vary from time to time. There are 66 such
members of the Council, and there are 174 others whose interests are dis-
tributed among the major scientific fields as follows: mathematics, 7;

Election of the President 75

physics, 11 ; chemistry, 7; astronomy, 6; geology and geography, 13; zool-
ogy, 14; botany, 12, both zoology and botany, 15 ; anthropology, 4; psychol-
ogy, 7; social and economic sciences, 5; historical and philological sciences,
5; engineering, 18; medical sciences, 31 ; agriculture, 10, and education, 9.
The total number of members of the Council on January 1, 1940 was 240.
All of the 21,150 members of the Association, except 471, have been
recorded, at their request, as desiring affiliation with one or more of the 15
sections. It may be interesting to measure the correspondence between the
number of members interested in the various scientific fields and their repre-
sentation on the Council. The numbers of representatives on the Council for
the various sections for each 1000 members affiliated with the respective
sections are as follows: Mathematics, 4.3; physics, 3.1; chemistry, 1.3;
astronomy, 7 ; geology and geography, 6.3 ; zoology, 5.1 ; botany, 5.4 ; anthro-
pology, 4; psychology, 3.6; social and economic sciences, 6.0; historical and
philological sciences, 11.5 ; engineering, 6; medical sciences, 5.2 ; agriculture,
5.1 ; education, 4.5.

Election of the President

Perhaps nothing shows better the democratic organization and operation
of the Association than the election of its presidents. In July the office of the
Permanent Secretary sends to each member of the Council a preliminary
nomination ballot. There are on it the names of the past presidents for the
preceding 20 years and the field in which each of them was distinguished.
About 15 of the names receiving the greatest number of votes in the pre-
liminary ballot by the Council are included on the nomination ballot sent
out to the entire membership of the Association on October 1, and also the
names of the presidents for the preceding 20 years. The members are advised
that they may make nominations other than those made by the Council.

At the election of the president by the Council at the annual meeting in
December the names of from 10 to 15 persons receiving the greatest number
of votes on the ballots returned from the entire membership are placed on
the blackboard in alphabetical order. The president calls for nominations
from the floor. Then the Council proceeds to the election by ballot of a presi-
dent of the Association for the following year.

The Executive Committee

The Constitution of the Association provides for an Executive Committee
of the Council for two reasons : ( 1 ) It is sometimes necessary to transact
business of the Association between meetings of the Council (it meets only
at meetings of the Association ) , and (2) it is practically necessary to have a
smaller group than the entire Council of nearly 250 members for intensive
study of the problems of the Association. For the first of these reasons the

y6 The Sections

Executive Committee holds two interim meetings each year, one in April
and one in October. An example of the problems that the Council refers to
the Executive Committee with full power of decision is that of determining"
which of the symposia presented at meetings of the Association and offered
for publication shall be accepted. In nearly all cases the Executive Com-
mittee refers to the Council the questions it has studied, with recommenda-
tions ; in exceptional cases in which prompt decisions are necessary the
Executive Committee acts and reports its actions to the Council.

The Sections

The scientific programs of the meetings of the Association are largely
organized under 15 sections in cooperation with the affiliated and associated
societies. Each section has a Chairman, who is a vice president of the Asso-
ciation for the section, with a term of office of one year, a Secretary, with a
term of office of four years, and a Section Committee, consisting of four
fellows, one of whom is elected each year by the section committee for a
term of four years, and the representatives on the Council from the affiliated
societies whose chief interests are in the field of the section.

The vice president for each section delivers a formal vice presidential
address, usually at the meeting at which his term of office expires, on some
subject of wide interest in the held of the section. The addresses of the vice
presidents are generally published in Science and are referred to with titles
and places of publication in the Summarized Proceedings.

The secretaries as chief administrative officers of the sections have burden-
some and important responsibilities, among which are the planning of pro-
grams at the meetings of the Association, generally in cooperation with the
officers of several affiliated societies. Many of the programs of sections and
their cooperating affiliated societies contain more papers than an)- entire
program of the Association for the first 50 years of its existence. The section
secretaries also arrange for the voting of the section committees, or the mem-
bers of the sections, on nominations of vice presidents, nominations of
section committeemen, nominations of fellows, election of committees and
other special representatives. In order to provide an easy opportunity for
interchanges of ideas between secretaries and for conferences respecting the
problems arising in the operations of the sections, a Secretaries Conference
is held at each annual meeting of the Association. This conference follows a
dinner and is attended by the members of the Executive Committee.

Divisions oe the Association

It is costly for members of the Association living on the Pacific Slope or
in the southwestern mountain states to attend meetings of the Association
held on the Eastern Seaboard or even in the Mississippi Valley. Yet meet-

Divisions of tiik Association j~

ings of the Association must generally be held in the populous regions east
of the Rocky Mountains. Moreover, the rapid increase in scientific research
and membership of the Association made it advisable to hold more than one
meeting each year. These considerations led to the establishment of the
Pacific Division in 1915 and of the Southwestern Division in 1920.

Members of the Association on the Pacific: Slope, about 1000 in number,
had found it advantageous to hold meetings under what was called the
"Pacific Coast Committee of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science," which was organized in 191 3. At the meeting of the Association
held in San Francisco in August, 191 5, the Pacific Division was formally
established by the Council and held its first meeting at San Diego in August,
1916. (See By-Laws, Article VI, Section 2, for the territory of the Pacific
Division.)

On April 26, 1920, the Executive Committee of the Association approved
the organization of the Southwestern Division that had been tentatively made
at a meeting of delegates held in Tucson, Arizona, on April to. (See By-
Laws, Article VI, Section 3, for the territory of the Southwestern Division.)
The Southwestern Division held its first meeting at FA Paso, Texas, on
April 30, 1920.

The divisions of the Association are entirely autonomous, under the pro-
visions of the Constitution. They elect their own officers, determine the
places and times of their meetings, arrange their programs, and publish pre-
liminary announcements and reports of their meetings. Occasionally the two
divisions hold joint meetings, and at times the Association holds a joint
meeting with one or both of them. The members of the Pacific and South-
western Divisions have one member each on the Council of the Association
and participate in its elections, but the reverse is not true. This close co-
operation under complete freedom is admirably fulfilling the purpose of the
Association, the advancement of science.

The membership records of members resident in the territories of the
Pacific and Southwestern divisions are kept in the office of the Permanent
Secretary, the annual dues of these members are collected by the Permanent
Secretary, their journals are ordered from the office of the Permanent Secre-
tary, and all communications to them concerning the Association as a whole
are sent out from the office of the Permanent Secretary. But the offices of the
divisions have their own expenses which are provided for by an allowance
of $1 for each of their annual members from the funds of the office of the
Permanent Secretary.

Local Branches

At the meeting held in Atlanta, ( ia., December, 1913 — January, 1914, the
Council authorized "the establishment of local branches in places where the

78 Affiliated and Associated Societies

members are prepared to conduct organizations that will forward the objects
of the Association." Branches with varying degrees of success have been
organized at seven places. The following organizations have functioned as
branches: South Florida Science Association, Lancaster (Pa.) Branch
(nearly iooo members), Mobile (Ala.) Academy of Science, Phoenix
(Ariz.) Local Branch, Plattsburg (N. Y.) Branch, Southern Rhode Island
Branch, and Westchester (N. Y.) Institute of Sciences.

Affiliated and Associated Societies

In 1899 the Constitution of the Association first referred to "Affiliated
Societies," which were defined as scientific societies meeting contemporane-
ously with the Association and which were recognized by vote of the Council
as Affiliated Societies. The number of affiliated and associated societies has
steadily increased to 174 on July 1, 1940.

Affiliated and associated societies are societies whose purposes, organiza-
tions and activities have been approved by the Council by admitting them
into one of these relationships with the Association. Affiliated and associated
societies pay no entrance fees or dues and are invited to hold their meetings
simultaneously with, and in cooperation with, the meetings of the Associa-
tion. When affiliated and associated societies meet with the Association, the
office of the Permanent Secretary arranges for their headquarters, meeting
rooms and necessary equipment. The outstanding features of their programs
are included in the preliminary announcements of the meetings of the Asso-
ciation and the Permanent Secretary's reports of the meetings that are pub-
lished in Science. The complete programs of their meetings are included in
the General Programs of the meetings of the Association.

The only practical difference between the relationship of an affiliated
society and an associated society with the Association is that the former has
representation on the Council and the latter does not. If an affiliated society
has more than 100 members who are fellows of the Association, it has two
representatives on the Council ; otherwise it has only one.

Associated and affiliated societies whose interests are limited to a recog-
nized field of science cooperate with the corresponding sections of the Asso-
ciation, and their representatives on the Council are ex officio members of
their Section Committees. For example, the American Physical Society co-
operates with the Section on Physics. It is the policy of the Association for
its sections to cooperate, rather than compete, with their related affiliated and
associated societies. Some sections hold only one or two sessions of invited
papers by eminent specialists in their fields, leaving the major part of the
programs to the affiliated and associated societies.

There are some affiliated societies, such as the Society of the Sigma Xi,
whose interests are not limited to special fields. Their representatives on the

Finances 79

Council are assigned to the section committees of the sections in whose fields
the representatives' chief interests lie.

The steps to be taken by a society to become an affiliated or associated
society are : First its secretary files with the Permanent Secretary an appli-
cation for the relationship, a copy of its constitution and by-laws, a list of its
members and a copy of its publication, if it has any ; then the application and
accompanying data are presented by the Permanent Secretary to the Execu-
tive Committee, which makes its recommendation to the Council.

Finances

Article 10 of the Constitution separates the finances of the Association
into two parts, one under the control of the Treasurer and the other under
the control of the Permanent Secretary. The Treasurer has charge of the
permanent funds of the Association, such as endowments for support of
research, general funds and bequests for special purposes, such as the Jane
M. Smith fund for emeritus life members, fees of sustaining and life mem-
bers (after their death) and reserves that may be set up by authority of the
Council. The Treasurer disburses the income from the funds in his charge in
accordance with previously submitted budgets that have been approved by
the Council.

The Permanent Secretary collects dues from members, moneys due the
Association from the sale of publications, such as summarized proceedings
and symposia, interest on bank deposits, registration fees at meetings of the
Association, rentals of booths at the annual science exhibitions, and gifts
from members for general purposes. The Permanent Secretary also admin-
isters funds given as grants for the support of specific researches, such as
science in education on the college level. Nearly all of the receipts of the
office of the Permanent Secretary are from the dues of annual members.
Since three dollars of the annual membership dues of five dollars are used to
pay for the subscription to Science or The Scientific Monthly, by far the
largest disbursements from the office of the Permanent Secretary are for
journal subscriptions for members. The next largest item of expenditure by
the office of the Permanent Secretary is for salaries of the office force and
operating expenses of the office, including such items as postage, office
equipment and supplies, and telephone and telegraph. The final large item
of expense borne by the office of the Permanent Secretary is that of the
meetings of the Association. The Association assumes all general expenses
of its meetings, including both those of its own sections and those of the
affiliated and associated societies that meet with it. All collections and dis-
bursements of moneys by the Permanent Secretary are in accordance with
previously submitted budgets that have been approved by the Council.

8o Finances

From

THE TrEASU

rer's Report

Interest x

Research -

Academies 3

Journals 1

Price 5

$8,530.98

.$1,870

$i,536

$1,000

8,273-89

2,950

$50

1,506

T,ooo

8,195.04

3,000

2,500

1,506

1,000

7,736.66

4,000

2,765

i,58l

1,000

7,252.60

2,725

2,035

1,686

1,000

7,403-27

2,000

2,615

1,668

1,000

The following table gives the principal items of receipts and disbursements
by the Treasurer for the years 1934-1939, inclusive :

Fiscal year

1933-4
1934-5
1935-6
1936-7
1937-8
1938-9

1 Interest received only from Endowment for Research and General Funds.

2 Grants in aid of research recommended by the Grants Committee and approved by the Council.

3 Grants to the affiliated academies for use in aid of research, the amount available being approxi-
mately 50 cents per year for each member of an affiliated academy who is a member of the Association.

4 Amounts paid for subscriptions to Science or The Scientific Monthly for life members and fifty-
year members.

3 Annual Thousand Dollar Prize to the person who has been recommended by the Prize Committee
and approved by the Council as the recipient of the prize for a paper presented at the annual meeting
of the Association. The funds for the Thousand Dollar Prize are provided by an anonymous friend of
the Association.

The following table gives the principal items of income and the principal
items of expense of the office of the Permanent Secretary for the years 1934-
1939, inclusive:

From the Permanent Secretary's Reports

Circular- Meetings Regis-
Fiscal year Dues 1 Journals 2 Office 3 iaation 4 Expense 5 tration G Divisions 1

1933-4 $81,848 $50,116 $19,852 $2923 $9194 $2297 $2133

1934-5 81,766 50,425 20,051 3650 8492 3188 2210

t 935-6 84,288 51,776 21,222 3925 9492 2702 2275

1936-7 84,316 52,083 20,138 3176 9864 3149 2264

1937-8 88,284 54,6i4 23,971 3096 7790 3926 2358

1938-9 93,8o4 57,922 25,349 5485 7752 2786 2256

1 Annual dues of members and entrance fees.

- Subscriptions to Science and The Scientific Monthly for members.

3 Salaries, postage, equipment, supplies, telephone, etc.

4 Expense of circular letters inviting persons to become members of the Association.

5 Total expense to the Association of the meetings for the respective years.

6 Money received from registrants, one dollar each, at the meetings; available to apply against ex-
pense of meetings.

7 The Pacific Division and the Southwestern Divisions are allowed one dollar per member each year
for office expenses.

Meetings of the Association
With few exceptions the annual meetings of the Association from its
founding in 1848 to the year 1902 were held in August. Apparently one of
the reasons for the choice was that university and college men were on vaca-
tion at that time of the year. But after the opening of The University of
Chicago in 1893 summer sessions in universities rapidly became common
and the vacation consideration lost its importance. Moreover, the American
Society of Naturalists and a related group of scientific societies were holding
meetings in the Christmas holidays. On the recommendation of a com-

Meetings of the Association 8i

mittee, of which Charles S. Minot was chairman, the annual meeting at
Pittsburgh in June-July. 1902, was followed by a meeting in Washington in
December, 1902- — January, 1903. Since that year all annual meetings of the
Association have been held during Convocation Week.

In 1922 a committee, of which J. McKeen Cattell was chairman, made a
thorough study of the whole problem of meetings and recommended that a
twelve-year cycle be adopted. Under this plan major meetings were to be
held cyclically in four-year intervals in Washington, New York and Chi-
cago ; in mid-periods in large cities in succession in New England, the
Central States and the Middle Atlantic States. It was also recommended that
a summer meeting be held in 1923.

The recommendations were adopted by the Council and a joint meeting
with the Pacific Division and the Southwestern Division was held in Los
Angeles in September, 1923, just before the total eclipse of the sun of that
year, the track of which passed across Southern California. A summer meet-
ing was held in 1925, a joint meeting with the Southwestern Division at
Boulder, Colorado, but no other summer meeting was scheduled until 193 1,
when a joint meeting with the Pacific Division was held at Pasadena, Cali-
fornia. Since 1931 the Association has held a summer meeting each year.
Two summer meetings are scheduled for 194T, one at Durham, N. H., in
June and one at Chicago in September.

Various considerations enter into the choosing of places for meetings of
the Association. Perhaps the primary one is that they should be distributed
widely over the country. Another is that they should be held in or near large
centers of scientific interests. They must be held where facilities are adequate
and reasonably concentrated. This is not a light requirement, for at the
winter meetings there must be available at one time for the sessions of the
Association sections and of the affiliated and associated societies at least 60
meeting rooms with seating capacities ranging from 75 to 500 and equipped
with projection apparatus. Moreover, there must be suitable headquarters
for the Association and for from 20 to 50 affiliated and associated societies.
Finally, it must be possible to serve at least six or eight large luncheons or
dinners at the same time. One of the most difficult requirements to meet is a
suitable, conveniently located space of at least 20.000 square feet for the
annual science exhibition and general registration headquarters and lounge.
At summer meetings science exhibitions are not held and other requirements
are about half those for winter meetings.

The first step in choosing a place for a meeting is usually an invitation
from local institutions or organizations, supported by members of the Asso-
ciation living in the city extending the invitation. If the invitation is looked
on with favor by the Executive Committee, the office of the Permanent
Secretary makes a survey of the physical and other facilities available in the

82 Meetings of the Association

city from which the invitation is received. If the report is favorable, the
Executive Committee may recommend to the Council that the invitation be
accepted. If the recommendation is adopted by the Council, the inviting insti-
tution is notified that the invitation is accepted and arrangements are taken
up in due course for holding the meeting. Usually invitations are accepted
several years in advance of the dates when the meetings will be held.

Article IV, Section 4 of the By-Laws of the Association provides that "A
local committee shall be organized by the members resident in the place
where a meeting of the Association is held." This committee has heavy re-
sponsibilities both in work and in taking care of local expenses. Usually a
local committee, of from five to twenty-five members is organized, variously
styled "The Local Committee," "The General Committee," "The General
Planning Committee," or "The Committee on Arrangements." The chair-
man of this committee should always be a man of eminence, wide influence,
high executive ability and thoroughness. The executive secretary should
have the same qualities. Often an "Advisory Committee" from local educa-
tional institutions, academies, museums and other cultural organizations is
set up. Such committees rarely do an appreciable amount of work. There
are, however, subcommittees of great importance, the chairman of each of
which should be especially well qualified by experience and ability to carry
efficiently the responsibilities placed upon his committee. The special com-
mittees usually are : (1) Finance, (2) Transportation. (3) Excursions, (4)
Receptions and Social Functions, (5) Meeting Places, (6) Special Dinners,
(7) Equipment, (8) Printing, (9) Exhibits, and (To) Publicity. These
committees function in close cooperation with the office of the Permanent
Secretary which furnishes the chairman of the General Committee a detailed
list of the arrangements that must be made. For example, the finance com-
mittee provides the funds necessary to meet the expenses of the various local
subcommittees. The amount required at annual meetings is usually about
$5,000, and half as much at the summer meetings. The special committee on
printing cooperates with the office of the Permanent Secretary in making
arrangements for printing and assisting in getting through the press the
General Program of the meeting, a book of about 300 pages for the annual
meetings and about 120 for the summer meetings. The other special com-
mittees assume obvious responsibilities. The work of every committee must
be organized thoroughly and carried out with precision so that its responsi-
bilities will all be completely fulfilled at predetermined dates and possibly
hours.

Publications

Science and The Scientific Monthly. First on the list of publications in
which the Association is interested are Science and The Scientific Monthly,
titles to which were transferred to the Association in December, 1938, by

Publications 83

J. McKeen Cattell and Josephine Owen Cattell. Dr. and Mrs. Cattell retain
full control as editors and publishers of these journals until they voluntarily
relinquish control of them or until Dr. Cattell's death. When control of them
passes to the Association, the Association, under the terms of an agreement
entered into at the time of the transfer of title, will pay J. McKeen Cattell
and Josephine Owen Cattell each year for a period of ten years one-half of
the average annual net income of each of these journals for the pre-
ceding five years. In determining the net income no charge is to be made for
the services of Dr. Cattell and Mrs. Cattell to these journals as editors and
publishers.

Science is a weekly journal now in its ninety-second volume and has been
the official journal of the Association since 1900. The Scientific Monthly is
a 96-page illustrated journal now in its fifty-first volume. Each member of
the Association receives with his membership a subscription to either Science
or The Scientific MontJily, at his option. To nonmembers the annual sub-
scription to Science is $6.00 and to The Scientific Monthly, $5.00.

The Association Symposia. In January, 1934, the Science Press pub-
lished as a supplement to Science a report on "The Protection by Patents of
Scientific Discoveries" that had been submitted by the Committee on Patents,
Copyrights and Trade Marks, consisting of Joseph Rossman, Chairman,
K. G. Cottrell, A. W. Hull and A. F. Woods. This report was published
under the general title "Occasional Publications of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science," No. 1, and appeared as a supplement to
Science, vol. 79. In the same year a symposium on "Physical and Chemical
Changes in Nerve During Activity" was published as No. 2 of this series.
The third on "The Scientific Aspects of Flood Control" was published in
1936. The first two of these publications are out of print. The fourth, a sym-
posium on "Some Fundamental Aspects of the Cancer Problem," was pub-
lished in June, 1937. Copies of this 248-page volume are still available.

Financial responsibility for the publication of the first four of the "Occa-
sional Publications of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science" was assumed by the Science Press. Since other symposia of high
merit were being organized for presentation at meetings of the Association,
it appeared likely that their publication might assume considerable propor-
tions. After considerable discussion the Council passed the following resolu-
tion on December 27, 1937: "That the Association assume responsibility for
the publication of such symposia as shall be passed upon and approved by
the Executive Committee". At the same meeting, the Council approved the
recommendation of the Executive Committee "that the Association assume
full responsibility for the publication of the Acid-fast Bacteria [later called
Tuberculosis and Leprosy] symposium presented at the Denver meeting,
June, 1937." The Association has assumed full responsibility for all its later

84 Grants

symposia (except one 1 ) that have been published. The list is as follows:

Tuberculosis and Leprosy (24 contributors) 1938

Syphilis (33 contributors) 1938
Recent Advances in Surface Chemistry and Chemical Physics

(12 contributors) 1939

The Migration and Conservation of Salmon (9 contributors) 1939

Mental Health (94 contributors) 1939

Problems of Lake Biology (9 contributors) 1939

The Gonococcus and Gonococcal Infection (45 contributors/) 1939

The Genetics of Pathogenic Organisms (11 contributors) 1940

Blood, Heart and Circulation (53 contributors) 1940

The Cell and Protoplasm (17 contributors) 1940

The Association publishes only those symposia presented at its meetings
that are systematic, comprehensive and documented discussions by eminent
specialists of important limited fields of science. It has been said that only
those symposia are published that the Association cannot afford not to pub-
lish. However that may be, the ten published in the past three years have
received hearty approval by specialists in their fields and a gratifying" number
of copies of them have been sold. The policy has been adopted of selling" the
symposia and all other publications of the Association at discounts to its
members.

77/f Association Science Series. In June, 1939, the Association entered
into a contract with Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc., for the publica-
tion, at the publisher's expense, of nontechnical books on scientific subjects
of wide general interest. Manuscripts submitted for this series are passed on
by a committee representing the Association and by the publishers. Only if
a manuscript is accepted both by the Association and by the publishers does
it appear as one of the Association Science Series of books.

The first book in this series is "Multiple Human Births," by H. H. New-
man, which is scheduled to appear from the press on October 21, 1940. The
second is "Strange Malady" (allergy), by Warren T. Vaughan, which is
scheduled to be published in January, 1941. Members of the Association will
be allowed discounts of 20 per cent from the list prices of these books.

Grants

Each year the Council makes an appropriation out of the income from
the endowment and permanent funds of the Association for grants in aid of
research. The amounts appropriated may vary from year to year, depending
upon the income available for the purpose. The amount appropriated in each
of the past six years is given in the table on page 80.

The individual grants are made by the Council upon the recommendation
of the Committee on Grants, which consists of 8 members, two elected each

1 The exception is "The Cell Theory," presented at the Virginia (Richmond) meeting in Decembei
1938; published by the Jaques Cattell Press, Lancaster, Pa.

Prizes 85

year for a term of 4 years. The members of the Grants Committee are chosen
from among the various sciences so that every principal field is represented.
1 11 October of each year a note is published in Science, stating that the Asso-
ciation gives grants and that instructions and blanks for making applications
can be obtained from the office of the Permanent Secretary. Early in De-
cember the Permanent Secretary sends copies of all applications received to
each member of the Grants Committee. The Grants Committee reports its
recommendations, through the office of the Permanent Secretary, to the
Council at the annual meeting of the Association, and the Council formally
votes the grants. The grants are usually for amounts not exceeding $200,
and they are often for aid in completing research already well under way or
for which funds have been provided in part from other sources. Each re-
cipient of a grant is required to report to the Association on the results
obtained with its aid.

Since 1935 the Association each year has made available to each affiliated
academy for grants in aid of research an amount approximately equal to
$0.50 for each of its members who is also a member of the Association. The
funds for the grants are appropriated by the Council. The academies decide
on the grants they desire to make and notify the office of the Permanent
Secretary, which transmits to them the amounts made available under the
appropriation by the Council.

The Association makes these funds available to the academies because
experience has shown that they contribute efficiently to the advancement of
science. Through the affiliated academies the Association is able to extend
its assistance very widely and to aid many persons who would not otherwise
be reached.

Prizes

The Association awards two prizes each year, "The Thousand Dollar
Prize" provided by an anonymous friend of the Association for a paper of
high importance presented before a scientific session at the annual meeting,
and the "Theobald Smith Award," provided by the Eli Lilly Company, of
Indianapolis, Ind., for a distinguished contribution to medical science by a
person under thirty-five years of age. This award is made at summer
meetings.

The recipients of the Thousand Dollar Prize, their fields and the subjects
of their papers for which the prizes have been awarded are as follows :

1923. Leonard Eugene Dickson (mathematics). "The Theory of Numbers."

1924. (1) Edwin P. Hubble 1 (astronomy). "The Spiral Nebulae." (2) L. R. Cleve-
land 1 (biology). "The Physiology of Termites and their Intestinal Protozoa."

1925. Dayton C. Miller (physics). "The Ether-drift Experiment."

1926. George D. Birkhoff (mathematics). "Mathematical Criticism of some Physical
Theories."

1 Shared equally the prize for 1925.

86 The Annual Science Exhibition

1927. H. J. Muller (genetics). "The Influence of X-rays on Genes and Chromosomes."'

1928. Oliver Kamm (chemistry). "The Hormones of the Pituitary Gland."

1929. Arthur J. Dempster (physics). "The Reflection of Protons from a Calcite
Crystal."

1930. M. A. Tuve, L. R. Hafstad and O. Dahl (physics). "The Production of Beta
Rays and Gamma Rays by Means of High-Yoltage Vacuum Tubes."

1931. C. C. Speidel (medicine). "The Study of Living Nerves."

1932. Henry Eyring (chemistry). "Quantum Mechanics and Chemistry with Particular
Reference to Reactions Involving Conjugate Double Bonds."

! 933- Reuben L. Kahn (medicine). "Tissue Reactions in Immunity; the Specific Re-
acting Capacities of Different Tissues of an Immunized Animal."
1934. Vera O. Knudsen (physics). "The Absorption of Sound in Gases."
J 935- P- W. Zimmerman (plant physiology) and A. E. Hitchcock (botany). "Re-
sponses of Plants to Synthetic Growth Substances (Phyto-hormones)."

1936. W. M. Stanley (chemistry). "Some Biochemical Investigations on Crystalline
Tobacco Mosaic Virus Proteins."

1937. Philip R. White (botany). "Root Pressure — an Unappreciated Force in Sap
Movement."

1938. Norman R. F. Maier (psychology). "Experimentally Produced Neurotic Be-
havior in the Rat."

1939. I. I. Rabi (physics). "Radio Frequency Spectra of Atoms and Molecules."

The Theobald Smith Awards in Medical Science have been as follows :

1937. Robley D. Evans. "A Study of Radium Poisoning."

1938. Charles F. Code. "Histamine in the Blood."

1939. Albert B. Sabin. "Constitutional Barriers to Involvement of the Nervous System
by Certain Viruses."

The Annual Science Exhibition

At the meeting held in Kansas City in 1925 the Association had its first
science exhibition, managed by Major H. S. Kimberly, of Washington, and
Professor Albert Saeger, of Kansas City. There were 10 exhibits by leading
manufacturers of scientific instruments, apparatus, biological models, mate-
rials and supplies, and exhibits by several agencies of the Government, in-
cluding the Bureau of Standards, the Chemical Warfare Service (com-
bating boll weevil and other pests), the Bureau of Fisheries, the F'ixed
Nitrogen Research Laboratory, the Navy and the Smithsonian Institution.
In addition, there were about 25 exhibits by individual scientists and labora-
tories.

At each annual meeting of the Association since 1925 a science exhibition
has been held. The mere fact that the exhibits have been held for 16 suc-
cessive years proves that they have been of advantage both to the exhibitors
and to the Association. Scientists and institutions presenting individual
exhibits have shown other scientists in the most efficient way what they are
doing and how they are doing it. And those who visit these exhibits may
make valuable comments and suggestions to the exhibiting scientists about

The Annual Science Exhibition 87

the problems on which they are working. In short, the exhihits by scientists
and institutions give unsurpassed opportunities for conferences between
experts on important scientific problems and methods in the atmosphere of
the laboratory.

Publishers of scientific books find at the meetings of the Association large
numbers of prospective purchasers of their publications. The members of the
Association look over the new books in their fields not only to decide what
they will themselves purchase but to make recommendations to libraries and
for adoption for classroom use.

Once scientists worked in garrets with instruments of their own construc-
tion. Now the progress of science is essentially dependent on those who make
the enormous variety of instruments and equipment that scientists use. No
astronomer could construct a 100-inch telescope ; no biologist could make his
own compound microscope ; no chemist could produce the delicate scales he
uses in his work; no medical man could design an electrocardiograph that
would function. Specialists design and manufacture all such things, often at
very great cost in time and money. They and the scientists together promote
the advancement of science. For these reasons the Association welcomes the
manufacturers of scientific equipment, apparatus and supplies of all kinds in
their annual science exhibitions.

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

For the Period Jan. 1934 - Jan. 1940

Volumes LXXXVII - XCIII

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION, 1934-1940

Presidents of the Association. 1034- '940
(For the calendar years)

Edward L. Thorndike ( psychology), Columbia University 1934

Karl T. Compton ( physics), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. . . 1935

Edward G. Conklin ( zoology), Princeton University 1936

( ieorge D. Birkhofr (mathematics). Harvard University 1937

Wesley C. Mitchell (economics), Columbia University 1938

Walter B Cannon (physiology), Harvard University 1939

Albert F. Blakeslee (genetics), Department of Genetics of Carnegie
Institution of Washington, Cold Spring Harbor, X. Y T940

Presidents of the Pacific Division, 1934-1940
(To the annual meetings in June )

Joel H. Hildebrand (chemistry), University of California 1934

Bailey Willis (geology), Stanford University 1935

Richard C. Tolman (physics), California Institute of Technology 1936

Herbert M. Evans (anatomy), University of California 1937

J. S. Plaskett (astronomy), Dominion Astrophysieal Observatory,

Victoria, B. C i93 lS

S. J. Holmes (zoology), University of California x 939

Lewis M. Terman (psychology), Stanford University T 94°

Harald U. Sverdrup (oceanography), Scripps Institution of

Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif 194 1

Presidents of the Southwestern Division, 1934-T940

( To the annual meetings in April)

Oliver C. Lester (pbysics), Colorado Carnotite Company 1934

D. S. Robbins (physics), State College, Xew Mexico 1935

Harold S. Colton (zoology), Museum of Northern Arizona 193O

Frank E. E. Germann (chemistry), University of Colorado 1937

Frank E. E. Germann (chemistry), University of Colorado 1938

E. F. Carpenter (astronomy), University of Arizona 1939

John R. Eyer ( biology), State College, New Mexico 1940

Carrol V. Xewson (mathematics), University of Xew Mexico 1941

91

9 2

Section Officers

SECTION OFFICERS

Mathematics (A)

Vice Presidents

R. D. Carmichael '934

T. H. Hildebrandt 1935

G. C. Evans 10.51.

W. D. Cairns 1937

J R. Kline 1938

Marston Morse 1939

A. B. Coble 1940

Secretaries

William H. Roever 1920-24

R. C. Archibald 1925-27

Charles N. Moore 1928-32

Earle R. Hedrick 1933-

Physics (B)

Vice Presidents

Henry G. Gale 1934

John T. Tate 1935

George R. Pegrani 1936

Harvey Fletcher 1937

H. E. Ives 1938

E. O. Lawrence 1939

A. L. Hughes 1940

Secretaries

G. W. Stewart 1917—20

S. R. Williams 1921-24

A. L. Hughes 1925-32

H. A. Barton 1933-

Chemistry (C)

Vice Presidents

Joel H. Hildebrand 1934

Moses Gomberg 1935

Irving Langmuir 1936

Farrington Daniels 193"

H. C. Urey 1938

Henry C. Gilman 1939

George Scatchard 1940

Secretaries

Charles E. Caspari 1 920

Gerald L. Wendt 1921

W. D. Harkins 1922-24

Gerhard Dietrichson l 1925-28

*R. R. Renshaw 1929-31

R. C. Fuson 193.2

1 Assistant secretary, 1923-24.

J. H. Simons 1932-36

Neil E. Gordon 1937-

ASTRONOMY (D)

Vice Presidents

Frederick Slocum 1934

H. R. Morgan 1 935

Frederick H. Seares 1936

Philip Fox 1937

R. Meldrum Stewart 1938

Everett I. Yowell 1939

Robert R. McMath 1940

Secretaries

F. R. Moulton 1920-24

Philip Fox 1925—32

H. T. Stetson 1933—

Geology and Geography (E)

Vice Presidents

James B. Macelvvane 1934

Walter E. McCourt 1035

George R. Mansfield 1 936

Kirtley F. Mather 1937

Walter H. Bucher 1938

Kirk Bryan 1939

Hugh D. Miser 1940

Secretaries

Rollin T. Chamberlin 1920

Elwood S. Moore 1921—24

G. R. Mansfield 1925-28

Kirtley F. Mather 1929-36

Howard A. Meyerhoff i937~

Zoological Sciences (F)

Vice Presidents

George L. Streeter 1934

Oscar Riddle 1935

Ross G. Harrison 1936

Ralph S. Lillie 1937

Francis B. Sumner 1938

W. R. Coe 1939

L. J. Cole 1940

Secretaries

*Herbert V. Neal 1920

H. W. Rand 1921-24

George T. Hargitt 1925-32

George R. La Rue 1933—36

George A. Baitsell 1937-

Section Officers

93

Botanical Sciences (G)
Vice Presidents

Bernard O. Dodge 1934

E. W. Sinnott I93S

J. M. Greenman 1936

F. E. Denny 1937

Raymond J. Pool 1938

Veil E. Stevens 1939

M . L. Fernald 1940

Secretaries

Mel. T. Cook 1920

R. B. Wylie 1921-24

Sam F. Trelease 1925-36

John T. Buchholz I937-

Anthropology (H)

Vice Presidents

Melville J. Herskovits 1934

N. C. Nelson 1935

Ralph Linton 1936

John Swanton 1937

Diamond Jenness 1938

Neil Judd 1939

W. Duncan Strong 1940

Secretaries

E. A. Hooton 1920-22

R. J. Terry 1923-26

Fay-Cooper Cole 1927

Charles H. Danforth 1928-31

Carl E. Guthe 1932

W. M. Krogman i933~

PSYCHOLOGY (I)
Vice Presidents

John E. Anderson 1 934

♦Joseph Peterson . . . .Jan. 1 to Oct. 8, 1935

R. M. Ogden Oct. 27 to Dec. 30, 1935

* Edward S. Robinson 1936

A. T. Poffenberger 1937

Calvin P. Stone 1938

J. F. Dashiell 1938

C. L. Hull 1939

Karl M. Dallenbach 1940

Secretaries

Frank N. Freeman 1920-28

John E. Anderson 1929-33

John A. McGeoch 1934-36

Leonard Carmichael i937 _

Social and Economic

Sciences (K)

Vice Presidents

Carl Snyder 1934

Shelby Harrison 1935

Harold G. Moulton 1936

Stuart Rice 1937

Howard R. Tolley 1938

Warren S. Thompson 1939

Holbrook Working 1940

Secretaries

♦Seymour C. Loomis 1920

R. M. Maclver 1921

Frederick L. Hoffman 1922-26

(No secretary elected for 1927)

Charles F. Roos 1928-31

Harold Hotelling 1931-32

James Ford 1933-36

E. P. Hutchinson I937-

Historical and Philological

Sciences (L)
Vice Presidents

Solon J. Buck 1934

George Sarton 1935

E. H. Wilkins 1936

R. C. Archibald 1937

Nelson Glenn McCrea 1938

L. C. Karpinski 1939

Chauncey D. Leake 1940

Secretaries

Frederick E. Brasch 1921-27

Leonard Bloomfield 1928

Joseph Mayer, Secretary of Sub-
section on History of Science. 1929-36
Leonard Bloomfield, Secretary

of Subsection on Linguistics. . 1929-36
Joseph Mayer 1931 -

Engineering (M)
Vice Presidents

C. E. Skinner 1934

H. N. Davis 1935

W. E. Wickenden 1936

J. W. Barker 1937

A. A. Potter 1938

Jerome C. Hunsaker 1931

Robert L. Sackett 1940

94

Section Officers

Secretaries

Frederic L. Bishop 1920

L. W. Wallace 1921-23

Hugh Miller 1924

N. H. Heck 1925-32

Vannevar Bush 1933-37

F. M. Feiker 1937-

Medical Sciences (Nj
Vice Presidents

Cyrus C. Sturgis 1934

Stanhope Bayne-.Tones 1935

Joseph T. Wearn 1936

Esmond R. Long 1937

T. M. Rivers 1938

C. J. Wiggers 1939

Paul R. Cannon 1940

Secretaries

A. J. Goldforb 1 920-27

R. G. Hoskins 1028

Charles W. M. Poynter 1929-31

F. A. Moss 193 1

\Y. W. Cort 1932

W. M. Simpson 1933

''Earl B. McKinley 1934

Vincent du Vigneaud 193S-36

Malcolm H. Soule 1937-

SUBSECTION ON DENTISTRY (Nd)

Chairmen

Theo B. Beust 193S

Thomas J. Hill 1936-

Cotmnitteemen

Win. J. Gies 1935

J. L. T. Appleton 1936—

M. L. Ward 1936-38

Paul C. Kitchin 1939-

SUBSECTION ON PHARMACY (Np)
Chairmen

John C. Krantz. Jr 1936

R. A. Lyman 1937

Wortley F. Rudd 1938

Glenn L. Jenkins 1939

Committeemen

R. A. Lyman 1936

Wortley F. Rudd 1936-37, 1939—

Glenn L. Jenkins 1937-38

Edward Spease 1938-

Agriculture (O)

Vice Presidents

♦Jacob G. Lipman 1934

H. K. Hayes 1935

*P. E. Brown 1936

E. C Auchter 1937

Robert M. Salter 1938

Henry Schmitz 1939

W. H. Chandler 1940

Secretaries

* Jacob G. Lipman 1920

*P. E. Brown 1921-35

M. Francis Morgan 1936—

Education (Q)
Vice Presidents

Guy Thomas Buswell 1934

F. B. Knight 1935

E. S. Evenden 1936

Ralph W. Tyler 1937

George D. Stoddard 1038

M. R. Trabue 1939

E. J. Ashbaugh 1940

Secretaries

*Bird T. Baldwin 1920—21

A. S. Barr 1922-28

Willis L. Uhl 1929-32

William S. Gray 1933—36

P. M. Symonds 1937—38

H. H. Remmers i939~

Asterisk indicates person is deceased.

MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL

95

MEM HERS OF THE COUNCIL

For the Years 1934-1939, Inclusive

K.\ OFFICIO

The President (see page 91)

The Permanent Secretary (see page 57)

The C.eneral Secretary (see page 57)

The Treasurer (see page 57)

The Vice Presidents for the Sections

( see pages 02-04)
The Secretaries of the Sections (see

pages 02-04)

Elected Mem hf.ks

John C. Mcniani 1921—37

Frederick G. Cottrell 1931-34

Austin H. Clark 1 02S--

Arthur II. Coinpton 1928-

W. W. Con 1033-.M

( ieorge T. Hargitt 1933-36

Dugald C. Jackson 1933-3' 1

E. K. Richtmyer i934~37

William F. Ogburn i93S~3' s

Louis B. Wilson 1935-3^

Vincent du Vigneaud I937~

Satti F. T release 1937-

C. C. Colby 193S-

E. R. Weidlein 1938-

1 1 . W. Odum 1939-

W. T. Vanghan i03«-

APPOINTED liY THE DIVISIONS

Pacific Division

W. F. Durand 1933

E. (i. Martin 1934

Roy E. Clausen '935 _

SOUTHWESTERN I )l\'ISION

Oliver C. Lester 1933

Forrest Shreve 1934

Harold S. Colton 1935

Frank E. E. Germann 1936—

Elected by Affiliated
Organizations

(See pages 97-107)

COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCIL

Executive Com mittee

J. McKeen Cattell

Henry B. Ward

Burton E. Livingston

Edwin B. Wilson

David R. Curtiss

Karl T. Compton

Joel H. Hildebrand

Robert A. Millikan

Philip Fjox

Albert F. Woods

Edward L. Thorndike

Edwin G. Conklin

Otis W. Caldwell

*Earl B. McKinley

Rollin T. Chamberlin

I iilbert X. Lewis

(ieorge D. Birkhoff

F. R. Moulton

Wesley C. Mitchell

Esmond R. Long

Linus Pauling

1921 —
1921-
1921-

7928-35
1929-
1020-35
1929—36

■1933-34
1 9 3 3-3 f'

... 11134

1934-
1935-
■ 1935-38

• 1936-37
1936-38
t937-

• 1037-

103S

.1938-

. 1038-30

Walter B. Cannon 1939

A. F. Blakeslee 1940-

Roy E. Clausen 1040-

Fi n a n ce Com m itt ee

John L. Wirt 1923—

Arthur Keith '933-

Wilson Compton I933 -

Arthur L. Day 1924-39

p Herbert Gill 1023-36

F. R. Moulton 1937-

Charles S. Baker '937 -

Frederick P. H. Siddons 1040-

COMMITTEE ON GRANTS

Arthur H. Compton '030-37

Carl E. Guthe i03i~34

Samuel C. Lind 1931-34

William R. Crocker 193-2-35

Philip Fox 1932-35

Edward W. Berry i933~34

Walter R. Miles 1933-36

Asterisk denotes person is deceased.

9 6

Committees of the Council

C. C. Little 1934-37

James B. Macelwane 1935-36

McKeen Cattell 1935-38

Moses Gomberg 1935-38

Joel Stebbins 1936-39

Sam F. Trelease 1936-39

*J. G. Lipman 1937-39

A. T. Poffenberger 1937—

G. H. Parker 1938-

*F. K. Richtmyer 1938-39

Vincent du Vigneaud 1939—

T. R. Hogness 1939-

A. F. Woods 1939—

Dayton C. Miller 1939-

S. A. Mitchell 1940-

John T. Buchholz 1940-

committee on the place of
Science in Education

Otis W. Caldwell 1934-

Karl T. Compton 1934-38

Jerome Isenbarger 1934-

Burton E. Livingston 1934—

Morris Meister 1934-

W. L. Eikenberry 1938-

Ralph W. Tyler 1938-

F. R. Moulton 1938-

committee on source books in
the History of Science

Gregory D. Walcott 1927-

Edwin G. Conklin 1927—

Harlow Shapley 1927-

committee on popular science
Book Lists

Joseph L. Wheeler 1927-

Edward W. Berry 1927-

Paul R. Heyl 1927-

Burton E. Livingston 1927-

Trustees of Science Service
from the Association

J. McKeen Cattell 1922-

Raymond Pearl 1929-34

Burton E. Livingston 1930-36

Henry B. Ward 1935-

Edwin G. Conklin 1937-

Representatives in the Division

of Foreign Relations of the

National Research Council

Burton E. Livingston 1921-31

William A. Xoyes i93i - 37

F. R. Moulton 1937-

Representatives in the Council

of the Union of American

Biological Societies

For the Association as a Whole

Burton E. Livingston 1923-

Henry B. Ward 1923-

For the Section on Zoological Sciences
Henry Osborn 1923-

For the Section on Botanical Sciences
C. O. Appleman 1923-

For the Section on Medical Sciences
C. A. Kofoid 1923—

For the Section on Agriculture

R. W. Thatcher 1923—33

Albert F. Woods 1933-

Representatives on the Board

of Trustees of Biological

Abstracts

Herbert Osborn 1928-38

Henry B. Ward 193S-

Section Committees

97

SECTION COMMITTEES

Consisting of (a) Members elected by the Sections and (b) Fellows elected as
Representatives in the Council by the Affiliated Societies

Mathematics (A)
Elected by the Section

E. B. Stouffer 1931-34

H. E. Buchanan 1932-35

Marston Morse i933 - 36

R. E. Langer 1934-37

E. B. Stouffer i935~38

L. M. Graves 1936-39

M. H. Stone i937~40

Joseph Miller Thomas 1938-41

W. M. Whyburn 1939-42

J. L. Walsh 1940-43

American Mathematical Society

Mark H. Ingraham I93i~37

Charles N. Moore 1934-36

Gordon T. Whyburn 1937

R. E. Langer 1938-39

F. D. Murnaghan 1938-39

L. L. Dines 1939

Arnold Dresden 1940-

J. R. Kline 1940-

Mathematical Association of America

W. D. Cairns 1920-36

C. S. Atchison I934~39

H. L. Rietz 1937

W. D. Cairns 1938

F. D. Murnaghan 1939-

L. L. Dines 1940-

Association for Symbolic Logic

Haskell B. Curry 1937

Edward V. Huntington 1938-

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa
Dunham Jackson 1935

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women's
Scientific Fraternity

Mayme I. Logsdon 1939

Florida Academy
J. H. Kusner I937~

Physics (B)
Elected by the Section

Raymond Thayer Birge 1931-34

Harvey Fletcher 1932-35

Frederick A. Saunders 1933-36

Ernest O. Lawrence i934~37

A. L. Hughes 1935-38

Karl K. Darrow 1936-39

J. W. Beams 1937-40

Lee A. DuBridge 1938-41

E. U. Condon 1939-42

George R. Harrison 1940-43

Elected by Affiliated Societies
American Physical Society

Leonard B. Loeb i934~35

W'illard L. Severinghaus 1 934~

*F. K. Richtmyer 1936-38

John T. Tate 1939

John Zeleny 1940-

Optical Society of America

Herbert E. Ives 1934

P. I. Wold 1934-37

W. E. Forsythe 1935-37

R. C. Gibbs 1938-

Elmer Hutchison 1938-

American Association of Physics Teachers

William E. McElfresh 1934

Oswald Blackwood I934 -

C. F. Hagenow I935~

American Meteorological Society
W. J. Humphreys I934 -

Acoustical Society of America

Vern O. Knudsen i934~35

Floyd R. Watson 1936-

Society of Rheology
Elmer O. Kraemer I934 -

Asterisk indicates person is deceased.

f)8 SkCTIU.N CUMMITTEKS

American Association oj University Elected by Afeiliated Societies

Professors American Chemical Society

Henry Crew 1034- Alexander Silverman 1034

Joel H. Hildebrand 1034

Society of Sigma Xi Moses Gomberg 1035

\V. F. Durand 1936-38 P. A. Shaffer 1035

Irving Langmuir 1936-3"

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa Tohn R Murlin 1936-3;

Robert A. Millikan 1934 A. F. Benton 1938-39

George E. M. Jauncey 1935 H. C. Urey 1938-39

Arthur IT. Comptnn 1936- H. S. Lukens 1940-

George Scatchard i94 0-

Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi *£ q Franklin

R. C. Gibhs 1934- (summer meeting) 1934

S. C. Lind (summer meeting) 1935

American Philosophical Association Ne{] Gordon. ... (summer meeting) 1938

F. S. C. Northrop 1039- H. K. Benson. . .(summer meeting) 1940

George McP. Smith
Alabama Academy (summer meeting) 1940

Paul D. Bales 1937

J. H. Coulliette 1938- The Electrochemical Society

Kansas Academy "Charles S. Palmer .934

„ . „: Joseph Slepian 1934

Harvey A. Zinszer 1934-38 g c Und ^

Maryland Academy c - A - Mann W»

H. Jermain Creighton 1936-

S. Karrer 1039- ,„ c- 1 1 u t

*Herman Schlundt 1936-37

Missouri Academy Hiram S - ^"kens 193S-

T , ... n . „ . Wm. C. Bray (summer meeting) 1934

K. 1. Durtord 1038- ... ... , T

\\ . \\ . Hanscom

New Orleans . Icadcmy (summer meeting) 1934

,, _,. Earl C. Gilbert

Isaac M. Chne km;

• ( summer meeting) 1940

Ohio Academy Paul c - Haeseler

, v .,,. u ., , (summer meeting) 1940

\\ illiam H. Alexander J935~

Tennessee Academy American Oil Chemists' Society

A. W. Dicus 1939- * Charles E. Coates 1934-

CHi:.\! ISTKY ( C) American Pharmaceutical I Association

Elected by tut. Section j ohn c . Krantz, Jr 1934-37

Frank C. Whitmore 1031-34

William Hlum 1932-35 Sigma Xi

Charles A. Browne 1933-36 Edward Ellery i?34~

\rlhur B. Lamb >934~37

.1. H. Hildebrainl 1935-38 Colorado-Wyoming Academy

Harrington Daniels 1 1038- ,. v . mk F F Qermann 1934-

Moses Gomberg 1036-30

Irving Langmuir 1937-40 Georgia - Icadcmy

James F. Norris 1938-41 * , r> c Li

, r t. „ *Leon P. Smith 1034-35

M. T. Bogert 1939-42

Ross V Gortner 1040-43 <-. ., ,■ ,■ , ,

^ *' South Carolina .icadcmy

. „ . . r J. E. Copenhaver 1934

1 Special member ot Executive Committee uf „ t, t, ,.

ilit- section. Roe E. Remington 1936-3"

Section Committees 99

Tennessee Acadewx George Rogers Manshdd '"-"^

Waldemar T. Schaller 1933-3"

J"'"' T. WcGill '934-3^ kngh ,, mit - ,„,.,_, .

LpU».It Bircher Edward L. Troxeil 1935-38

(summ.r meetmg) 1939 Q H Behre . , r ,036-39

Wisconsin - Icademy Walter H. Bucher > .039

r Preston £. lames i937~4«

W- A " Sch " ette I934 ~ 36 W, T. Thun, Jr HWM'

,-., William W. Rubey 1939-4-^

ASTRONOMY (D) (ohn , Ricli 1CJ40 _ 43

Elected by the Section

, . . ,. ,,,,,-!, EJECTED BY AFFILIATED' SoCIKTIKS

\nnie J. Cannon ">3' 34 , . It ,..

W H. Wright 1032-35 Gcdlogtcdl Society of . Imcrtca

C. O. Lampland 1933-40 Charles P. Rerkey I934~

Raymond S! Dugan t934~37 [, :H((t Blackwelder '934

Dinsmore Alter i935~3* \e\ in M. Ferineman '935

John C. Duncan 1936-3" w c Mendenhall i93 rt

Charles P.Olivier 1938-4' Charles Palache 1037

Robert H. Baker 1939-4- j Wavland Vaughan 1038-

Dean B. McLaughlin 1940-43

Paleoiitolo'gfial Society

Elected by Affiliated Societies siemon W. Mullet- '934

American Astronomical Society Hervey W. Shimer io.u

„ . . o toL fohn R. Ball i93S~

keivin Burns {934 -'

.. . n„„;<,i Kiu Lourtnev Werner i935-3»

Zaccheus Daniel "934 -

r . .. j, IO ,- I. E. Carman 1939-

h. S. Haynes '935

W. J. Luyten '935 Association of . [merman GeVgr.apUers

S L. Boothroyd 1936-37

W. S. Eichelherger 1036-37 Charles C: Colby 19^

S. V Mitchell !938 W. Elmer Ekblaw .9 4

Herbert R. Morgan 193S « -> "Harold Smith 935-f

,. .. , , ,K,n. E. N. Transeau i939 _

E. S. Manson 1939

. .. T0 . _ Eugene Van Cleef 1930-

I . J. N assan 1939

Harold D. Babcock Seismological Society of .hncrica
...(summer meeting) 1034

"r'r" 'ford Nicholas H. Heck i934"37

' * . .summer meeting) .,34 Harold Edgar McComb i 9 34

C X "Chant (summer meeting) ,038 W* B. Macelwane 1935-37

Stephen Taher f93°

Istronomical Society o'f the Pacific Wm. T. Thorn, Jr 1938-

Krivin Burns 10.U <" h » P " Dda " e >' V ^

Eli Stuart Haynes 1935-3* LI Don Leet (summer meet.ng) 1934

R. T. Crawford 1939" K ™*' F " Mather

C. D. Shane (summer meeting) 1934 (summer meeting. « 9 34

Society for Research on Meteorites American Geographical Society

of A ew ) ork

'I ,Tm coin La Paz i939~

W. L. G. Joerg 1934-30

Imcricaii Association of I University j„h n K. Wright 1934-

Professors O. M. Miller 1040-

S- v Mitchell J934- M i„cralo<,icaI Society oj .hncrica

( foOLOGY AND ( iEOORAPHY ( E) Paul F - Kerr ' ° 34 ~

Elected by the Section

1 Special member Executive Committee of the

Edward W. Berry i93i~34 -ection.

IOO

Section Committees

Maryland Academy
♦Francis C. Nicholas i934~37

Nebraska Academy

N. A. Bengston 1934

A. L. Lugn 1938-

Northzvest Scientific Association
Otis W. Freeman i935~

Zoological Sciences (F)
Elected by the Section

William B. Herms I93i~34

Dwight E. Minnich 193-2-35

Sewall Wright I933~36

David H. Wenrich i934~37

Paul S. Welch 1935-38

A. M. Banta 1936-39

J. H. Bodine 1937-40

J. William Buchanan 1938-41

J. T. Patterson 1939-42

H. H. Plough 1940-43

Elected by Affiliated Societies
American Society of Zoologists

J. William Buchanan 1934

♦William H. Longley 1934

J. H. Bodine 1935

R. A. Budington 1935

J. E. Ackert 1936

H. H. Plough 1936

Dwight E. Minnich 1937

B. H. Willier 1937, 1939

*H. V. Neal 1938

A. A. Schaeffer. 1938

C. R. Moore i939~

R. K. Burns, Jr 1940-

Entomological Society of America

John J. Davis 1934

P. J. Parrott 1934

T. J. Headlee 1935-36

C. L. Metcalf 1935-36

W. B. Herms 1937

O. A. Johannsen 1937-38

John J. Davis 1938-39

C. T. Brues i939~

S. E. Flanders 1940-

Amcrican Association of Economic
Entomologists

G. M. Bentley 1934-36

C. H. Hadley 1934

Alvah Peterson i935~38

Leonard Haseman 1937-38

J. I. Hambleton i939~

L. A. Stearns i939~

American Society of Parasitologists

George R. LaRue 1934-36,1938-

Elery R. Becker 1937

William A. Riley 1940-

American Society of Mammalogists

Glover M. Allen i934~37

George B. Wislocki i934~37

Lee R. Dice 1938-

Marcus Ward Lyon, Jr 1938-

Association for Research in
Human Heredity x

Harrison Randall Hunt 1934

H. H. Laughlin 1934-

Clarence G. Campbell 1935-38

Laurence H. Snyder i939~

American Society of Naturalists

C. G. Rogers ^34-37

W. B. Herms 1936-37

Alfred C. Kinsey 1938

H. R. Hunt 1939-

Ecological Society of America

♦Joseph Grinnell 1934

E. B. Powers 1935

Paul S. Welch 1936-37

R. E. Coker 1938

Lee R. Dice i939~

Wcstern Society of Naturalists

C. V. Taylor i934~35

W. B. Herms 1936

R. C. Miller i937~39

Harry Beal Torrey i937~39

James E. Lynch 1940

American Genetic Association

Hugh C. McPhee 1934

Sewall Wright 1935

C. E. Leighty 1936-37

W. V. Lambert 1938-

American Microscopical Society

James E. Ackert i934~

John E. Guberlet 1935

A. M. Checkering 1936-

Gcnctics Society of America
E. B. Babcock 1934

1 Formerly Eugenics Research Association.

Section Committees

ioi

C. W. Metz 1935

F. B. Hutt 1936

Fernandus Payne. 1937-38

W. P. Spencer 1939

F. B. Hutt 1940

Limnological Society of America

Paul S. Welch 1936

Tames G. Needham 1937~

Federation of American Societies
for Experimental Biology

Andrew C. Ivy 1936-38

D. R. Hooker 1937-38

Sigma Xi

George Howard Parker i934~35

George A. Baitsell i939~

Phi Beta Kappa
Dwight E. Minnich 193.S

American Nature Study Society

Edith Patch 1935-36

Alfred Satterthwait i937~

Sigma Delta Epsilon
Nina E. Gray 1939

Alabama Academy
P. H. Yancey 1936

British Columbia Academy
C. McLean Fraser 1939

Georgia Academy
George H. Boyd 1936-

Illinois Academy

Arthur C. Walton 1934

Lyell J. Thomas 1935-36, i939~

Indiana Academy
Howard E. Enders I934 -

Kansas Academy

*George E. Johnson 1934

Roger C. Smith 1936-37.1939-

Kentucky Academy
Austin R. Middleton I934 -

Louisiana Academy

Ellinor H. Behre 1935. 1938

Harry J. Bennett 1939

William H. Gates 1940

Michigan Academy

Peter Okkelberg i934~35

A. H. Stockard 1936

A. Franklin Shull i937~

Minnesota Academy
T. B. Magath 1935

New Hampshire Academy

Walter C. O'Kane i934~37

W. W. Ballard 1940-

Netv Orleans Academy
Ernest C. Faust 1934

North Carolina Academy
Bert Cunningham 1936-

North Dakota Academy
George C. Wheeler i934~

Northwest Scientific Association
Thomas Large i934~35

Ohio Academy
Herbert Osborn i934~35

Oklahoma Academy
A. O. Weese i937~39

Pennsylvania Academy

T. L. Guyton I934~35

V. Earl Light 1936-

St. Louis Academy

A. F. Satterthwait i934~35

Albert Kuntz 1936

South Carolina Academy
Franklin Sherman 1936

Texas Academy
S. W. Bilsing i934~

Botanical Sciences (G)

Elected by the Section

Henry Reist Kraybill i93i~34

Albert F. Blakeslee 193^-35

B. O. Dodge 1933-36

A. J. Eames I934~37

F. E. Denny 1935-38

E. W. Sinnott 1936-39

Neil E. Stevens 1937-40

J. M. Beal 1938-41

E. N. Transeau 1939-42

W. J. Robbins 1940-43

102

Section Com m itteks

Electee by Affiliated Societies

Botanical Society of .hnerica

G. J. Peirce 1034

II. L. Shantz ' 9'34

\. F. Blakeslee 1935

C. F. Hottes 1035

J. T. Biichholz i «).?6

E. X. Transeau 1936

II. H. Bartlett I937~38

E. J. Kraus 1937-38

Ivty l r . Lewis I939 -

I'aul B. Sears I939~

. Iiiicrican Phy to pathological Society

II. S. Cunningham I934 - 37

Xeil E. Stevens 1934-36

\V. U. Valleau 1937-38

S. A. Wingard 1038-

L. M. Massey i939~

American Society of Plant Physiologists

D. R. Hoagland 1034

C. J. Peirce 1 934

Charles O. Appleman I935~ 39

Charles Albert Shull '935. 1940-

VV. H. Horr 1936-

Torrey Botanical Club

B. O. Dodge i934 _ 35

D. T. MacDougal 1934-35

William Crocker 1936, 1938-30

( ieorge H. Shull 1036. 1038

Frederick McAllister 1037

R. J. Pool 1937

J. H, Barnhart 1939 -

C, S. Gager - 1940-

.1/ ycolo<iical Society o) America

H. S. Jackson '935

C. L. Shear 1035

Carroll VV. Dodge 1936-3(1

Fred J. Seaver 1936-30

W. (A Coker 1040-

B. ( ). Dndjre 1940-

American Society of Naturalists

R. F. Cleland 1934-35. ?93&~

J. L. Cartledge 1939

W. R. Taylor 1940

Ecological Society of America

*George E. Nichols 1,934

H. C. Hanson 1935. i939~

Geprge D. Fuller 1936-3;

H. de Forest 103S

Western Society of Naturalists

D. R. Hoagland 1934-35

American Genetic Association

\. F. Blakeslee 1034

L. J. Stadler 1035

Hugh C. Mcl'hee 1936-37

C. E. Leighty 1938-

. Imerican Microscopical Society
1.. II. Tiffany 1034

Uenetics Society of America

R. E. Clausen 1934

C. F. Allen 1935. i937~38

B. R. Nebel 1936

F. D. Richey 1939

I). C. Cooper 1940-

American Society of Agronomy

J. G. Dickson 1934

T. A. Kiesselbach 1935

T. E. Odland 1936

L. J. Stadler • 1937

II. K. Hayes 1938

R. J. Garber 1930

S. T. Dexter 1940-

. Imerican Nature Study Society

E. Laurence Palmer J934

I' hi Kappa I'hi
E. D. Merrill 1034-

1 II in is . I cad any
George I). Fuller 1037-38

Towa . Icademy
Joseph C. Gihnan 1934—

Louisiana Academy
A. (i. Plakidas 1030-37

Minnesota . Icademy
Har\ ey Elmer Stork 1 934

Nebraska . Icademy

C. J. Shirk 1035

J. E. Weaver 1936-37

New Hampshire . Icademy
George F. Potter 1038-39

Saint Louis Academy
Carroll \Y. Dodge 1937-

Section Committees

103

South Carolina Academy
Velma I). Matthews 1938

West Virginia . Icademy
Perry I). Strausbaugh. .1934-36, 1939-

C. R. Orion 1037-.?*

1 1 isconsiu Acadehiy

X . C. Fassett 1 937-3?

E. M. Gilbert i939~

Anthropology (H)
Elected by the Section

Adolph H. Schultz ii)3i-3-t

A. V. Kidder 193-2-35

X. C. Xelson I933~36

William Duncan Strong i934~37

*Truman Michelson i93S~3^

Robert Redfield 1936-39

Carl E. Guthe i937~40

John M. Cooper 1938-41

Frank Speck 1939-42

Frank M. Setzler 1940-43

Elected by Affiliated Societies
American Anthropological Association

E. A. Hooton 1934-35. '939

Bruno Oetteking 1934

Ales Hrdlicka I93S

Melville J. Herskovits 1936

Robert J. Terry 1936

♦Truman Michelson 1037

H. L. Shapiro i<>37

II. B. Collins, Jr 1038

Leslie A. White 1938

Cornelius Osgood T 939~

Clyde Kluckhohn 1940-

Phi Beta Kappa
Robert H. Louie 1934

PSYCHOLOGY (I)

Elected by the Section

Walter R. Miles I93i~34

Carl C. Brigham 1932-35

Karl M. Dallenbach 1933-36

Clark L. Hull 1934-37

J. F. Uashiell i935~38

John P. Xafe 1936-39

Edward C. Tolman 1937-40

F. L. Wells 1938-41

E. A. Culler 1939-42

Samuel W. Fernberger 1940-43

Elected by Affiliated Societies
American Psychological Association

Donald G. Paterson 1934

*Joseph Peterson 1934

Walter R. Miles 1035-

Christian A. Ruckmick I935-3« S

John A. McGeOch i939~

Midwestern Psychological Association

John A. McGeoch 1934

Florence Goodenough 1935

A. G. Bills 1936

C. M. Louttit 1937-

Society for Research in Child
Development

Robert J. Terry 1936-

Psychometric Society
Henry E. Garrett 1938-

Western Society of Naturalists
Calvin P. Stone 1 936

Social and Economic

Sciences (K)
Elected by the Section

*Henry Schultz i93 T ~34

Holbrook Working J93^~35. 1936-39

Harold Hotelling 1933-36

Griffith C. Evans 1934-37

Carl Snyder 1935-38, I939~42

H. G. Moulton 1937-40

Stuart A. Rice 1938-41

Stanley Dodge i940~43

Elfxted by Affiliated Societies
Econometric Society

W. A. Shewhart >934

Charles F. Roos i935~

American Sociological Society

F. Stuart Chapin i934~3 7

George A. Lundberg 1938-

American Statistical Association

William F. Ogburn 1934-38

Stuart A. Rice I939~

American Library Association
Joseph L. Wheeler I934~

io4

Section Committees

Historical and Philological

Sciences (L)

Elected by the Section

George M. Boiling 1931-34

Kemp Malone 1932-35

W. B. Munro 1933-36

Melville J. Herskovits 1934— 37

John W. Oliver 1935-38

George Sarton 1936-39

Max Farrand 1937-40

Alexander Pogo 1938-41

Henry E. Sigerist 1939-42

Tenney L. Davis 1940-43

Elected by Affiliated Societies
History of Science Society

F. B. Dains 1934-

Joseph Mayer 1934-

Eingnistics Society of America

*Edward Sapir 1934-38

George Herzog 1940-

Engineering (M)

Elected by the Section

William E. Wickenden 1931-34

Arthur E. Morgan 1932-35

*Calvin W. Rice 1933-36

A. A. Potter i934~37

C. J. Tilden 1935-38

N. H. Heck 1936-39

F. L. Bishop 1937-40

J. W. Barker 1938-41

Elected by Affiliated Societies

American Society of Mechanical

Engineers

Ralph Earle 1934

W. S. Monroe 1934

John R. DuPriest 1935

A. S. Langsdorf 1935

George F. Bateman 1936

Crosby Field 1936

William A. Hanley 1937

G. W. Munro 1937

R. F. Gagg 1938-

R. L. Sackett 1938-

Amcrican Institute of Mining and
Metallurgical Engineers

W. B. Plank 1934

♦Albert Sauveur 1934

Paul D. Foote 1935

F. N. Speller 1935

Harold L. Ailing 1936

Q. D. Singewald 1936

Gustav Egloff 1937

J. R. Van Pelt 1937,1940-

W. M. Corse 1938

Frank E. Lathe 1930

Oscar E. Harder 1939-

John L. Rich 1939

American Institute of Electrical Engineers

C. A. Adams 1934

Charles Edward Skinner 1934

J. M. Bryant 1935

A. S. Langsdorf 1935

V. Karapetoff 1936

J. B. Whitehead 1936

C. C. Knipmeyer 1937

R. E. Nyswander 1937

Vannevar Bush 1938-

H. S. Osborne 1938-39

J. W. Barker 1940

American Society of Civil Engineers

Charles T. Main 1934

Charles P. Price 1934

F. S. Merrill 1935

Harold A. Thomas 1935

F. W. Green 1936

Hermann Von Schrenk 1936

Ivan E. Houk 1937-

Arthur O. Ridgway 1937-

Illuminating Engineering Society

E. C. Crittenden 1934-

*A. E. Kennelly 1934-36

J. W. Barker '937

American Society for Testing Materials

R. E. Davis 1934

Hermann Von Schrenk 1935-36

C. L. Warwick 1937-

American Ceramic Society

Gordon Scott Fulcher 1934-36

W. J. McCaughey 1937

Ross C. Purdy 1938-

Institute of Radio Engineers
J. C. Jensen 1934

Society for the Promotion of
Engineering Education

F. L. Bishop 1934-35

H. B. Langille i934~35

A. S. Langsdorf 1936

O. M. Leland 1936

Section Committees

105

Karl T. Compton I937 -

R. L. Sackctt i937~

Institutc of Aeronautical Sciences
Jerome C. Hunsaker 1936-

American Institute of the City

of New York

Robert T. Pollock i939~

Missouri Academy of Science
A. S. Langsdorf 1936-37

Medical Sciences (N)
Elected by the Section

Anton J. Carlson 1931-34

Victor C. Myers 193-^-35

*George H. Bigelow I933~36

Willard C. Rappleye i934~37

Walter B. Cannon 1935-38

Arno B. Luckhardt 1936-39

Paul R. Cannon 1937-40

C. A. Doan 1938-41

E. W. Goodpasture 1939-42

L. R. Dragstedt 1940-43

Elected by Affiliated Societies
American Medical Association

*William H. Park 1934-38

George M. Piersol i934 -

Edwin P. Jordan i939~

American Association of Anatomists

C. H. Danforth i934~35

Davenport Hooker i934 _ 35

George W. Corner 1936

J. Parsons Schaeffer 1936,1940-

Burton D. Myers 1937

Ivan E. Wallin 1937

H. E. Jordan 1938-39

C. C. Macklin 1938

Eben J. Carey 1939

Olof Larsell 1940-

Society of American Bacteriologists

W. H. Manwaring 1934

Karl F. Meyer 1934

R. L. Kahn 1935-37

S. A. Waksman 1 935~36

M. J. Rosenau 1 938-39

Randle C. Rosenberger 1940-

Amcrican Public Health Association

Kendall Emerson 1934-36

William H. Park 1934-36

Clair E. Turner i937~

Abel Wolman i937~

Socicty for Experimental Biology
and Medicine

Karl F. Meyer 1934

T. H. Morgan 1934

E. A. Doisy 1935

Oscar Riddle 1936

McKeen Cattell 1936

G. H. A. Clowes 1937

Ivan E. Wallin 1937

J. B. Collip 193S-

H. E. Jordan 1938-

Amcrican Veterinary Medical Association
Ward Giltner i934~

American Roentgen Ray Society

Robert R. Newell 1934

G. W. Grier 1935

Leo G. Rigler 1936

Raymond C. Beeler 1937

Howard Pirie 1938

Robert G. Allison i939~

American Academy of Tropical Medicine
Malcolm H. Soule 1036

American Division, International
Association for Dental Research

Thomas J. Hill 1936-38

Paul C. Kitchin i939~

American Pharmaceutical Association

John C. Krantz, Jr i934~37

E. F. Kelly 1938-

Wortley F. Rudd 1938

Glenn L. Jenkins i939~

Amcrican Society for Experimental
Pathology

E. B. Krumbhaar 1936-

Shields Warren 1936-

Amcrican Society of Biological Chemists

Vincent du Vigneaud I937 -

P. A. Shaffer i937~

Amcrican Physiological Society

Philip Bard i937~38

Henry C. Bazett 1937-38

Frank A. Hartman I939 -

Walter J. Meek i939~

to6

Section Committees

American Society of Pharmacology
ami Experimental Therapeutics

Charles C. Johnson iy.?7

Harvey B. Haag 1938

R. L. Stehle 1938

1). E. Jackson 1930

M. H. Seevers 1939

Charles M. Gruber 1940-

A. E. Livingston 1940-

.Imerican Academy of Ophthalmology

and Otolaryngology
Harry S. Gradle 1936-

American Psychiatric Association

Franklin G. Ebaugh 1937-38

John C. Whitehorn 1939-

Pederation of American- Societies for
Experimental Biology

G. Philip Grabfield 1.938-

C. Glen King 1938-

American Society of Parasitologists

Elery R. Becker 1934-36

E. C. Faust 1937-30

National Malaria Committee
Mark F. Boyd 1040-

. II aba ma Academy
Emmett B. Carmichael 1934-35

New Orleans Academy
E. C. Faust 1936-

l "xrginia Academy
Edgar C. L. Miller 1934-

Agriculture (O)
Elected by the Section

Joseph H. Gourley 1931— 34

E. C. Auchter 1932-35

Walter P. Keller 1933—36

F. J. Sievers i934~37

Emil Truog i935~38

R. M. Salter 1936-30

R. J. Garber 1937-40

Richard Bradfield 1938-41

I f . C. Thompson 1939-4J

\V. A. Albrecht 1040-43

Elected by Affiliated Societies

American Society of Agronomy

R. M. Salter 1034. 1040-

\Y. A. Albrecht 1035

H. P. Cooper 1936

G. W. Conrey 1937

Emil Truog 1938

F. B. Smith 1030

American Society for Horticultural
Science

VV. H. Alderman I934~37

J. K. Shaw 1934-37

C. H. Connors 1938

E. H. MacDaniels 1938

V. R. Gardner 1939

A. J. Heinicke I939 -

Y. R. Boswell 1940-

Society of American Foresters

Harris Collingwood 1934

Henry I. Baldwin 1935-

C. F. Korstian 1037-

Canadian Society of Technical

Agriculturists

H. Barton I934~

. Imerican Society of Animal Production

Paul E. Howe 1934-3 7

Klmer Roberts 1938-

Society of American Bacteriologists

S. A. YVaksman 1034—37, 1940-

R. E. Buchanan 1938-30

Minnesota Academy
H. K. Wilson 1036-

North Carolina Academy
C. F. Korstian i934 - 35

Oklahoma Academy
Horace James Harper 1934-36

South Carolina Academy

G. H. Collings 1939

Education (O)
Elected by the Section

Truman Lee Kelley i93 I- 34

Walter S. Monroe 1932-35

M. R. Trabue 1933-36

Stuart A. Courtis 1934-37

A. I. Gates I935~38

Ernest Horn 1 936-30

E. J. Ashbaugh 1937-40

F. B. Knight 1038-41

Section Com m lttees

107

Edward S. Evenden 1939-4-

S. R. Powers 1940-4.?

Elected by Affiliated Societies
National Education Association

Otis \V. Caldwell i934~

J. W. Studebaker 1934-36

Florence E. Bamberger I937~

National Society of College Teachers
of Education

Stuart A. Courtis 1934-

F. C. Ensign 1034-

National Society for the Study of
Education

M. K. Trabue 1934-36, 1938-

Guy M. Whipple 1934-35

W. S. Gray 1936

Frank N. Freeman 1937

Ralph W. Tyler 1937-

f'hi Beta Kappa
William A, Shimer 1936-

Appointed by Affiliated
Organizations 1

Section on Mathematics p. 97

Section on Physics pp. 97-98

Section on Chemistry pp. 98-90

Section on Astronomy p. 99

Section on Geology ami

Geography pp. 99-100

Section on Zoological Sciences, .pp. 100-ini
Section on Botanical Sciences, .pp. 101-103

Section on Anthropology p. 103

Section on Psychology p. 103

Section on Social and Economic

Sciences p. 103

Section on Historical and

Philological Sciences p. 104

Section on Engineering pp. 104-105

Section on Medical Sciences. . .pp. 105-106

Section on Agriculture p. 106

Section on Education pp. 106-107

1 Members of the Council elected or appointed
by the Affiliated Societies, under the provision
of Article 5 of the Constitution (page 61), are
ex officio members of the Section Committees of
the respective sections in whose fields their prin-
cipal scientific interests lie.

108 Resolutions Passed by the Council

RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE COUNCIL,

1 934- 1 940

Resolution for Continuance of Scientific Work in the

Government Bureaus

Adopted by the Council, April 15, 1934

Whereas, The American Association for the Advancement of Science, comprising
with affiliated American scientific societies a membership of a quarter of a million, ex-
ists because its members are convinced of the importance to America of the advance-
ment of science and its useful applications in this country ;

Whereas, The Bureau of Standards plays an essential and unique role in supplying
American scientists with technical data and methods concerned with materials, measure-
ments and standards which are essential to the progress of science and not otherwise
available ;

Whereas, This and other scientific bureaus of the Federal Government represent a
great capital investment of money, work and scientifically trained men, as well as a
prolific source of those elements essential to the national prosperity and welfare of the
future ;

Whereas, The permanent importance to this country of the continued work of the
scientific bureaus maintained by the Federal Government is relatively far greater than
the half of one per cent of the Federal budget allotted to these scientific bureaus would
imply :

Whereas, The recent cuts in appropriation to these bureaus have crippled their work
and disorganized their staffs so seriously as to impair their service and in large measure
destroy that capital investment of money, work and men on which the future technical
progress of the country depends ; and

Whereas, A large, part of the budgetary savings effected by these curtailments are
false economies in that ( 1 ) the investment in some earlier work is lost, (2) some essen-
tial work is continued in a less efficient manner, (3) many former members of staffs
of these bureaus are now maintained at government expense on emergency Federal
projects of far less value and with far lower efficiency than that of the work from
which they were dropped in the economy program and (4) the technical effectiveness
of the country is receiving a blow from which it will take years at best to recover ;
therefore be it

Resolved, That the attention of those responsible for the administration of the fed-
eral affairs be called to these unfortunate aspects of the present situation in the scien-
tific bureaus of the Government, and that they be requested to provide adequately for
the continuation of such scientific work as is, in the opinion of qualified scientists and
technical experts, essential to the national prosperity and not capable of or appropriate
for efficient continuation by non-governmental agencies ; and be it further

Resolved, That copies of this resolution be sent to the President of the United States,
to the members of his Cabinet, to the Director of the Budget and to the Members of
Congress, and that it be published in the official organ of this Association.

Resolutions Passkd by the Council 109

Resolution Reaffirming the Relation of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science to Human Welfare

Adopted by the Council, December 29, 1934

Whereas, The objective of science is knowledge of man and of the world in which
he lives ; and

Whereas, Upon this knowledge is based man's opportunity to live more intelli-
gently, to work more effectively and to experience greater comfort and satisfaction ; and

Whereas, The justification of the work and purposes of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science is found in the contributions of this work to human
welfare ; and

Whereas, The American Association for the Advancement of Science, founded in
i8-<8 and incorporated in 1874, with its 18,000 members and 141 associated societies
covering the entire field of pure and applied science including sociology, economics and
education, and with its administrative offices in the Smithsonian Institution of Washing-
ton has been and is well and permanently organized to administer funds for the ad-
vancement of science ; therefore be it

Resolved, That the American Association for the Advancement of Science is prepared
to accept and administer additional funds for the advancement of science and the pro-
motion of national welfare.

Resolution for Governmental Support of Scientific Work

Adopted by the Council, December 29, 1934

Whereas, Development and application of science have been basic to the economic
and social progress of nations, making possible such movements as universal education,
abolition of child labor and slavery, emancipation of women, insurance and pensions,
moderate hours of labor and great improvement in the standards of health, comfort and
satisfaction in living; and

Whereas, Scientific developments have not only conferred general social benefits,
but in particular have been largely effective in leading to recovery from previous de-
pressions, — as the railroad industry following the depression of 1870, the electric in-
dustry following that of 1896 and the automobile industry following that of 1907; and

Whereas, Scientific research is a productive investment proven by experience to
yield a high rate of return, as illustrated by the saving of $2,000,000,000 per year from
the Bessemer Steel process and of over $1,000,000 per day from the modern incan-
descent lamp, and as illustrated also by the entire chemical, electrical, communication,
transportation and metallurgical industries and by the enormous employment in such
industries ; and

Whereas, Progressive foreign nations have recognized the importance of maintain-
ing their scientific strength at a high productive level and have provided for this main-
tenance by allocation of funds to support scientific work on a national scale ; and

Whereas, There now exists in America a situation demanding as never before an in-
telligent use of our national resources ; and

Whereas, There are manifold problems in health, safety, agriculture, better use of
resources, development of new products and processes whose social value and urgent
need are unquestioned but whose solution is being seriously hampered by lack of funds
for research, which have been greatly curtailed at this time when properly directed
scientific work is more than ever needed; and

i io Resolutions Passed j:v the Council

Whereas, The great national planning program, which is now under consideration
for the use of our physical resources of soil, minerals and crops, will he seriously de-
ficient unless it includes provisions for utilizing the scientific resources of the country
for creative work ; therefore be it

Resolved, That aggressive governmental support of scientific work is essential to
any sound program of building for the future national welfare, and is essential if this
country is to do its full part in the further advance of civilization and if it is to enjoy
its proper share in the benefits of this advance ; and be it further

Resolved, That copies of this resolution be sent to the President of the United
States, to the members of his Cabinet and to the members of the Congress.

Resolutjon of Approval of An Adequate United States

IjOTanical Garden

Adopted by the Council, December 31 , 1934

Resolved, By the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, that the efforts now being made to establish at Washington, D, C, an adequate
United States Botanical Garden under effective scientific control be heartily approved.

Resolution Recommending the Adoption of Legislation Adequate
to Control Pollution of Public Waters

Adopted by the Council, December 31, 1934

Whereas, The degree of control of pollution of coastal and inland waters by domestic
and industrial wastes which is essential for public health and national welfare has not
yet been achieved and cannot be without further development and coordination of fed-
eral, state and local authority ;

Therefore, Be it resolved that the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, meeting at Pittsburgh, urgently recommend the enactment of legislation ade-
quate to control pollution of public waters.

Resolution for a Careful and Sane Revision of the
Pure Food and Drug Act

. idopted by the Council, December 31, 1931

Resolved, That the American Association for the Advancement of Science with more
than 18,000 members and 141 associated societies and academies representing a total
membership of more than 725,000 feels that there is a real need for a careful and sane
revision of the Pure Food and Drug Act, which has served so effectively over a long
period of time.

It seems reasonable and desirable that cosmetics should be included in any new bill
which is presented, and that in order to safeguard adequately public health and public
welfare, manufacturers, their salesmen or other agents, should be allowed to use in
their advertising, printed, broadcasted or otherwise, only such statements as are not
misleading and are essentially in accordance with fact.

Resolutions Passed by the Council j i i

Resolution on the Use of Dogs for Medical Experimentation
in the District of Columbia

Adopted by the Council, December 31, 1930; Reaffirmed December 3:, 1934

The American Association for the Advancement of Science, which has repeatedly
recorded its protest against the enactment of legislation prohihiting animal experimen-
tation for scientific and medical purposes, herehy protests against the passage of House
Bill 7884 in the present Congress prohibiting the use of dogs for medical experiments
in the District of Columbia.

The circumstances under which this bill was favorably reported, as set forth in the
minority report, make abundantly clear that this bill should be recommitted to the
Committee on the District of Columbia for full and proper consideration by the mem-
bers and for adequate presentation of objections by opponents of the bill.

This Association is in accord with the practically unanimous and often expressed
authoritative voice of science and medicine that animal experimentation has conferred
inestimable benefits upon mankind, as well as upon animals themselves, and is essential
to the progress of the biological and medical sciences.

The history of medical discovery affords countless examples of the necessity for the
use of dogs in certain kinds of experiments, as may be illustrated by the experiments
leading to' the recent discoveries of insulin in the treatment of diabetes and of liver ex-
tract in the treatment of pernicious anaemia.

The conditions under which animal experimentation is conducted in the government
and medical laboratories in the District of Columbia afford every safeguard against the
infliction of unnecessary suffering upon the animals.

No legislation of the character proposed in this bill has ever been enacted in spite of
the efforts of antivivisectionists in this country and abroad for many years.

This Association with a membership of over nineteen thousand, and representative of
all the sciences of nature and of man, is confident that if the members of Congress be-
come fully informed of the injury which would be inflicted upon the progress of cura-
tive and preventive medicine by such legislation, H. R. Bill 7884 will not receive their
favorable consideration.

Resolution for the Continuance in the Department of
Agriculture of the Land Utilization Agencies

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, December 31, 193-I

Resolved, By the American Association for the Advancement of Science, that any
reorganization of the United States Government agencies should provide for the con-
tinuance in the Department of Agriculture of the land utilization agencies now there,
including the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Forest Service, Biological Survey, and
the addition of such other agencies as have to do with the agricultural, forest, or range
use of the public domain or the protection thereof from erosion.

Resolution on the United States Forest Service as a Part of the
United States Department of Agriculture

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, December 31, 193 /

ii2 Resolutions Passed by the Council

Resolved, By the American Association for the Advancement of Science, that any
governmental reorganization planned should provide that the United States Forest
Service remain, as at present a part of the United States Department of Agriculture.

Resolution on the Science Advisory Board Appointed by the
President of the United States

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, December 31, 1934

Resolved, That the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, with more than 18,000 members and 141 associated societies and academies rep-
resenting a total membership of more than 725,000, appreciates the judgment of the
President of the United States in appointing a Science Advisory Board and hopes that
all problems of the Government involving scientific problems be referred to this Board
for its recommendation before action is taken.

Resolution Approving and Endorsing the Program of the
quetico-superior council

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, June 28, 1935

Resolved, That the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, meeting in Minneapolis, June 24 to 29, 1935, reaffirms its previous action in
approving and endorsing the program of the Quetico-Superior Council.

The project of an international park, sponsored by that organization, if carried
through, will preserve for all time the scientihe, recreational, and inspirational values of
a unique wilderness area and will, at the same time, constitute a close link between two
friendly nations.

Resolution on Calendar Reform

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, December 30, 1935

Whereas, This association is already on record as approving a simplification of the
calendar ; and

Whereas, The League of Nations in 1931 proposed two plans for serious considera-
tion : one, the 13-month plan; the other, the 1 2-month equal-quarters plan known as
the World Calendar; and

Whereas, The 12-month equal-quarter plan has the advantages of a minimum of
disturbance of the present system and greater flexibility in subdivision of the year; be
it therefore

Resolved, That the American Association for the Advancement of Science hereby
approves the 1 2-month equal quarters plan for the simplification of the calendar.

A Resolution on Simplification of Patent Procedure

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, December 31, 1935
Whereas, The progress of science has greatly elevated the standard of living of the

Resolutions Passed by the Council 113

American people, and given useful employment to millions ; and

Whereas, For greatest benefit the applications of science in industry should In-
facilitated and encouraged ; and

Whereas, The founders of this Republic instituted a patent system to encourage
progress in science and useful arts, which has been a powerful aid in this respect, and
which should be strengthened and maintained ; and

Whereas, The increasing complexity of science and its applications places a great
burden upon the patent office and the courts in their administration of the patent sys-
tem ; and

Whereas, The Science Advisory Board has recommended alterations in the patent
system to enable it to operate more effectively for the benefit of the American inventor
and the American public, which recommendations contemplate simplification of the
process of litigation, scientific and technical advice to courts in the consideration of
patent matters, and steps to raise the standard of invention,

Now, Therefore, Be it resolved, that this Council expresses the readiness of the
scientific men of this country to aid in worthy moves to render the Patent System of
greatest benefit to the American Public ; and

That this Council endorses the recommendation of the Science Advisory Board that
the processes of patent litigation be simplified, in order that expense and delay may be
reduced, by prompt, enlightened decision of patent cases by a single Court of Patent
Appeals ; and

That this Council endorses also the recommendation that adequate scientific and
technical advice, on a high plane, be made available to this court and to all courts deal-
ing with the intricate technical problems involved in modern patent cases ; and

That this Council endorses the principle that the standard of invention should be
raised, and recommends careful attention to this problem on the part of those charged
with the administration of the Patent Office.

A Resolution on International Biological Abstracts

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, December 30, 1935

Whereas, The American Association for the Advancement of Science has cooperated
with the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council in the or-
ganization and development of International Biological Abstracts through the Union
of Biological Societies ; and

Whereas, Great progress has been made in the development of international coopera-
tion among biologists in support of this project; and

Whereas, The Rockefeller Foundation has generously aided this project since its
beginning ten years ago and has expressed its hearty satisfaction and approval of the
work thus far accomplished ;

Whereas, The results of a decade of intensive and largely gratuitous work by many
biologists represented by the ten volumes of abstracts now nearing completion consti-
tute one of the most noteworthy achievements of the Foundation ;

Therefore, The Council of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, with its 152 associated societies representing more than one-half a million men
and women of science, both in this country and abroad, urges that every possible effort
be made to continue this highly important and significant undertaking and hopes that
the Rockefeller Foundation will find it possible to provide for permanent continuation
of International Biological Abstracts.

ii4 Resolutions Passed by the Council

A Resolution Concerning Unauthorized Use of the Name of

the American Association for the Advancement of Science

and Concerning Scientific Ethics and Good Taste

. Id,) pied by the lixecutire Committee by . hithority of the Council. December 30, 1935

Resolved, That the American Association for the Advancement of Science does not
allow the unauthorized use of its name hy any individual in connection with any type of
promotional enterprise or advertising- Furthermore, this Association deplores certain
tendencies of some individuals and organizations to exploit science for the purposes of
gain through the public press, radio, and other forms of publicity in a manner not con-
sistent with fundamental scientific ethics and good taste.

A Resolution on Save-Kfntucky's-Primeval-Forest-Ueague

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council. January 1. 1936

The Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Science approves
the formation of unofficial councils of representative citizens, such as "Save-Kentucky's-
Primeval-Forest-League" with the objective of securing local, state, or federal action
in the preservation of important examples of America's diverse types of vegetation with
their accompanying fauna. These areas should be carefully selected with competent
scientific advice and preserved either through local, state, or national agencies.

A Resolution on the Dutch Elm Disfasf

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, January _', 1936

Resolved, That the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science strongly endorses the efforts of Federal and State agencies to prevent the in-
troduction of plant diseases and injurious insects from other countries and to combat
most vigorously such diseases and injurious insects as have already entered the United
States, especially at this time, the Dutch Elm Disease.

A Resolution on the Problems of Plant Quarantines

. Idopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council. January 2, 1936

Resolved, That the American Association for the Advancement of Science endorses
the resolution of the Sixth International Botanical Conference held at Amsterdam, Hol-
land, as follows :

That an effective and unceasing campaign against destructive plant diseases and insect
pests can be successfully prosecuted only by international action and mutual coopera-
tion ;

That close and frequent international discussion of the problems of plan quarantines
should take place to bring about improvement of the health conditions of plants and
plant products offered for export ;

That it unanimously recognizes that such action will greatly facilitate international
trade in the commodities concerned ; and

That, finally, this resolution be brought to the attention of the League of Nations, em-

Resolutions Passed i:y the Council 115

phatically endorsing the League's proposal to give this matter urgent and careful con-
sideration with a view to facilitating and expediting the purpose and aims of this reso-
lution.

A Resolution on the Pan-American Institute of

( i EOG RAPH Y A N D H I STORY

. Idopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, June 16, 1936

Inasmuch as the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History has undertaken
to study and promote the protection of those natural areas in the Americas which rep-
resent unique present and future scientific, economic, intellectual, or spiritual values;
and

Inasmuch as a committee has heen appointed by the Pan-American Institute to estab-
lish and maintain contacts with the various governments in the Americas which through
their representatives have approved the resolution ;

Be It Rksolvkd. That the American Association for the Advancement of Science
hereby records its approval of this plan and pledges its support in all feasible ways to
the achievement of its purpose.

A Resolution on the Maintenance of the Highest Standards in
the System of National Parks of the United States

Adopted by the Council. December 28j 1927" reaffirmed June 2$, i<>37

Resolved, That the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Approves the creation of those national parks only which meet the highest standards
of the System, namely, which are wholly or almost wholly areas of original, unmodified
natural conditions, each a unique example of its landscape or geologic type in the coun-
try ; and

Declares that, as the only reservational system for preservation of the primitive and
majestic in nature, the protection inviolate of the system of national parks demands
extraordinary watchfulness and care; and

Recognizes that, by reason of its peculiar limitations and conditions, the system of
national parks possesses facilities for popular education in nature and for inspiration,
which have incalculable value to individuals and the nation.

Resolution for the Continuance in the Department of
Agriculture of the Land Utilization Agencies

Adopted by the Council, December 29, 1937

Resolved, That the American Association for the Advancement of Science reaffirm
its position on the status of federal land utilization agencies as expressed in the resolu-
tion adopted at its Pittsburgh meeting in December, 1934.. namely :

That any reorganization of United States Government agencies should provide for
the continuance in the Department of Agriculture of the land utilization agencies now
there, including the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils,
Soil Conservation Service, Forest Service, Bureau of Biological Survey, and the addi-

1 16 Resolutions Passed by the Council

tion of other agencies concerned with renewable resources, such as the agricultural, for-
est, or range use of the public domain or the protection thereof from erosion.

Be it further resolved that all positions in these Bureaus should be retained under the
existing Classified Civil Service without exception, because of their policy-determining
nature.

A Resolution on the Preservation of Yellowstone

National Park

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, December 31, 1937

Whereas, A proposal has been laid before the National Resources Committee of the
United States Government that plans be prepared for the commercial utilization of the
waters of Yellowstone Lake, situated in Yellowstone National Park ;

Whereas, Operations incident to such utilization would inevitably result in destroy-
ing or irreparably damaging many of the most unique and significant primeval, scenic
and recreational features of the Park ;

Whereas, Yellowstone National Park was established by act of Congress "for the
benefit and enjoyment of the people"; and

Whereas, That act specifically pledged the Nation to protect from injury or spolia-
tion all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities and wonders within the Park and
to provide for their retention in natural condition ; now

Therefore, The American Association for the Advancement of Science hereby
places on record its unqualified disapproval and unalterable opposition to each and
every project that might threaten to injure Yellowstone National Park in any way
whatsoever ;

The American Association for the Advancement of Science also appeals to the Na-
tional Resources Committee, as well as to all other government agencies and officers
concerned in the control of Yellowstone National Park, and urges the prompt re-
jection of all such projects, to the end that the nation's pledge shall be kept and this
magnificent primeval area with its many unique features shall be preserved inviolate for
coming generations.

Resolution on the Importance of Animal Experimentation

in the Study of Diseases

Adopted by the Council, December 30, 193/

The American Association for the Advancement of Science, recognizing the impor-
tant role of animal experimentation in the study of diseases, especially those of child-
hood, and in the perfecting of those procedures and treatments to which no small part
nf our community owes its life and continued presence among us, regards with appre-
hension the activities of certain groups which are attempting to prevent the use of un-
claimed animals for study in qualified institutions of medicine and research and which
are endeavoring by direct and indirect means to cut off the supply of animals needed
in the production of antitoxins and other biologic products.

This Association is in accord with the practically unanimous and often expressed
authoritative voice of science and medicine that animal experimentation has conferred
inestimable benefits upon mankind, as well as upon animals themselves, and is essential
to the progress of the biological and medical sciences.

Resolutions Passed i:v the Council 117

This Association, with a membership of over eighteen thousand and representative of
all the sciences of nature and of man, is confident that a fully informed public will not
support legislation which would seriously interfere with the progress of preventive and
curative medicine.

Resolution on Science and Society

. Idopted by the Council, December so, 1937

Whereas, Science and its applications are not only transforming the physical and
mental environment of men but are adding greatly to the complexities of their social,
economic and political relations ; and

Whereas, Science is wholly independent of national boundaries and races and creeds
and can flourish permanently only where there is peace and intellectual freedom; now

Therefore, Be it resolved by the Council on this 30th day of December, 1937, that
the American Association for the Advancement of Science makes as one of its objec-
tives an examination of the profound effects of science upon society ; and that the Asso-
ciation extends to its prototype, the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, and to all other scientific organizations with similar aims throughout the
world, an invitation to cooperate not only in advancing the interests of science but also
in promoting peace among nations and intellectual freedom in order that science may
continue to advance and to spread more abundantly its benefits to all mankind.

Resolution on the Cooperation of Industries and Industrial
Laboratories with Other Laboratories and Research

Organizations

Adopted by the Executive Committee by Authority of the Council, June 27, 103S

Resolved, That, in order to bring industries and industrial laboratories into closer
relations with other laboratories and research organizations for the purpose of ad-
vancing the interests of science, the American Association for the Advancement of
Science now formulates and adopts the following plan :

The Association, upon recommendation of its Executive Committee and approval by
its Council, will accept and administer funds given in support of specific researches in
designated laboratories or research organizations, under the condition that, if the in-
vestigations supported by the funds shall lead to patentable inventions or discoveries,
the investigators shall take out and assign to the Association patents on the inventions
or discoveries at the expense of the respective donors of the funds ; and the Association
will either assign the patent subject to usual and reasonable royalties, to the donor of
the funds (or grant the donor of the funds an exclusive license under the patent or
patents), subject to usual and reasonable royalties, (such exclusive license to be in no
case for a period of less than three years from date on which the patent is granted or
the product is marketed, whichever is the later date.) The Association will use any
royalties so received in the support of such research as it may determine, and it reserves
the right to waive the royalties whenever it deems such action to be in the public interest
in the use of the products or processes covered by the patents which it assigns.

i iK Resolutions Passed by the Council

Resolution on Honorary Junior Membership

Adopted by the Council. June 28, 1938

Resolved, That the officers of the Association be authorized and instructed to offer
to each of the affiliated Academies of Science the privilege of nominating for annual
Honorary Junior Membership in the Association one hoy and one girl from its junior
academy or, if it has no junior academy, from junior science clubs within its territory;
and that the Association in thus providing for Honorary Junior Memberships shall ar-
range that during the period of honorary membership the honorary junior member shall
pay no entrance fee or dues, shall receive a suitable certificate of membership, the four
copies of Science containing the preliminary announcements and reports of the meet-
ings, the programs of the meetings ; and also Science News Letter provided through the
courtesy of Science Service.

Resolution Supporting the Holding of International Congresses

Adopted by the Council, June 27, 1938

Whereas, The American Association for the Advancement of Science, realizing the
fact that the holding of International Congresses or meetings for the purpose of dis-
cussing science and human welfare serves fundamentally to advance understanding
among the nations, hereby approves in principle lending its influence and support to
further the plans of such congresses or meetings when arranged or sponsored by any
of its affiliated societies or other organizations of corresponding standing.

Resolution in Memorial to Earl Baldwin McKinley

Approved by the Council, December 27, 1938

in the death of Earl Baldwin McKinley science in America suffered an irreparable
loss. When on July 29 the Hawaiian Clipper disappeared in the China Sea, it brought
to a tragic and untimely end the life of this able and devoted worker who had rendered
signal services in his own country and in distant lands to the advancement of science
and to the conquest of disease.

Trained in arts and medicine at the University of Michigan by distinguished teachers
and investigators, McKinley was drafted into the faculty of the university even before
he had received the medical degree. Rapidly new opportunities offered themselves to
him. Research in the tropics of Orient and Occident made him familiar at first hand
with the great plagues of man. A keen observer and able interpreter, he promptly won
recognition and support for his research projects. With breadth of vision granted only
to the few, he sensed intuitively the significant lines of attack on great problems in
bacteriology, tropical medicine and public health.

While he gave distinguished services to several universities in this country, he spent
a large part of a short but eventful life in the tropics ; and only a year ago returned
from a sabbatical year devoted to experimental work on leprosy. His last great venture
sought to determine the influence of upper air currents in the transportation and dis-
persal of disease germs. Suddenly with the epoch making flight westward nearly com-
pleted, and in the company with another distinguished scientist and member of the
American Association, Fred C. Meier, some unknown disaster closed the record. In

Resolutions Passed r.v the uhwcil ng

sight of success he went down to glorious defeat in the great struggle of the human
race for freedom from the hondage of disease.

A loyal friend, a genial and vigorous fighter for high ideals, never turned from his
purpose by narrow criticism, animated by the constant desire to make the world he
knew a hetter place to live in, McKihley left his mark on many undertakings in science,
education and social advancement. The Executive Committee of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, to the work of which he had unselfishly and
generously devoted much time and energy} wishes through this tribute to bear testi-
mony to his services for the cause of science and for the welfare of man. All his fellow
workers wish to join also in expressing to his family heartfelt sympathy and condolence.

Resolution on the Cooperation of the Smithsonian Institution

Adopted by the Council, December 2g, 1038,

The American Association for the Advancement of Science at its annual meeting in
Richmond places on record its appreciation of the cooperation of the Smithsonian In-
stitution and of its distinguished secretaries, the late Charles D. Walcott and the pres-
ent secretary, Dr. C. G. Abbot. The Smithsonian Institution has since 1907 provided
rooms in its building for the headquarters of the Association, free of all charge for
rent or incidental expenses, and in Decemher, 1928, increased the space to meet the
growing needs of the Association.

The Association may look forward to a building of its own which might provide
headquarters also for the national scientific societies affiliated with it; but this will re-
quire large funds. In the meanwhile the Association is most fortunate in its present
location and address. The Smithsonian Institution is a national and international
foundation, unique in its origin, its control and its history. On its seal its objects are
stated in the classic words: "For the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men."'
The objects of the American Association for the Advancement of Science are the
same; these great organizations can to advantage work together for their attainment.

Resolution on the Menace of Stream Pollution

Adopted by the Council. December so, 1030

The menace of stream pollution has already heen given careful consideration and the
American Association for the Advancement of Science has expressed its views that any
legislation should include provision for reasonable control by constituted authority. At
present the Mundt bill as amended is the only measure yet proposed which conforms
to that consideration.

Resolution of Appreciation to the National Association of

Science Writers

Adopted by the Council, December 30, 193Q

The Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Science expresses
its ohligation and appreciation to The National Association of Science Writers. By
the efforts of its members to disseminate through the newspapers accurate news of

120 Resolutions Passed by the Council

progress in all fields of science this organization has become a most important agency
in changing the picture of science in the public mind, and is performing a distinctive
service to science and the public.

The services of this specially trained group of men and women are unique in the
history of journalism and of popular education. Their efforts in bringing before the
attention of the world the proceedings of the annual summer and winter meetings of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as well as of the proceed-
ings of other scientific bodies, have proved not only of great value to the public but
also to the scientists themselves individually and collectively.

The National Association of Science Writers is keenly aware of the importance of
Science as the greatest potential force for the betterment of man, and has worked un-
tiringly to make the scientists themselves aware of their social responsibility as the
builders of man's future. By keeping the world at large constantly informed of the
important developments in pure and applied science they accomplish a three-fold pur-
pose — spread knowledge to the millions, materially reduce the lag between discovery
and application, and give greater impetus to research.

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

For the Calendar Year 1934

Volume LXXXVII

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS For 1 934 I 23

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS SQM 1934

The Association held tWo meetings in the calendar year 1934, a joint
meeting with the Pacific Division at Berkeley, Calif., June 17-20, and the
annual meeting at Pittsburgh, Pa., Dec. 27, 1934 -Jan. 2, 1935. The Pa-
cific Division had previous!}- met in Berkeley twice, in 192 r and in 1929.
The Association had held two earlier meetings in Pittsburgh, the first in
1902 and the second in 1918. The Southwestern Division held a joint meet-
ing with the Texas Academy of Science at Lubbock, Texas, April 30 - May

3. 1934-

At the Berkeley meeting the registration was 1 104 and 863 addresses and
papers were on the programs ; at Pittsburgh 2823 persons were registered
and 1550 addresses and papers were delivered or read. At the close of the
fiscal year 1934 (Sept. 30) the membership of the Association was 18,553;
of the Pacific Division, 1856; and of the Southwestern Division, 258.

Officers of the Association for 1934

President. Edward L. Thorndike (psychology), Columbia University.

Retiring President. Henry Norn's Russell (astronomy), Princeton Uni-
versity.

Permanent Secretary. Henry B. Ward, University of Illinois.

General Secretary. Burton E. Livingston, Johns Hopkins University.

Treasurer. John L. Wirt, Washington, D. C.

Secretary of the Council. Charles A. Shull, University of Chicago.

Executive Assistant. Sam Woodley, Washington, D. C.

Auditor. W. J. Humphreys, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C.

Director of Press Service. Austin H. Clark, National Museum, Washing-
ton, D. C.

Director of the Annual Science Exhibition. F. C. Brown, Washington, D. C.

Members of the Executive Committee (page 95 )

Members of the Finance Committee (page 95)

Members of the Committee on Grants (page 95)

Members of the Council (pages 95 and 92-94)

Section Officers (pages 92-94)

Officers of the Pacific Division
(For the fiscal year June, hj^j - J uiu\ lyjp

President. Joel H. Hildebrand (chemistry), University of ( California.
Secretary. J. Murray Luck, Stanford University, Calif.

124 The Berkeley Meeting

Council Representative. E. G. Martin, Stanford University, Calif.

Officers of the Southwestern Division

(For the fiscal year April, iyjj - April, 1934)

President. Oliver C. Lester (physics), Colorado Carnotite Company.

Secretary. E. F. Carpenter, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.

Council Representative. Forrest Shreve, Desert Laboratory, Tucson, Ariz.

The Berkeley Meeting, June 18-23, 1934

( The 9 .jth meeting of the Association and the iSth meeting of the

Pacific Division)

Officers of the Local Committee
R. E. Clausen, chairman; A. R. Davis, secretary; L. A. Nichols, treasurer

Participating Societies

Affiliated with Section on Mathematics
American Mathematical Society ( 14 -)- 4 papers 1 )

Affiliated with Section on Physics

American Physical Society (53 + 5 papers)
American Meteorological Society (37 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Chemistry
American Chemical Society, Pacific Intersectional Division (53 papers)
Phi Lambda Upsilon

Affiliated with Section on Astronomy

Astronomical Society of the Pacific (40 -f- 5 papers)
Society for Research on Meteorites ( 1 1 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Geology and Geography
Committee on the Oceanography of the Pacific

Affiliated with Section on Zoological Sciences

Western Society of Naturalists (39 -\- 14 papers)

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpatologists, Western Di-
vision (15 papers)

American Association of Economic Entomologists, Pacific Coast Branch
(4i -f 13 papers)

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone;
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Berkeley Meeting 125

Entomological Society of America (5 papers)
American Society of Parasitologists (8 + 6 papers)
Pacific Coast Entomological Society (o -(- 5 papers)
Lorqnin Entomological Club (o -f- 5 papers)
Committee on the Oceanography of the Pacific
San Francisco Aquarium Society (5 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America (16 -J- 46 papers)

American Phytopathological Society, Pacific Division (40 papers)

American Society of Plant Physiologists (o -(- 32 papers)

Affiliated zvith Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

Genetics Society of America ( 14 -f~ 5 papers)
Ecological Society of America (13 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Anthropology
American Anthropological Association, Pacific Division (36 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Psychology
Western Psychological Association (68 + 3 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Social and Economic Sciences

Econometric Society (o -f- 18 papers)
American Statistical Association (o -f- 8 papers)
Western Farm Economic Association (17 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Historical and Philological Sciences

History of Science Society (o -j- 10 papers )
Linguistic Society of America ( o -(- 10 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Engineering

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (42 papers)

American Geophysical Union, Hydrology Section, and

American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Pacific Coast Section (13

papers)
Western Inter-State Snow Survey Conference (7 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Medical Sciences

Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Pacific Coast Branch

(23 papers)
California State Veterinary Medical Association (11 -(- 8 papers)

126 The Berkeley Meeting

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

Western Society of Soil Science (31 papers)

American Society of Agronomy, Western Branch (17 + 7 papers)

General Sessions

Joel H. Hildebrand, University of California. "The Liquid State." (Ad-
dress as president of the Pacific Division.)

L. Dudley Stamp, London School of Economics. "Planning the Land of
the Future." (Third Hector Maiben Memorial lecture.) Science 80: 507-

5 12 - 1934-

J. C. Merriam, president of Carnegie Institution of Washington. "Re-
sponsibility of Science with Relation to Government Problems." Science
80: 597-601. 1934.

Edwin B. Wilson, Harvard School of Public Health. "Are There Pe-
riods in American Business Activity ?" Science 80 : 193-199. 1934.

Karl T. Compton, president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
"Science and Prosperity." Science 80: 387-394. 1934.

Symposia

"Nuclear Structure" (6 papers). American Physical Society.

"Fundamental Physical Constants" (6 papers). American Physical So-
ciety.

"The Protozoan Life Cycle" (4 papers). The Western Society of Nat-
uralists.

"The Origin and Development of North Pacific Floras" (7 papers). Sec-
tion on Botanical Sciences.

"A Survey and Evaluation of the Present Status of Endocrine Investi-
gations" (3 papers). Section on Medical Sciences.

"Can Personality Be Measured?" (9 papers). Western Psychological
Association and Section on Education.

"Weed Control" (7 papers). Section on Agriculture and American So-
ciety of Agronomy.

"Phosphate" (7 papers). Western Society of Soil Science.

"Investigations Bearing on Reading" (4 papers) ; "Investigations in
Subjects Other Than Reading" (4 papers) ; "Investigations Bearing on
Maturation" (3 papers) ; "Investigations Bearing on Leadership and Re-
sponsibility in Schools" (4 papers) ; "Investigations Bearing on Guidance"
(3 papers). Section on Education.

Announcement and Report of Meeting
Preliminary Announcements and Xotices. Science 79: 396-402, 406, 499-
5CO, 519, 536. 1934-

The Pittsburgh Meeting 127

Permanent Secretary's general report, including reports of secretaries of
the sections and of the participating societies. Science 80: 43-62. 1934.

Willis Ray Gregg. "Progress in Development of the United States
Weather Bureau Service in Line with the Recommendations of the Science
Advisory Board. " Science 80: 349-351. 1934.

The Pittsburgh Meeting, Dec. 27, 1934- Jan. 2, 1935
(The 95th meeting of the Association and its 3d meeting at Pittsburgh)

Officers of the Local Committee
Thomas S. Baker, chairman; Davenport Hooker, vice chairman
E. K. Collins, secretary; C. B. Fergus, treasurer

Participating Societies
Affiliated with Section on Mathematics

American Mathematical Society (75 -\- 10 papers 1 )
Mathematical Association of America (6 + 9 papers)
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (7 -\- 3 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Physics

American Physical Society (77 -\- 17 papers)
American Association of Physics Teachers ( 12 -|- 6 papers)
Acoustical Society of America ( 12 -f- 3 papers)
American Meteorological Society (28 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Chemistry

American Chemical Society, Pittsburgh Section (o -f- 21 papers)
Phi Lambda Upsilon, Xi Chapter (no papers)

Affiliated with Section on Zoological Sciences

American Society of Zoologists (90 -\- 11 papers and demonstrations)
Entomological Society of America (41 -j- 12 papers)
American Association of Economic Entomologists (124 papers)
American Society of Parasitologists (47 -}- 7 papers)
Wilson Ornithological Club (38 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America (75 -f- 11 papers)
American Phytopathological Society (105 + 15 papers)

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone;
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

128 The PittsiBUiRQ.h Meeting

Mycological Society of America (22 -\- 15 papers)
American Fern Society (4 papers)
Sullivant Moss Society (7 papers)

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

American Society of Naturalists 15 papers)
Ecological Society of America ( 10 -f- 27 papers)
Genetics Society of America (45 + 3 papers)
American Microscopical Society (no papers)

Committee on Hydrobiology and Agriculture, National Research Coun-
cil (15 papers)

Affiliated wifh Section on Anthropology

American Anthropological Association (55 papers)

American Folk-Lore Society (Section and societies jointly, 55 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Social and Economic Sciences

Econometric Society (6 -f- 7 papers)

Metric Association (papers not listed in general program)

Affiliated with Section on Medical Sciences
American College of Dentists (12 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

American Society of Agronomy, Northeastern Section (4 + 6 papers)

American Society for Horticultural Science (173 -f- 14 papers)

Potato Association of America (22 -|- 17 papers)

Society of American Foresters (o -\- 7 papers)

Crop Protection Institute (papers not listed in general program)

Affiliated with Section on Education

Pi Lambda Theta, National Education Fraternity for Women
Kappa Delta Pi, Honor Society in Education
Phi Delta Kappa Fraternity

Science in General

Society of the Sigma Xi

American Nature Study Society

Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity

Pi Gamma Mu, National Social Science Honor Society

Sigma Delta Epsilon, Women's Graduate Scientific Fraternity

The Pittsburgh Meeting 129

( rEN'ERAL SESSIONS

Henry Xorris Russell, Princeton University. 'The Atmospheres 6f the
Planets." 1 Address of retiring president.) Science Si : 1-9. 1935-

William Alanson White, Superintendent, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Wash-
ington, 1). C. "Man. the Great Integrator." Science 81: 237-243. T935.

Earnest Albert Hooton, Harvard University. "Homo Sapiens. Whence
and Whither." (Thirteenth annual Sigma Xi lecture.) Sigma Xi Quarterly
23, No. 1. [935.

Arthur B. Lamb, Harvard University. "Crvstallogenic Adsorbents."
( Address of retiring vice president for the Section on Chemistry.)

Charles F. Kettering, president of General Motors Research Corpora-
tion. "Some Future Problems of Science and Engineering." (Address of
retiring vice president for the Section on Engineering.)

Cyrus C. Sturgis, University of Michigan. "Review of Some of the More
Recent Advances in the Study of Blood Diseases." (Address of retiring
vice president for the Section on Medical Sciences.) Science 81 : 368-371.

1935-

Albert Einstein. Institute for Advanced Stud}', Princeton, N. J. "An
Elementary Proof of the Theorem Concerning the Equivalence of Mass and
Energy." (Eleventh Josiah Willard ( iibbs lecture. )

Addresses of Vice Presidents

Section on Mathematics. C. X. Moore, University of Cincinnati. "Math-
ematics and Science." Science 81 : 2y-T,2. 1935.

Section on Physics. C. J. Davisson. Technical Staff of Bell Telephone
Laboratories. "Electron Optics."

Section on Chemistry. Arthur B. Lamb, Harvard University. "Crystal-
logenic Adsorbents."

Section on Astronomy. V. M. Slipher, Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff,
Arizona. "The Atmospheres of the Planets as Inferred from their Spectra."

Section on Geology and Geography. Rollin T. Chamberlin, The Univer-
sity of Chicago. "Certain Aspects of Geologic Classifications and Correla-
tions." Science 81 : 183-191,216-218. 1935.

Section on Zoological Sciences. George L. Streeter, Carnegie Institution,
Baltimore. "The Education of an Anatomist."

Section on Botanical Sciences. K. M. Wiegand, Cornell Lniversity. "A
Taxonomist's Experience with Hybrids in the Wild." Science 81 : 161-
166. 1935.

Section on Anthropology. T. Wingate Todd, Western Reserve Univer-
sity. "Anthropology and Growth." Science 81 : 259-263. 1935.

Section on Psychology. Walter R. Miles, Yale University. "Training,
Practise and Mental Longevity." Science 81 : 79-87. 1935.

130 The Pittsburgh Meeting

Section on Social and Economic Sciences. Wesley C. Mitchell, Columbia
University. "The Social Sciences and National Planning." Science 81 : 56-
62. 1935.

Section on Engineering. Charles F. Kettering, General Motors Corpora-
tion. "Some Future Problems of Science and Engineering."

Section on Medical Sciences. Cyrus C. Sturgis, University of Michigan.
"Some of the Recent Advances in the Study of Blood Diseases." Science

81: 368-371- 1935-

Section on Agriculture. A. R. Mann, Cornell University. "Agricultural
Planning as an Aspect of State and National Planning." Science 81 : 32-35.

1935-

Section on Education. Walter F. Dearborn, Harvard University. "The

Mental and Physical Growth of Public School Children."

Symposia

"Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics" (4 papers). American Math-
ematical Society and American Physical Society.

"Heavy Hydrogen and Its Compounds" (4 papers). Sections on Physics
and Chemistry.

"Noise Measurement" (4 papers). Acoustical Society of America.

"The Role of Chemistry in Education" (5 papers). Sections on Chemis-
try and Education and Division of Chemical Education of American Chemi-
cal Society.

"Mitosis" (4 papers). American Society of Zoologists.

"Improved Technique in the Study of Insects" (16 papers). Entomolog-
ical Society of America.

"The Status of Systematic Botany in American Colleges and Univer-
sities" (5 papers). Botanical Society of America.

"Plant Hormones" (4 papers). Physiological Section of Botanical So-
ciety of America and American Society of Plant Physiologists.

"Cytogenetic Evolutionary Processes and Their Bearing on Evolution
Theory" (3 papers). American Society of Naturalists, American Society of
Zoologists, Botanical Society of America and Genetics Society of America.

"The Chemistry and Metabolism of Sulfur-Containing Compounds of
the Body" (5 papers ). Section on Medical Sciences.

"Agricultural Planning" (10 papers). Section on Agriculture and Amer-
ican Society of Agronomy.

"The Use and Application of Rapid Soil Tests" (4 papers). Section on
Agriculture.

"Psychological Theories of Learning" (4 papers). Sections on Psychol-
ogy and Education.

The Pittsburgh Meeting 131

"Newer Knowledge of Interest to Science Teachers." Special Confer-
ence of the Committee on the Place of Science in Education.

"A National Organization of Science Teachers." Special Conference of
the Committee on the Place of Science in Education.

Preliminary Announcements and Report of Meeting

Preliminary Announcements and Notices. Science 80: 423, 424, 426,
485-494, 581-582, 612. Supplement to Science 80: 4-7, 18-25. 1934. The
Scientific Monthly, Jan., 1935.

Permanent Secretary's general report, including financial statements,
reports of secretaries of sections and of participating societies. Henry B.
Ward. Science 81 : 103-136. 1935.

Miscellaneous Articles, Notes and Reports

Edwin B. Wilson. "What Is a Proof?" Science 81 : 2>7~Z7Z- J 935-
Frederick P. Gay. "The Unsolved Problems of Leprosy." Science 81 :
283-285.

H. H. Bennett. "Facing the Erosion Problem." Science 81 : 321-326.

1935-

Council Meetings. June 18 and 21, 1934, at Berkeley. Science 80: 45-47.

1934-

Meeting of the Executive Committee, April 15, 1934, at New York.
Science 79: 481-484. 1934.

Treasurer's financial report for the fiscal year ended Sept. 30, 1934.
Science 81 : 108-109. 1935.

Permanent Secretary's financial report for the fiscal year 1933-34.
Science 81 : 109.

Grants in aid of research for 1934. Science 79: 483. 1934. Science 81 :

136. 1935-

Membership. A statement concerning membership for the fiscal year.
Science 81 : 109. 1935.

The Eleventh Prize Award of the Association. Science 79: 89-90. 1934.

The Science Exhibition at the Pittsburgh meeting of the Association.
Science 80: 284-285. 1934.

Symposium : "Physical and Chemical Changes in Nerve During Activity."
Science : Science Supplement, Apr. 27, 1934. Occasional Publications of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science. No. 2. (Out of print.)

132 The Luhp.ock. Texas, Meeting

The Lup.bock, Texas, Meeting of the Southwestern
Division, April 30- May 3, 1934

( The T./th meeting of the Southwestern Section, held in association with

the Texas Academy of Science)

R. A. Studhalter, Chairman of Local Committee

General Sessions

Bradford Knapp. president of Texas Technological College, and Ross
Edwards, Mayor of Lubbock, addresses of welcome ; B. C. Thorpe, presi-
dent of the Texas Academy of Science, and O. C. Lester, president of the
Southwestern Division, responses.

O. C. Lester, Lniversity of Colorado. "Research, the Door to Tomor-
row." (Address of retiring president of Southwestern Division.)

Otto Struve, Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wisconsin. "The Ga-
laxy." (Fifth John Wesley Powell lecture.)

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

For the Calendar Year 1935

Volume LXXXVIU

Summarized Proceedings for 1935 135

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS FOR 1935

Two meetings of the Association were held in the calendar year 1935, the
summer meeting at Minneapolis, Minn., June 24 to June 29, and the annual
meeting at St. Louis, Mo., December 30, 1935 to January 4, 1936. The Asso-
ciation had held two earlier meetings in Minneapolis, the first in August,
1883, and the second in December, 1910. Three earlier meetings had been
held in St. Louis, the first in August, 1878, the second in December, 1903,
and the third in December, 19 19.

The Pacific Division held its annual meeting in Los Angeles in June, a
previous meeting of the division having been held in Los Angeles in 1923.
The Southwestern Division held its meeting in Santa Fe, N. M., having
previously held a meeting in that city in both 1922 and 1927.

At the Minneapolis meeting the registration was 417 and 340 papers were
on the programs ; at the St. Louis meeting 2,292 persons were registered
and 1575 papers were on the programs ; at the Los Angeles meeting of the
Pacific Division the registration was 779 and 383 papers were on the pro-
grams ; and at the Santa Fe meeting of the Southwestern Division the regis-
tration was 220 and 142 papers were on the programs. The total registration
at meetings of the Association and its divisions during 1935 was 3708 and
the total number of addresses and papers on the programs was 2440. At the
close of the fiscal year 1935 (September 30) the membership of the Asso-
ciation was 17,937; the membership of the Pacific Division was 1971 ; and
the membership of the Southwestern Division was 277.

Officers of the Association for 1935

President. Karl T. Compton (physics), Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology.

Retiring President. Edward L. Thorndike (psychology), Columbia Uni-
versity.

Permanent Secretary. Henry B. Ward, Smithsonian Institution Bldg.,
Washington, D. C.

General Secretary. Otis W. Caldwell, Columbia University.

Treasurer. John L. Wirt, Washington, D. C.

Secretary of the Council. Charles A. Shull, The University of Chicago.

Executive Assistant. Sam Woodley, Washington, D. C.

Auditor. W. J. Humphreys, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C.

Director of the Press Service. Austin H. Clark, Washington, D. C.

Director of the Annual Science Exhibition. F. C. Brown, Washington, D. C.

136 The Third Minneapolis Meeting

Members oj the Executive Committee (page 95 I
Members oj the Finance Committee I page 95 )
Members of the Committee on Grants (page 95 )
Members oj the Council ( pages 95. 92-94)
Section Officers (pages 92-94)

Officers of the Pacific Division

(For the fiscal year June. 1934 - June, 1935)

/'resident. I .'ailey Willis, Stanford University, Calif.

Secretary. J. Murray Luck, Stanford University, Calif.

Council Representative. E. G. Martin, Stanford University, Calif.

Officers of the Southwestern Division

( Fpr the fiscal year April. 1934 - . Ifril. 1035 )

President. Harold S. Colton. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff,

Arizona.
Secretary. V. C. Kiech, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. M.
Council Representative. Harold S. Colton, Museum of Northern Arizona,

Flagstaff. Arizona.

The T.h 1 rd M i nneapolis Meetin.g, J.u ne 24 to 29, 1935
(The $6th meeting of the Association )

Officers Of the Local Committee
I). F. Minnich, chairman; 1). G. Patersoii, secretary

1 'ART I C I PAT I XG SOCIET I ES

Affiliated with Section on Physics
American Meteorological Society (35 papers)

. / /filiated with Section on . Istronomy
Society for Research on Meteorites (11 papers)

Affiliated ivilh Section on Zoological Sciences
American Society of Parasitologists (5-7-6 papers 1 )

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America ( -f- 4 papers )
American Phytopathological Society ( -J- 3 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists ( 19 + 3 papers)

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone;
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Third Minneapolis Meeting 137

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

Ecological Society of America ( -f- 4 papers )
< lenetics Society of America 1 6 - 1 - 3 papers )

Affiliated with Section on Medical Sciences

Society of American Bacteriologists
Minnesota State Medical Association

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

American Society of Agronomy. Corn Kelt Section (o -j- 3 papers)
American Society for Horticultural Science. Great Plains Section (o -[-

3 papers)
American Dairy Science Association io -j- 99 papers)
Association of Official Seed Analysts of North America (o -j- 27 papers)

( iEneral Session's

\\\ P. MurpHy, Boston, Mass. "Diseases of the Klood."

Richard P. Strong. Harvard University Medical School. "The Importance
of Ecology in Tropical Disease." ( Fourth Hector Maihen lecture.) Science
82: 307-317- '935-

Isaiah Bowman, president of Johns Hopkins University. "The Land of
Your Possession." Science 82 : 285-293. 1935.

William F. G. Swanri, Director, Bartol Research Foundation. "The
Nature of Cosmic Rays."

Philip Fox, Director, Adler Planetarium and Astronomical Museum,
Chicago, HI. "The Scale of the Universe."

Symposia

"Conservation" (4 papers). General session sponsored by the Association
and the University of Minnesota. Third paper: "Conservation of Minerals."
C. K. Leith. Science 82 : 109-1 17. 1935.

''Hormone Activity" (4 papers). Section on Zoological Sciences.

"Dormancy, After-Ripening, and Germination of Seeds" (7 papers).
American Society of Plant Physiologists.

"Improving the Germ Plasm of Domestic Plants and Animals" (3
papers). Section on Agriculture, American Phytopathological Society.
American Society of Plant Physiologists, Corn Kelt Section of American
Society of Agronomy, Great Plains Section of American Society of Horti-
cultural Science and American Dairy Science Association.

"Past, Present and Future of Phytopathology in North America." Amer-
ican Phytopathological Society.

"Attitude Measurement" ( 2 papers ). Section on Psychology.

138 The Fourth St. Louis Meeting

"Diseases of the Blood" (3 papers). Section on Medical Sciences and
Minnesota State Medical Association.

"Higher Education" (5 papers). Section on Education.
"Improvement in Learning" (4 papers). Section on Education.
"Childhood Studies" (4 papers). Section on Education.

Announcements and Reports

The Coming Minneapolis Meeting. Henry B. Ward. Science 81 : 266-
267. 1935.

Preliminary Announcement of the Minneapolis Meeting. Henry B. Ward.
Science 81 : 495"5°4- J 935-

Grants in Aid of Research for 1936. Henry B. Ward. Science 81 : 610.

1935-

The Lancaster Branch of the Association. F. A. Coventry. Science 81 :
286-287. I935-

Permanent Secretary's general report of the Minneapolis Meeting, in-
cluding reports of the secretaries of the sections and of the participating
societies. Henry B. Ward. Science 82 : 71-88. 1935.

The Fourth St. Louis Meeting, Dec. 30, 1935 -Jan. 4, 1936

(The Q/th meeting of the Association)

Officers of the Local Committee

George T. Moore, chairman; James B. Macelwane, vice chairman

W. D. Shipton, secretary

Participating Societies

Affiliated zvith Section on Mathematics

American Mathematical Society (68 + 3 papers 1 )
Mathematical Association of America (6 + 2 papers)
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (10 + 2 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Physics

American Physical Society (67 -j- 7 papers)

American Association of Physics Teachers (28 + 6 papers)

American Meteorological Society ( 10 -\- 15 papers)

Affiliated with the Section on Geology and Geography
Association of American Geographers ( 56 -f- n papers)

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone;
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Fourth St. Louis Meeting 139

National Council of Geography Teachers (26 papers)
Seismological Society of America ( 14 + 6 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Zoological Sciences

Entomological Society of America (43 papers)

American Association of Economic Entomologists ( 12 + 43 papers)

American Society of Parasitologists (58 + 5 papers)

Wilson Ornithological Club (31 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America (62 -j- 24 papers)
American Phytopathological Society (99 + 2 8 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists (41 + 15 papers)
Mycological Society of America (13 -f- 14 papers)
American Fern Society (4 -j- 3 papers)
Sullivant Moss Society (7 papers)

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

American Society of Naturalists (o -f- 10 papers)
Ecological Society of America (33 + 21 papers)
Genetics Society of America (2,2, + 16 papers)
American Microscopical Society
Phi Sigma Society (90 papers)
Limnological Society of America (18 papers)
Beta Beta Beta Honor Biological Fraternity

Affiliated with Scctio)i on Social and Economic Sciences
Econometric Society (1 + 5 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Historical and Philological Sciences
History of Science Society

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

American Society of Agronomy (0 + 4 papers)

American Society for Horticultural Science ( 109 + 19 papers)

Potato Association of America (36 + 20 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Education

Phi Delta Kappa Fraternity

Pi Lambda Theta, National Education Fraternity for Women

Kappa Delta Pi, Honor Society in Education

140 The Fourth St. Louis Meeting

Science in General

Society of the Sigma Xi

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa

American Nature Study Society (19 papers)

( iamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity

Pi (iamma Mu, National Social Science Honor Fraternity

Sigma Delta Epsilon, Women's Graduate Scientific Fraternity

American Science Teachers Association (.8 papers)

Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi

American Association of University Professors

Academy of Science of Saint Louis

( jKnekal Sessions

Edward L. Thorndike, Columbia University. ''Science and Values."
(Address of retiring president.) Science 83:1-8. 1936.

John Bellamy Taylor, General Electric Company. "The Electric Eye and
the Human Eye." (Fourteenth annual Sigma Xi lecture.) Sigma Xi Quar-
terly 24, X T o. 1. 1936.

William Allan Neilson, president of Smith College. "The American
Scholar Today." (First annual Phi Beta Kappa lecture.) The American
Scholar. 1936.

Harold G. Moulton, president of the Brookings Institution, Washington,
D. C. "Scientific Method in the Investigation of Economic Problems." The
Scientific Monthly 17: 214-221.

B. A. Houssay, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. "The Pituitary
( rland and the Metabolism of the Body."

Edwin H. Barbour, University of Nebraska. "The Proboscidea of the
Plains." •

Frederick Slocum, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. "The
Changing Picture of the Universe."

Vern O. Knudsen, University of California at Los Angeles. "The Ad-
sorption of Sound in Gases."

Carl Snyder. Federal Reserve Bank, New York. "The Role of Capitalism
in Civilization."

V. K. Zworykin, Radio Corporation of America. "Electron Optical
Systems and their Applications."

Vannevar Bush. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Mechanical
Analysis." (Twelfth annual Josiah Willard Gibbs lecture.)

Addresses of Vice Presidents

Section on Mathematics. R. D. Carmichacl, University of Illinois. "Linear
Differential Equations of Infinite Order."

The Fourth St. Louis Meeting i-|[

Section en Physics. Henry G. Gale, The University of Chicago. The
Diffraction Grating."

Section on Chemistry. Joel II. Hildebrand, University of California.
"Dipole Attraction and Hydrogen Bond Formation in their Relation to
Solubility." Science 83: 21-24. [ 93^.

Section on Astronomy. Frederick Slocum, Wesleyan Unive Tsity. Middle-
town, Conn. "The Changing Picture of the Universe."

Section on Geology and Geography. J. B. Macelwane, St. Louis Uni-
versity. "Problems and Progress on the ( ieologico-Seismological Frontier."
Science 83: 193-198. 1936.

Section on Zoological Sciences. ( )scar Riddle, Station for Experimental
Evolution of Carnegie Institution. 'The Confusion of Tongues." Science
83: 41-45. 69-74. 1936.

Section on Botanical Sciences. Bernard O. Dodge, New York Botanical
Garden. "Reproduction and Inheritance in Asconwcetes." Science 8^:

r69-l7S- I93 6 -

Section on Anthropology. M. J. Herskovits, Northwestern L'niversity.

"Applied Anthropology and the American Anthropologists." Science 83 :
215-222. 1936.

Section on Psychology. John E. Anderson, L'niversity of Minnesota.
''Child Development and the Interpretation of Behavior/' Science 83: 245-
252. 1936.

Section on Social and Economic Sciences. Carl Snyder, Federal Reserve
Bank, New York. "The Role of Capitalism in Civilization."

Section on Historical and Philological Sciences. Solon J. Buck. National
Archives, Washington, D. C. "The National Archives and the Advance-
ment of Science." Science 83 : 379-385. 1936.

Section on Medical Sciences. Stanhope Bayne-Jones, Yale University.
"Bacterial Poisons and their Antidotes."

Section on Agriculture. Jacob G. Lipman, Rutgers University. "The
Conservation of our Land Resources." Science 8^ : 65-69. 1936.

Section on Education. Guy Thomas Buswell, The University of Chicago.
"Some Contributions of the Study of Eye Movements to the Psychology °f
Perception."

Symposia

"The Teaching of Geometry" (3 papers). National Council of Teachers
of Mathematics.

"Photoelectricity" (3 papers). American Physical Society and American
Association of Physics Teachers.

"Land Utilization" (5 papers). Association of American Geographers.

"Species from a Genetic Standpoint" (3 papers). Section on Zoological

142 The Fourth St. Louis Meeting

Sciences, Genetics Society of America, Systematic Section of the Botanical
Society of America and the American Society of Naturalists.

"Early Man in America with Particular Reference to the Southwestern
United States" (6 papers). Section on Zoological Sciences, American
Society of Naturalists, Botanical Society of America and Genetics Society
of America.

"Orchard Sanitation" (3 papers). American Association of Economic
Entomologists.

''Contemporary Investigation of Taxonomic Concepts" (4 papers).
Botanical Society of America and Genetics Society of America.

"Light Relations of Plants" (4 papers). Botanical Society of America
and American Society of Plant Physiologists.

"The Plant Geography of the Mississippi Valley" (3 papers). Section on
Zoological Sciences, General Section of Botanical Society of America, Amer-
ican Society of Naturalists and Genetics Society of America.

"Antibiosis : the Antagonism toward Plant Pathogens by other Micro-
organisms" (3 papers). American Phytopathological Society.

"Ecological Aspects of some recent Government Activities" (8 papers).
Ecological Society of America.

"Study and Teaching of the History of Science" (4 papers). Section on
Historical and Philological Sciences and History of Science Society.

"Early Science in the St. Louis Area" (8 papers). Section on Historical
and Philological Sciences, History of Science Society and Academy of
Science of St. Louis.

"Sex Hormones" (11 papers). Section on Medical Sciences.

"The Conservation of the Land" (4 papers). Section on Agriculture and
American Society of Agronomy. First paper : "The Conservation of our
Land Resources.-" Jacob G. Lipman. Science 83 : 65-69. 1936.

"Maturation and Learning" (4 papers). Section on Education and Sec-
tion on Psychology.

Announcement and Report of Meeting

Preliminary Announcement of the Fourth St. Louis Meeting. Henry B.
Ward. Science 82: 499-510. 1935.

Permanent Secretary's general report, including reports of secretaries of
sections and of participating societies. Henry B. Ward. Science 83: 111-
146. 1936.

The Second Los Angeles Meeting 143

The Second Los Angeles Meeting of the Pacific
Division, June 25-29, 1935

(The ipth annual meeting of the Pacific Division)

Participating Societies

American Association of Economic Entomologists, Pacific Slope Branch

American Meteorological Society

American Physical Society

American Phytopathological Society, Pacific Division

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Western Division

Astronomical Society of the Pacific

Botanical Society of America, Pacific Section

Ecological Society of America

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Pacific Coast Branch

Western Psychological Association

Western Society of Naturalists

Western Society of Soil Science

General Sessions

Bailey Willis, Stanford University. 'The Living Globe." (Address of
retiring president of the Pacific Division.) Science 82 :427-433.

Fred E. Wright, Carnegie Institution of Washington. "The Surface of
the Moon."

Special Research Reviews

V. O. Knudsen, University of California at Los Angeles. "Recent De-
velopments in Acoustics."

Th. Dobzhansky, California Institute of Technology. "The Mechanism
of Heredity."

B. M. Allen, University of California at Los Angeles. "Recent Develop-
ments in the Field of Hormones."

Symposia

"Seismologic Research" (6 papers): (i) "Earthquakes of Northern
California," Perry Byerly ; (2) "Research on Near and Far Earthquakes,"
B. Gutenberg; (3) "Vibration Research for Earthquake Resistant Build-
ings," L. Jacobsen ; (4) "Development of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Seismological Program in California," T. J. Maher; (5) "Mechanics of
Earthquake Activity," Bailey Willis; and (6) "Present Status of the Rela-
tion of the State of California to Earthquake Resistant Public School Build-
ing Design and Construction," Geo. B. McDougall.

144 The Third Santa Fe Meeting

"The Virus Diseases of Plants and Animals." American Phytopatho-
logical Society, Pacific Division, Botanical Society of America, Pacific Di-
vision, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine and the Western
Society of Naturalists.

Preliminary Announcement and Report of Meeting

"The Los Angeles Meeting of the Pacific Division." J. Murray Luck.
Science 81 : 333"334- *935-

Secretary's general report of the Los Angeles meeting of the Pacific Di-
vision, including reports of the secretaries of participating societies. J.
Murray Luck. Science 82 : 357-368. 1935.

The Third Santa Fe Meeting oe the Southwestern
Division, April 29 - May 2, 1935

(The 15th meeting of the Southwestern Division)

Participating Societies

Ecological Society of America

New Mexico Association for the Advancement of Science

New Mexico Game Protective Association

New Mexico Public Health Association

Society of American Foresters, Southwestern Section

Southwestern Conservation League

Second Annual Tree-Ring Conference

General Sessions

D. S. Robbins, State College, N. M. "Science and Religion." (Address
of retiring president of the Southwestern Division.)

Edgar L. Hewitt, Director of the Museum of New Mexico. "The Social
Sciences in the Program of Education." (The sixth John Wesley Powell
lecture.)

A. E. Douglass, University of Arizona. "Trees: Recorders of History
and Climate."

Symposia

"Atomic Nuclei." Papers by W. B. Pietenpol, University of Colorado,
and J. C. Stearns, University of Denver.

"Trees: Recorders of History and Climate." Papers by A. E. Douglass,
University of Arizona, E. W. Haury, Assistant Director, Gila Pueblo,
Globe, Arizona, and G. A. Pearson, Southwest Forest and Range Experi-
ment Station, Tucson, Ariz.

Report of Santa Fe meeting. E. F. Carpenter. Science 82: 41-42. 1935.

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

For the Calendar Year 1936

Volume LXXXIX

Summarized Proceedings for 1936 147

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS FOR 1936

The Association held two meetings in the calendar year 1936, a meeting
at Rochester-Ithaca, N. Y., June 16-20, and the annual meeting at Atlantic
City, N. J., Dec. 28, 1936 - Jan. 2, 1937. The Association had previously
held one meeting at Rochester, in August, 1892, one meeting at Ithaca, in
June-July, 1906, and one meeting in Atlantic City, in December, 1932. A
large portion of the Rochester-Ithaca program was presented at Rochester
on June 16-18, after which the Association joined with the Society of the
Sigma Xi at Ithaca in celebration of the semi-centennial of its founding.
The Pacific Division held a meeting at Seattle, Washington, June 15-20,
and the Southwestern Division held a meeting at Flagstaff, Arizona, April
27-30.

At the Rochester-Ithaca meeting 514 persons were registered and 230 ad-
dresses and papers were on the programs ; at the Atlantic City meeting 2375
persons were registered and 1450 addresses and papers were delivered or
read ; at the Seattle meeting of the Pacific Division 779 persons were regis-
tered and 449 addresses and papers were delivered or read ; and at the
Flagstaff meeting of the Southwestern Division 116 addresses and papers
w r ere delivered or read. At the close of the fiscal year 1936 (Sept. 30) the
membership of the Association was 18,242 ; the membership of the Pacific
Division was 2004 ; and the membership of the Southwestern Division was

323-

Officers of the Association for 1936

President. Edwin G. Conklin (zoology), Princeton University.

Retiring President. Karl T. Compton (physics), Massachusetts Institute
of Technology.

Permanent Secretary. Henry B. Ward, Washington, D. C.

General Secretary. Otis W. Caldwell. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant
Research.

Treasurer. John L. Wirt, Washington, D. C.

Secretary oj the Council. Charles A. Shull, University of Chicago.

Executive Assistant. Sam Woodley. Washington, D. C.

Auditor. W. J. Humphreys, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C.

Director oj Press Service. Austin H. Clark, National Museum, Washing-
ton, D. C.

Director oj the Annual Science Exhibition. F. C. Brown, Washington, D. C.

Members oj the Executive Committee (page 95)

Members oj the Finance Committee (page 95)

148 The Rochester (N. Y.) - Ithaca Meeting

Members of the Committee on Grants (page 95)
Members of the Council (pages 95, 92-94)
Section Officers (pages 92-94)

Officers of the Pacific Division
(For the fiscal year June, 1935 - June, 1936)

President. Richard C. Tolman, California Institute of Technology

Secretary. J. Murray Luck, Stanford University.

Council Representative. Roy E. Clausen. University of California.

Officers of the Southwestern Division
(For the fiscal year April, 1935 - April, 1936)

President. Frank E. E. Germann, University of Colorado.

Secretary. Y. C. Kiech, University of New Mexico.

Council Rchrescntati-t-c. Frank E. E. Germann, University of Colorado.

The Rochester (N. Y.) - Ithaca Meeting, June 16-20, 1936

( The 98th meeting of the association, its second meeting in Rochester and

its second meeting at Ithaca)

Officers of the Local Committee

H. L. Fairchild, honorary chairman; f. E. Hoffmeister, chairman

\Y R. Line, secretary

Participating Societies

Affiliated with Section on Physics
American Meteorological Society (6 papers)

. I ffilialcd with Section on botanical Sciences

American Society of Plant Physiologists (o -|- 9" papers' 3 )
Physiological Section, Botanical Society of America (o -f- 9 papers )

. Iffiliated with Section on Engineering

Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences (7 papers)
.American Society of Photogrammetry

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone;
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Rochester < X. Y.) -Ithaca Meeting 149

Affiliated with Section on Medical Sciences

Society of American Bacteriologists. Central New York State P. ranch

(26 -f- 10 papers)
Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Western New York

Branch (20 papers)

Affiliated ivith Section on Agriculture

American Society for Horticultural Science (0 + 9 papers)
Association of Official Seed Analysts (26 papers)

General Sessions

C. E. K. Mees, Eastman Kodak Company. '"Color Photograph)-."

Charles Camsell, Deputy Minister of Mines of the Dominion of Canada.
"A 4000 Mile Flight Over Northwestern Canada in August, 1935." (Fifth
Hector Maiben lecture.)

Carl Snyder, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. "The Role of Capi-
talism in Civilization."

Society of the Sigma Xi Semi-Centennial General Session. ( 1 ) Liv-
ingston Farrand, president of Cornell University: "Greetings"; (2) Edwin
G. Conklin, president of the Association : "The American Association for
the Advancement of Science and the Society of the Sigma Xi"; (3) W. F.
Durand, president of the Society of the Sigma Xi: "Response"; (4) Ed-
ward Ellery, Union College : "A Brief History of the Sigma Xi" ;
(5) Frank Van Vleck, Washington, D. C. (one of the founders of the
Sigma Xi) : "Reminiscences"; (6) Karl T. Compton, president of Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology: "The Service of Sigma Xi in the Uni-
versities of the Future." Sigma Xi Quarterly 24 : No. 2.

Symposia

"Problems of Current Interest to Physics and Geology" (6 papers). Sec-
tion on Physics and Section on Geology and Geography.

"Recent Developments in Weather Forecasting" (4 papers and demon-
stration of release of two high altitude balloons). Section on Physics and
American Meteorological Society.

"Biological Effects of Radiation" (3 papers). Section on Physics.

"Physiology of Reproduction in Higher Plants" (5 papers). American
Society of Plant Physiologists, Physiological Section of Botanical Society
of America and American Society for Horticultural Science.

"Scientific Aspects of Flood Control" (3 papers). Ecological Society
of America. Occasional Publications of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, No. 3. Supplement to Science, vol. 84.

150 The Atlantic City Meeting

"Social Security" (3 papers). Section on Social and Economic Sciences.
"Dental Caries" ( 10 papers). Subsection on Dentistry.

Announcements and Reports of Meeting

The Summer Meeting of the American Association. Henry B. Ward.
Science 83 : 365-366. 1936.

Preliminary Announcements of the Rochester-Ithaca meeting. Henry B.
Ward. Science 83 : 447-456. 1936.

Permanent Secretary's general report, including reports of the secre-
taries of the sections and of the participating societies. Science 84: 93-113.
1936.

Miscellaneous Articles, Notes and Reports

Simon Henry Gage. "Theobald Smith; Investigator and Man." (Ad-
dress at Theobald Smith Memorial Session.) Science 84: 1 17-122. 1936.

M. H. Eisenhart. Address on presentation of the 250,000th Bausch and
Lomb microscope to Professor Frederick G. Novy. Science 84: 122. 1936;
response by Edwin G. Conklin, pp. 122, 123. 1936.

Max Mason. "Science and the Rational Animal." Science 84: 71-76.
1936.

W. R. Whitney. "Accomplishments and Future of the Physical Sciences."
Science 84: 21 1-2 17. 1936.

The Atlantic City Meeting, Dec. 28, 1936 - Jan. 2, 1937

(The ppth meeting of the Association and its 2d meeting at Atlantic City)

There being no university at Atlantic City, arrangements for the meet-
ing were made by -the office of the Permanent Secretary and Mr. A. H.
Skean, Director of the Convention Bureau.

Participating Societies

Affiliated with the Section on Physics

American Physical Society (68 -j- 2 papers 1 )
American Association of Physics Teachers (39 -f- 2 papers)
American Meteorological Society (21 -\- 7 papers)
Sigma Pi Sigma

Affiliated with the Section on Chemistry

Division of Chemical Education, American Chemical Society (o -f- 2
papers)

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone;
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Atlantic City Meeting 151

Affiliated with the Section on Zoological Sciences

American Society of Zoologists ( 107 -f- 46 papers)
Entomological Society of America (48 -(- 5 papers)
American Association of Economic Entomologists (108+5 papers)
American Society of Parasitologists (63 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America (92 + 19 papers)
American Phytopathological Society (97 + 26 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists (45 + 15 papers)
Mycological Society of America (35 +12 papers)
American Fern Society (5 papers)
Snllivant Moss Society (9 + 3 papers)

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

American Society of Naturalists ( 1 + 10 papers)
Ecological Society of America (17 + 25 papers)
Genetics Society of America (33 + 12 papers)
Limnological Society of America (20 papers)
American Microscopical Society

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

American Society of Agronomy (0 + 8 papers)

American Society for Horticultural Science (121 + 16 papers)

Potato Association of America (32 + 21 papers)

Science in General

Society of the Sigma Xi

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa

American Nature Study Society

Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women's Scientific Fraternity

American Science Teachers' Association

General Sessions

Karl T. Compton, president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
ogy. "The Electron: Its Intellectual and Social Significance." (Address of
retiring president.) Science 85 : 27-37. 1937.

Henry G. Knight, Chief of U. S. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. "Sele-
nium and Its Relation to Soil, Plants, Animals, and Public Health." (Fif-
teenth annual Sigma Xi lecture.) Sigma Xi Quarterly 25, No. 1. 1937.

152 The Atlantic City Meeting

James R. Angell, president of Yale University. "The Scholar and the
Specialist." (Second Phi Beta Kappa lecture.) The American Scholar.

1937-

Special Sessions

E. O. Hulburt, Naval Research Laboratory. "The Optics of the Surface
of the Sea."

David Dietz, Science Editor, Scripps-Howard Newspapers. "Science
and the American Press." Science 85 : 107-1 12. 1937.

P. W. Zimmerman, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research. "Re-
sponse of Plants to Hormone-like Growth Substances."

C. C. Little, Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory. "The Social Sig-
nificance of Cancer."

Walter Schiller, University of Vienna. "Changes and Modifications in
the Conception of Carcinoma."

Addresses of Vice Presidents

Section on Mathematics. T. H. Hildebrandt, University of Michigan.
"Recent Developments in the Theory of Integration."

Section on Physics. John T, Tate, University of Minnesota. "Electron
Impacts in Gases."

Section on Chemistry. Moses Gomberg, University of Michigan. "Free
Radicals."

Section on Astronomy. H. R. Morgan, U. S. Naval Observatory. "Some
Problems in Fundamental Astronomy." Science 85 : 1-9. 1937.

Section on Zoological Sciences. Ross G. Harrison, Yale University. "Em-
bryology and Its Relations." Science 85 : 369-374. 1937.

Section on Botanical Sciences. E. W. Sinnott, Columbia University.
"Morphology as a Dynamic Science." Science 85 : 61-65. 1937.

Section on Anthropology. N. C. Nelson, American Museum of Natural
History. "Prehistoric Archaeology, Past, Present and Future." Science
85:81-89. 1937.

Section on Psychology. Robert M. Ogden, Cornell University. "The
Psychology of Art : Naive Geometry."

Section on Social and Economic Sciences. Shelby Harrison, Russell Sage
Foundation. "Winning Social Advance Through Process of Accretion."

Section on Historical and Philological Sciences. George Sarton, Harvard
University. "The Study of the History of 20th Century Science."

Section on Agriculture. H. K. Hayes, University of Minnesota. "Agri-
cultural Research in China." Science 85 : 321-325 ; 347-350. 1937.

Section on Education. F. B. Knight, University of Iowa. "Data Related
to Classroom Learning."

The Atlantic City Meeting 153

Symposia

'"Some Problems in Radiological Physics" (5 papers). American Phys-
ical Society.

"Radio-Meteorographs and Other Apparatus" (8 papers). American
Meteorological Society.

"Weather Variations and Long Range Forecasting" (/ papers). Amer-
ican Meteorological Society and Section on Astronomy.

"The Preparation of Teachers of Chemistry" (2 papers). Section on
Chemistry, Section on Education and Division of Chemical Education of
the American Chemical Society.

"Experimental Populations" (4 papers). American Society of Zoolo-
gists and Ecological Society of America.

"Genetics and Development" (5 papers). American Society of Zoolo-
gists, Genetics Society of America and American Society of Naturalists.

"Properties of Protoplasmic Surfaces" (5 papers). American Society of
Zoologists and Society of Cell Physiologists.

"Insects Affecting Man" ( 5 papers). Entomological Society of America
and American Association of Economic Entomologists.

"Recent Developments in Plant Sciences" (3 papers). Section on Botany,
Botanical Society of America, American Phytopathological Society, Ameri-
can Society of Plant Physiologists, Mycological Society of America, Ameri-
can Fern Society, and Sullivant Moss Society.

"Mineral Nutrition of Plants" (4 papers). Botanical Society of America,
Physiological Section, American Society of Plant Physiologists and Ameri-
can Society of Horticultural Science.

"Carbondioxide Assimilation" (6 papers). American Society of Plant
Physiologists.

"New Jersey Ferns" (5 papers). American Fern Society.

"Supra-Specific Variation in Nature and in Classification" (4 papers).
American Society of Naturalists, American Society' of Zoologists, Botanical
Society of America, Genetics Society of America, American Phytopatho-
logical Society and Ecological Society of America.

"Experimental Populations" (4 papers). Ecological Society of America
and American Society of Zoologists.

"Technique" (8 papers). Ecological Society of America and American
Society of Plant Physiologists.

"The Cortex and Behavior" (4 papers). Section on Psychology.

"The Cancer Problem" (32 papers). Section on Medicine. Published in
volume : The Cancer Problem. The Science Press. 1937.

"Pasture and Forage Crops in the Northeastern States" (8 papers). Sec-
tion on Agriculture and American Society of Agronomy.

154 The Seattle Meeting

Announcements and Reports of Meeting

Preliminary announcement of the Atlantic City meeting. Henry B.
Ward. Science 84 : 465-475. 1936.

Changes in program of last day of Atlantic City meeting. Science 84:
547-548. 1936.

Annual science exhibition. Science 84 : 269. 1936.

Cancer symposium, Section on Medical Sciences. Science 84: 439-440.

Invitation from American Philosophical Society for a one-day meeting
in Philadelphia after the Atlantic City meeting. Science 84 : 454. 1936.

Program of the Sessions in Atlantic City. Science 84 : 548. 1936.

Permanent Secretary's general report. Henry B. Ward. Science 85 : 129-
164. 1936.

Miscellaneous Articles, Notes and Reports

Meeting of the Executive Committee, Oct. 24-25. Science 84: 460-461.
1936.

Broadcasts at the Atlantic City meeting. Science 84 : 570. 1936.
Officers elected at Atlantic City meeting. Science 85 : 40-41. 1937.
Financial reports for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1936. Science 85 :

i34-r3 6 - J 937-

The Association Prize Award. Science 85 : 132-133. 1937.

Report of Committee on Grants. Science 85 : 164. 1937.

The Seattle Meeting of the Pacific Division,

June 16-20, 1936

(The 20th annual meeting oj the Pacific Division)

A. F. Carpenter, Chairman of Local Committee

General Sessions

Richard C. Tolman. California Institute of Technology. "The Present
Status of Cosmology." (Address of retiring president of the Pacific Di-
vision.) The Scientific Monthly: 43: 491-507; 44: 20-40. 1936, 1937.

F. K. Kirsten, University of Washington. "Lux Sit" (low voltage illu-
mination with rare gases and metallic vapors) .

C. McLean Fraser, University of British Columhia. "Marine Biology."

E. G. Moherg, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.
"Chemical Oceanography."

The Flagstaff Meeting 155

W. F. Thompson, Internationa] Fisheries Commission, Seattle, Wash.
"Fisheries."

O. W. Swainson, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Seattle, Wash. "Hy-
drographic Survey."

Special Research Reviews

"Stellar Spectroscopy." W. E. Harper, Dominion Astrophysical Ob-
servatory, Victoria, B. C.

"Plant Nutrition." D. R. Hoagland, University of California, Berkeley,
Calif.

"The Chemistry of Growth Promoting" Principles." Roger J. Williams,
Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon.

"Paleontology." E. L. Packard, Oregon State College, Corvallis, Ore.

Report of Meeting

Secretary's general report of the Seattle meeting. J. Murray Luck.
Science 84: 143-149, 169-174. 1936.

The Flagstaff Meeting of the Southwkstern Division,

April 27-30, 1936

(The 16th annual meeting of the Southwestern Division)
T. J. Tormey, Chairman of Local Committee

General Sessions

T. J. Tormey, president of Arizona State Teachers College, Address of
Welcome ; Harold S. Colton, Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, Re-
sponse.

Harold S. Colton, president of the Southwestern Division. "The Rise
and Fall of the Prehistoric Population of Northern Arizona." (Address of
retiring president of the Southwestern Division.) Science 84: 337-343.
1936.

John C. Merriam, President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington :
"The Wilderness as a Teacher, Preacher, and Companion. A Study of the
Contrihution made by a Great National Park."

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

For the Calendar Year 1937

Volume XC

Summarized Proceedings for 1937 [59

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS FOR 1937

The Association held two meetings in the calendar year 1.937. a joint
meeting with the Pacific Division and the Southwestern Division at Denver,
Colorado, June 21 to June 26, inclusive, and a meeting at Indianapolis, Ind.,
Dec. 27, 10,37 - Jan. 2, 1938, inclusive. The only previous meeting of the
Association in Denver was held in [901.

At the Denver meeting the registration was from 50 states, territorial
possessions and foreign countries, and 575 addresses and papers were on
the programs. At the meeting in Indianapolis the registration was 3,094
and 168 1 addresses and papers were on the programs. At the end of the
fiscal year 1937 (Sept. 30), the membership of the Association was 18,776,
that of the Pacific Division was 2023, and that of the Southwestern Division
was 258.

Officers of the Association for 1937

President. George D B. Birkhoff (mathematics), Harvard University.

Retiring President. Edwin G. Conklin ( zoology), Princeton University.

Permanent Secretary. F. R. Moulton, Washington, D. C.

General Secretary. Otis W. Caldwell, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant
Research.

Treasurer. John L. Wirt, Washington, D. C.

Secretary of the Council. Charles A. Shull, University of Chicago.

Executive Assistant. Sam Woodley, Washington, D. C.

Auditor. W. J. Humphreys, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C.

Counsel. Charles S. Baker, Munsey Building, Washington, D. C.

Director of Press Service. Austin H. Clark, National Museum, Washing-
ton, D. C.

Director of the Annual Science Exhibition. F. C. Brown, Washington, D. C.

Members of Executive Committee (page 95)

Members of Finance Committee (page 95)

Members of Committee on Grants (page 95)

Members of Council (pages 95, 92-94 )

Section Officers (pages 92-94)

Officers of Pacific Division

(For the fiscal year June, 1936-June, 1937)

President. Herbert M. Evans (anatomy), University of California, Berke-
ley, Calif.

Secretary. J. Murray Luck, Stanford University, Calif.

Council Representative. Roy E. Clausen, University of California,
Berkeley, Calif.

160 The Denver Meeting

Officers of Southwestern Division

(For the fiscal year April, 1936 - April, 1937)

President. Frank E. E. Germann (physics). University of Colorado,

Boulder, Colo.
Secretary. V. C. Kiech, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. M.
Council Representative. Frank E. E. Germann, Boulder, Colo.

The Denver Meeting, June 21-26, 1937

{The 100th meeting of the Association, the 21st meeting of the Pacific
Division and the i/th meeting of the Southwestern Division)

Officers of the Local Committee

J. J. Waring, chairman; T. P. Campbell, executive vice chairman
A. C. Nelson, treasurer; J. C. Stearns, secretary

Participating Societies

Affiliated with Section on Physics

American Physical Society, Pacific Coast Branch (26 -f- 4 papers 1 )
American Meteorological Society, Pacific Coast Branch ( 10 -f- o papers)
Hydrology Section, American Geophysical Union (30 -\- 9 papers)
American Association of Physics Teachers ( 18 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Astronomy

Astronomical Society of the Pacific (22 + 4 papers )
Society for Research on Meteorites ( 15 -\- 8 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Geology and Geography

Oceanographic Society of the Pacific (20 papers)
Association of Pacific Coast Geographers (21 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Zoological Sciences

American Association of Economic Entomologists, Pacific Slope Branch

(2 papers)
American Society of Parasitologists ( 18 papers)
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Western

Division (10 papers)

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone:
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Denver Meeting 161

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

American Phytopathological Society, Pacific Division (o -f- 12 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists, Western Division (31 -(- 10

papers)
American Fern Society
Botanical Society of America, Pacific Section (8 + 5 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

Ecological Society of America (25 + 3 papers)
Western Society of Naturalists (7 + 5 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Social and Economic Sciences

Econometric Society (3+15 papers)
American Statistical Association (3 + 13 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Engineering
The Institute of Aeronautical Sciences (7 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Medical Sciences

Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Pacific Coast Branch
and Southern California Branch (o -|- 11 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

Western Society of Soil Science (21+4 papers)

Society of American Foresters, Denver Section ( o -f- 16 papers)

General Sessions

Herbert M. Evans, Director of Institute of Experimental Biology, Uni-
versity of California. "The Development of Our Knowledge of Anterior
Pituitary Function." (Address of president of the Pacific Division.)

Nevil V. Sidgwick, Lincoln College, Oxford, England. "Molecules."
(Sixth Hector Maiben lecture.) Science 86: 335-340.

A. E. Douglass, University of Arizona. "Tree-rings and Chronology."
(Eighth John Wesley Powell lecture.)

Symposia

"Astrophysical Problems of the Ionosphere" (4 papers). American
Physical Society, Section on Astronomy and Astronomical Society of the
Pacific.

"Rocky Mountain Geomorphology" (8 papers). Section on Geology and
Geography.

162 The Indianapolis Meeting

"Interrelations of the Sciences Which Compose Oceanography" (3
papers). Oceanographic Society of the Pacific.

"Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever'' (4 papers). American Society of
Parasitologists.

"Chlorosis and Some of the Minor Elements" (5 papers). American So-
ciety of Plant Physiologists and Western Society of Soil Science.

"Plant Hormones" (4 papers). American Society of Plant Physiolo-
gists.

"Drought Resistance in Plants" (6 papers). American Society of Plant
Physiologists.

"Genetics and the Species Problem" (2 papers). Botanical Society of
America.

"Conservation Management of Wildlife" (5 papers). Ecological Society
of America.

"The Scientific Aspects of the Control of Drifting Soils" (3 papers).
Ecological Society of America. Published in The Scientific Monthly 47 :
22-33, 193-210, 381-399- 1938-

"Tuberculosis and Leprosy — The Mycobacterial Diseases" (21 papers).
Publication No. 5 of the Association. 1938.

Announcements and Reports of Meeting

List of principal addresses to be delivered. Henry B. Ward. Science 85 :
421. 1937.

Travel to Denver. Henry B. Ward. Science 85 : 446. 1937.

Preliminary announcement of the meeting. Henry B. Ward. Science 85 :
461-469. 1937.

Symposia at the Denver meeting. Science 85 : 491-492. 1937.

Minutes of the Executive Committee. Science 85 : 499-500. 1937.

Symposium on Control of Drifting Soils. Science 85 : 514. 1937.

Permanent Secretary's general report, including reports of secretaries
of the sections and of the participating societies. Science 86 : 131 -149. 1937.

The Indianapolis Meeting, Dec. 27, 1937- Jan. i, 1938
(The 101st meeting of the Association and its 3d meeting at Indianapolis)

Officers of the Local Committee

Stanley Coulter, chairman; Ray C. Friesner, secretary
Henry T. Davis, executive secretary

The Indianapolis Meeting 163

Participating Societies
Affiliated with Section on Mathematics

American Mathematical Society (78 -f- 15 papers 1 )
Mathematical Association of America (5+1 papers )
Institute of Mathematical Statistics (8 -f- 7 papers)
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (9 papers)
Association of Symbolic Logic ( o -j- 7 papers)

Affiliated with the Section on Physics

American Physical Society t 64 + 3 papers)
American Association of Physics Teachers (23 + 3 papers)
American Meteorological Society (13 + 6 papers)
Sigma Pi Sigma Physics Honor Society

Affiliated with Section on Zoological Sciences

American Society of Zoologists (147 -+- 19 papers)

American Association of Economic Entomologists ( 108 -+- 7 papers )

Entomological Society of America (48 -f- 7 papers)

American Society of Parasitologists (68 papers)

Wilson Ornithological Club (37 papers )

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America ( 1 1 7 -(- 27 papers)

American Phytopathological Society ( 84 -f- 46 papers)

American Society of Plant Physiologists (49 -)- ! J papers)

Mycological Society of America (19 4- 16 papers)

American Fern Society

Sullivant Moss Society (10 -|- 4 papers)

American Society of Plant Taxonomists

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

American Society of Naturalists (3+1 papers)

Ecological Society of America (31 -f 28 papers)

Genetics Society of America (55 + 5 papers)

American Microscopical Society

1 .imnological Society of America (29 + 6 papers )

Phi Sigma Society (34 papers)

Beta Beta Beta Honorary Biological Fraternity

1 The first number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone;
the second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

164 The Indianapolis Meeting

Affiliated with Section on Social and Economic Sciences
Econometric Society (o -f- 1 paper)
Metric Association (4 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Historical and Philological Sciences
History of Science Society (0+12 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Engineering

Institute of Aeronautical Sciences (8 papers)
Institute of Radio Engineers (5 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

Potato Association of America (25 -)- 22 papers)
Society of American Foresters (o -f- 10 papers)

Science in General

Society of the Sigma Xi (o + : paper)

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa (o -j- 1 paper)

American Nature Study Society (21 papers)

Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity

Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women's Fraternity

American Association of University Professors (2 papers)

American Science Teachers' Association (9 papers)

Union of American Biological Societies

Catholic Round Table of Science

General Sessions

Edwin G. Conkliii, Princeton University. "Science and Ethics." (Ad-
dress of retiring president.) Science 86 : 595-603. 1937.

Irving Langmuir, General Electric Company. "Biological Applications
of Surface Chemistry." (Sixteenth annual Sigma Xi lecture.) Sigma Xi
Quarterly 26, Xo. 1. 1938.

George Lyman Kittredge, Harvard University. "Shakespeare and the
Critics." (Third annual Phi Beta Kappa lecture.)

Thomas Parran, Surgeon-General, U. S. Public Health Service. "Syphilis
as a Public Health Problem." Science 87: 147-152. 1938. Also Publication
No. 6 (Syphilis) of the Association. 1938.

Special Sessions

Charles A. Kraus, Brown University. "The Present Status of the Theory
of Electrolytes." (Fourteenth Josiah Willard Gibbs lecture.)

Esmond R. Long, Henry Phipps Institute. "Tuberculosis, Leprosy and

The Indianapolis Meeting 165

Allied Mycobacterial Infections." Science 87: 23-31. 1938. Publication
No. 5 (Tuberculosis and Leprosy) of the Association. 1938.

Harold G. Moulton, Brookings Institution. "Science and Society."
Science 87: 173-179. 1938.

Addresses of Vice Presidents

Section on Mathematics. G. C. Evans, University of California. "Mathe-
matical Progress in Theoretical Economics."

Section on Physics. George B. Pegram, Columbia University.

Section on Chemistry. Irving Langmuir, General Electric Company.
"Overturning and Anchoring of Monolayers." Science 87 : 493-500. 1938.
Publication No. 7 (Applications of Surface Chemistry in Biology, pp. 9-18)
of the Association. 1939.

Section on Astronomy. Frederick H. Seares, Mt. Wilson Observatory.
"Magnitudes Again." Science 87: 1-8. 1938.

Section on Geology. George R. Mansfield, U. S. Geological Survey. "Ge-
ology in National and Everyday Life." Science 87 : 49-57. I93&

Section on Zoological Sciences. Ralph S. Lillie, University of Chicago.
"The Nature of Organizing Action."

Section on Botanical Sciences. J. M. Greenman, Missouri Botanical Gar-
dens, St. Louis. "Taxonomy as a Field for Research." Science 87: 265-
266. 1938.

Section on Anthropology. Ralph Linton, University of Wisconsin. "The
Present Status of Anthropology." Science 87: 241-248. 1938.

Section on Psychology. A. T. Poffenberger, Columbia University. "Some
Unsolved Problems in Human Adjustment." Science 87: 124-129. 1938.

Section on Social and Economic Sciences. Harold G. Moulton, Brook-
ings Institution. "Controlled Factors in Economic Development." Science

87: 173-179- 1938.

Section on Engineering. William E. Wickenden, Case School of Applied
Science. "The Social Sciences and Engineering Education." Science 87:
152-158. 1938.

Section on Medical Sciences. Esmond R. Long, Phipps Institute. "Tu-
berculosis, Leprosy and Allied Mycobacterial Infections." Science 87: 23-
31. Publication No. 5 (Tuberculosis and Leprosy, pp. 123-133) of the As-
sociation. 1938.

Section on Education. E. S. Evenden, Columbia University. "Factors
Affecting the Salaries of College and University Teachers."

Symposia

"College Physics in Its Relations to Pre-College Education" (2 papers).
American Association of Physics Teachers.

i66 The Indianapolis Meeting

"The Applications of Surface Chemistry in Biology" (6 papers). Sec-
tion on Chemistry. Publication Xo. 7 of the Association. 1939.

"Recent Advances in Chemical Physics" (9 papers). Section on Chemis-
try. Publication No. 7 of the Association. 1939.

"Oil in the Pennsylvanian of the Eastern Interior Basin" (10 papers).
Section on ( ieology.

"Sex Differentiation" (4 papers). American Society of Zoologists and
Genetics Society of America.

"Hydrobiology" (6 papers). American Society of Zoologists and Limno-
logical Society of America.

"The Relation Between Insects and Plant Diseases" (5 papers). Ameri-
can Association of Economic Entomologists. Entomological Society of
America and American Phytopathological Society.

"Agencies for Extending Entomological Information" (7 papers). Amer-
ican Association of Economic Entomologists.

"The Concept of the ( ienus" ( 5 papers ) . Botanical Society of America.

"Growth and Development of Meristems with Special Reference to Re-
production" (6 papers). Botanical Society of America, American Society
of Plant Physiologists and American Society for Horticultural Science.

"The Origin and Distribution of the Flora of the Middle West ( 6 papers).
Botanical Society of America.

"Methods of Teaching Plant Physiology" (4 papers). American Society
of Plant Physiologists.

"The Nature of Protoplasm" (3 papers). American Society of Zoolo-
gists. Botanical Society of America and Genetics Society of America.

"Breeding to Meet Economic Needs" (4 papers). Genetics Society of
America.

"Science and Society" (9 papers). Section on Social and Economic
Sciences.

"The Endocrines and Behavior" (4 papers). Section on Psychology.

"Social Implications of Modern Science (5 papers). Section on His-
torical and Philological Sciences and History of Science Society.

"Maya Civilization" (3 papers). Section on Historical and Philological
Sciences.

"Syphilis" ( 2<> papers). Section on Medical Sciences. Publication No. 6
of the Association. 1938.

'The Role of Minor Element Fertilization in Economic Plant Produc-
tion" (8 papers). Section on Agriculture, American Society for Horticul-
tural Science, Potato Association of America and American Society of
Agronomy.

"Need for a Twelve Year Science Program for American Public
Schools" (5 papers). American Science Teachers Association.

The Indianapolis Meeting 167

Announcement and Report of Meeting

Preliminary Announcement of the Indianapolis Meeting. F. R. Moulton.
Science 86: 503-510. 1937.

Permanent Secretary's general report of meeting (including reports of
the secretaries of the sections and of the participating societies). Science
87:95-117. 1938.

Miscellaneous Articles, Notes and Reports

George David Birkhoff, president-elect of the Association for 1937.
Science 85 : 131. 1937.

Report of Committee on Grants for 1937. Science 85 : 164. 1937.

Joint meeting of the Lancaster, Pa., Branch. Science 85 : 283.

Principal Addresses at the Denver Meeting. F. R. Moulton. Science 85 :
421. 1937.

Minutes of the April meeting of the Executive Committee. Henry B.
Ward. Science 85 : 499-500. 1937.

"Science." F. R. Moulton. Science 85 : 571-575. 1937.

Activities of the Phoenix Branch of the Association. A. L. Flagg. Science
86 : 58. 1937.

"Science and Society." F. R. Moulton. Science 86: 387-391. 1937.

Symposia Organized by the Section on Medical Sciences of the Associa-
tion. Earl B. McKinley. Science 86: 414. 1937.

"Science and Democracy." J. McKeen Cattell. Science 86: 443. 1937.

October meeting of the Executive Committee of the Association. F. R.
Moulton. Science 86 : 495-496. 1937.

"New Societies and Shifting Interests." Henry B. Ward. Science 86:
579-580. 1937.

"Resolutions on Intellectual Freedom." Science 87 : 10. 1938.

"Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Other Diseases Caused by Acid-Fast Bac-
teria." Wm Charles White. Science 87: 14-15. 1938.

"Science's Magna Charta." The Xevv York Times. Science 8y. 16-17.

1938.

"Science for Humanity's Sake." The Washington Post. Science 87:
118. 1938.

"Pandemic Botany." C. Stuart Gager. Science 87: 285-292. 1938.

"Functions of an Ecological Society." R. E. Coker. Science 87: 310-

3L> 1938.

"Progress in Horticultural Science." Arthur J. Heinicke. Science 87:

333S37- ^938-

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

For the Calendar Year 1938

Volume LXI

Summarized Proceedings for 1938 171

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS FOR 1938

The Association hold two meetings in the calendar year 1938, one at
Ottawa, Canada, from June 27 to July 2, inclusive, and the other in Rich-
mond. Virginia, from December 2j to 31, inclusive. The Ottawa meeting
was the fifth meeting of the Association in Canada, but the first in Ottawa;
the Richmond meeting was the first meeting of the Association in Virginia.
The Pacific Division held a meeting in San Diego, California, from June 20
to 25, inclusive, and the Southwestern Division held a meeting at Albu-
querque, New Mexico, from April 25 to 28, inclusive.

At the Ottawa meeting the registration was 1104 and 466 addresses and
papers were listed on the programs ; at the Richmond meeting the registra-
tion was 2553 and 1706 addresses and papers were listed on the programs;
at the San Diego meeting of the Pacific Division ^2 persons were regis-
tered and the programs contained the titles of 312 addresses and papers;
and at the Albuquerque meeting 113 persons were registered and no ad-
dresses and papers were delivered or read. At the close of the fiscal year
1938 (Sept. 30) the membership of the Association was 19,059, and the
memberships of the Pacific and Southwestern Divisions were 2096 and
410, respectively.

Officers of the Association for 1938

President. Wesley C. Mitchell (economics), Columbia University.

Retiring President. George D. Birkhoff (mathematics), Harvard Univer-
sity.

Permanent Secretary. F. R. Moulton, Washington, D. C.

General Secretary. Otis W. Caldwell, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant
Research.

Treasurer. John L. Wirt, Washington, D. C.

Secretary of the Council. Charles A. Shull, University of Chicago.

Executive Assistant. Sam Woodley, Washington, D. C.

Auditor. W. J. Humphreys, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C

Counsel. Charles S. Baker, Washington, D. C.

Members of the Executive Committee (page 95)

Members of the Finance Committee (page 95)

Members of the Committee on Grants (page 95 )

Members of the Council (pages 95, 92-94)

Section Officers (pages 92-94)

172 The Ottawa, Canada, Meeting

Officers of the Pacific Division

(For the fiscal year June, 1937 - June, 1938)

President. J. S. Plaskett, Victoria, B. C, Canada.

Secretary. J. Murray Luck, Stanford University, Calif.

Council Representative. Roy E. Clausen, University of California.

Officers of the Southwestern Division

(For the fiscal year April, 193/ - April, 1938)

President. Frank E. E. Germann, University of Colorado.

Secretary. Veon C. Kiech, University of New Mexico.

Council Representative. Frank E. E. Germann, University of Colorado.

The Ottawa, Canada, Meeting, June 27 to July 2, 1938

(The I02d meeting of the Association and the $th meeting in Canada)

Officers of the Local Committee

His Excellency, Lord Tweedsmuir, patron

Senator Raoul Dandurand, honorary chairman

C. Camsell, chairman

Participating Societies

Affiliated with Section on Astronomy
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (o -(- 30 papers 1 )

Affiliated with Section on Geology and Geography
Geological Society of America ( o -f- 41 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Zoological Sciences

American Association of Economic Entomologists and Entomological
Society of America and Entomological Society of Ontario in joint ses-
sions (o -f- 28 papers )

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Canadian Phytopathological Society (0 + 6 papers)
American Phytopathological Society (o -f- 26 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists (6 + 20 papers)
Botanical Society of America (o -f- 5 papers)
American Society of Plant Taxonomists (o -f- 5 papers)

1 First number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone; the
second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Ottawa, Canada, Meeting 173

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

Ecological Society of America (0 + 8 papers )
< ienetics Society of America ( 14 -(- 22 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Social and Economic Sciences

American Statistical Association (9 +3 papers)

Canadian Agricultural Economics Society (20 + 3 papers )

Affiliated with Section on Engineering
Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences (9 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture

Society of American Foresters and Association of Forest Engineers of
Quebec and Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Woodlands Sec-
tion, and Canadian Society of Forest Engineers (14 -f- 11 papers)

Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists and Canadian Society of
Animal Production and Canadian Agricultural Economics Society in
joint sessions (0 + 55 papers)

American Society of Agronomy ( 7 papers )

General Sessions

Robert C. Wallace, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. "The Chang-
ing Values of Science." (Seventh Hector Maiben lecture.) Science 88:
265-272. 1938.

Stuart A. Rice. U. S. Central Statistical Bureau, Washington. "World
Standards of Living." (First address on Science and Society program.)
Science 90: 167-172. 1939.

F. E. Lathe, Division of Research Information, National Research Coun-
cil of Canada. "World Natural Resources." (Second address on Science
and Society program.) Science 88 : 337-344. 1938.

William Crocker. Director, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Re-
search. "The Botanical Sciences and the Future." (Third address on
Science and Society program.) Science 88: 387-394. 1938.

Frank R. Lillie, The University of Chicago. "Zoological Sciences in the
Future." (Fourth address on Science and Society program.) Science 88:
65-72.

Arthur H. Compton, University of Chicago. "Physics and the Future."
(Fifth address on Science and Society program.) Science 88: 11 5- 121.

Harold C. Urey, Columbia University. "Chemistry and the Future."
(Sixth address on Science and Society program.) Science 88: 133-139.

M. W. Smith, Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. "The

174 The Ottawa, Canada, Meeting

Application of Science to the Electrical Industry." (Seventh address on
Science and Society program.)

John Johnston, Director of Research, U. S. Steel Corporation. "The
Application of Science to the Metallurgical Field." (Eighth address on
Science and Society program.) The Scientific Monthly 48: 493-503. 1939.

Symposia

"Medical Biochemistry" (6 papers). Section on Chemistry and Section
on Medical Sciences.

"The Nutrition Problem in North America" (8 papers). Section on
Chemistry.

"The Application of Isotopes to Biochemical Properties" (4 papers).
Section on Chemistry and Section on Zoological Sciences.

"Atmospheric Ozone and Measurement of Ultraviolet Light in Solar
Radiation" (4 papers). Section on Astronomy and Royal Astronomical
Society of Canada.

"The Migration and Conservation of Salmon" (6 papers). Section on
Zoological Sciences. Publication No. 8 of the Association. 1939.

"The Relation of Insects to Forest Conservation" (5 papers). American
Association of Economic Entomologists, Entomological Society of America,
Entomological Society of Ontario, Society of American Foresters, Canadian
Society of Forest Engineers and Association of Forest Engineers of Quebec.

"The Genetics of Pathogenic Organisms" (11 papers). Section on
Botanical Sciences, Section on Medical Sciences, Section on Agriculture
and Genetics Society of America. Publication No. 12 of the Association.
1940.

"Phytogeographical Problems of Northeastern Canada" (5 papers). Sec-
tion on Botanical Sciences, Botanical Society of America and American So-
ciety of Plant Taxonomists.

"Root Rots and Seed Borne Diseases" (6 papers). Canadian Phyto-
pathological Society and American Phytopathological Society.

"Micro-Elements and Deficiency Diseases" (9 papers). American Phy-
topathological Society and American Society of Plant Physiologists.

"Drought Relations" (11 papers). American Society of Plant Physiolo-
gists and Genetics Society of America.

"The Influence of Fire on Forests, Wild Life and Public Welfare" (3
papers). Ecological Society of America, Society of American Foresters
and Canadian Society of Forest Engineers.

"History of Science in Canada" (9 papers). Section on Historical and
Philological Sciences.

"Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (B.C.G.)" (5 papers). Section on Medical
Sciences.

The Virginia (Richmond) Meeting 175

"Progress of Swine Improvement in Canada" (7 papers). Canadian Ag-
ricultural Economics Society.

Announcements and Reports of Meeting

Preliminary Announcement for the Ottawa Meeting. Science 87: 445-

45i- 1938.

American and Canadian Scientists Meet in Ottawa. F. R. Moulton. The
Scientific Monthly 47: 87-89. 1938.

Permanent Secretary's general report of the meeting, including reports
of the secretaries of the sections and of the participating societies. F. R.
Moulton. Science 88: 87-101. 1938.

Report of the Ottawa Meeting. F. R. Moulton. The Scientific Monthly
47: 183-184. 1938.

The Virginia (Richmond) Meeting, Dec. 27-31, 1938
( The 103d meeting of the Association and its 1st meeting in Virginia)

Officers of Local Committee

Lloyd C. Bird, chairman ; W. Catesby Jones, co-chairman
L. W. Himmler, secretary

Participating Societies

Affiliated with Section on Mathematics

American Mathematical Society (o -f 2 papers 1 )
Mathematical Association of America (o -f- 2 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Physics
American Meterological Society (14 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Astronomy
Society for Research on Meteorites ( 14 -j- 9 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Geology and Geography

Geological Society of America (o -|- 59 papers)
American Geophysical Union (o -(- 9 papers)
Carolina Geological Society (o -j- 29 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Zoological Sciences
American Society of Zoologists (156 + 7 papers)

1 The first number is the number of papers on the program of the society alone; the second is the
number presented before a joint session of the society and another society.

176 The Virginia (Richmond) Meeting

American Association of Economic Entomologists (98 -f- 12 papers)
Entomological Society of America (33 + 6 papers)
American Society of Parasitologists (j$ papers)

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Botanical Society of America (82 + 80 papers)
American Phytopathological Society (95 + 49 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists (42 + 46 papers)
Mycological Society of America (30 -|- 16 papers)
Sullivant Moss Society 1 12 papers)
American Fern Society ( 1 paper)
American Society of Plant Taxonomists

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

American Society of Naturalists (1+3 papers )
Ecological Society of America (36 + 21 papers)
Genetics Society of America (58 + 7 papers)
American Microscopical Society
Limnological Society of America (29 + papers)
National Association of Biology Teachers (9 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Medical Sciences
American Psychiatric Association, Council

Affiliated with' Section on Agriculture

American Society of Agronomy (0 + 4 papers)
American Society for Horticultural Sciences
Potato Association of America (34 + 25 papers)
Society of American Foresters (0 + 4 papers)

Science in General

Society of the Sigma Ni

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa

American Nature Study Society (22 papers)

American Science Teachers Association (8 papers)

Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women's Fraternity

Pi Gamma Mu

Union of American Biological Societies

Catholic Round Table of Science

The Virginia (Richmond) Meeting 177

General Sessions

George D. Birkhoff, Harvard University. "Intuition, Reason and Faith
in Science." (Address of retiring president of the Association.) Science
88: 601-609. 1938.

\V. F. Durand, Stanford University. "Modern Trends in Air Trans-
port." (Seventeenth annual Sigma Xi address.) Sigma Xi Quarterly 27,
Xo. 1. 1939.

Frank Pierrepont Graves, president of the University of the State of
Xevv York. "Is Education a Science?" I Fourth annual Phi P>eta Kappa
lecture.) The American Scholar. 1939.

David SarnofT, Radio Corporation of America. "Science and Freedom."
Radio Corporation of America. 1938.

Sir Richard Gregory, editor of Xature. London, England. "Religion in
Science." The Scientific Monthly 48: 99-108. 1939.

C. McFie Campbell, Director, Boston Psychopathic Hospital. "Human
Xeeds and Social Resources." The Scientific Monthly 48: 293-307. 1939.
Publication No. 9 of the Association (Mental Health), pp. 457-470. 1939.

Harvey Fletcher, Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York. "Auditory
Patterns." (Address of retiring vice president for the Section on Physics.)

Special Sessions

Cranston Williams, Southern Xevvspaper Publishers Association. "Dr.
Charles Herty's Methods for Meeting the Problems of the South."

Win. T. Sanger, president of the Medical College of Virginia. "Virginia
Homes and Gardens." (Illustrated by colored slides.)

Wm. M. Mann, director of the Xational Zoological Park, Washington,
D. C. "Motion Pictures of Wild Animals in Sumatra."

Addresses oe Vice Presidents

Section on Mathematics. W. D. Cairns, Oberlin College. "Seismology
from a Mathematical Viewpoint." Science 89: 113-118. 1939.

Section on Physics. Harvey B. Fletcher, Bell Telephone Laboratories.
"Auditory Patterns." (With demonstrations.)

Section on Chemistry. Farrington Daniels, University of Wisconsin.
"Reaction Rates."

Section on Astronomy. Philip Fox, Museum of Science and Industry,
Chicago. "Astronomers and Their Tools."

Section on Geology and Geography. Kirtley F. Mather, Harvard Uni-
versity. "Earth Structure and Earth Origin." Science 89 : 65-70. 1939.

Section on Zoological Sciences. F. B. Sumner, Scripps Institute of
Oceanography. "Human Psychology and Some Things That Fishes Do."
The Scientific Monthly 49: 245-255. 1939.

178 The Virginia (Richmond) Meeting

Section on Botanical Sciences. F. E. Denny, Boyce Thompson Institute
for Plant Research. "Production of Ethylene by Plants."

Section on Anthropology. John Swanton, U. S. Bureau of American
Ethnology. "Some Thoughts on the Problem of Progress and Decline."
Science 89: 253-258. 1939.

Section on Psychology. Calvin P. Stone, Stanford University. "Indi-
vidual Differences as Points of Departure for Research in Animal Psy-
chology."

Section on Historical and Philological Sciences. R. C. Archibald, Brown
University. "Mathematics, and Poetry and Drama." Science 89: 19-26,
46-50. 1939.

Section on Social and Economic Sciences. Stuart A. Rice. "Standards
of Living as Functions of Science and of Social Organization." Science 90:
167-172. 1939.

Section on Engineering. Joseph W. Barker, Columbia University. "En-
gineering Planning vs. Planned Economy."

Section on Medical Sciences. Thomas M. Rivers, Rockefeller Institute
for Medical Research, New York. "The Nature of Viruses."

Section on Agriculture. E. C. Auchter, U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry,
Washington, D. C. 'The Inter-relations of Soils and Plant, Animal and
Human Nutrition." Science 89: 421-427. 1939.

Section on Education. Ralph W. Tyler, The University of Chicago.
Basic Considerations in the Improvement of Educational Tests."

"r>

Symposia

"Reaction Rates in Organic Chemistry" (5 papers). Section on Chemis-
try.

"Natural Resins" (4 papers). Section on Chemistry.

"Phenanthrene and Related Compounds" (6 papers). Section on Chem-
istry.

"The Importance of Geophysics to the Study of Continental Borders"
(9 papers). Section on Geology and Geography, American Geophysical
Union, Geological Society of America and Section on Astronomy.

"Geology of the Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf" (12 papers). Sec-
tion on Geology and Geography and Geological Society of America.

"Chromosome Structure" (4 papers). American Society of Zoologists
and Genetics Society of America.

"Color Changes in Animals, Their Significance and Activation" (6 pa-
pers). American Society of Zoologists.

"Mating Types and Their Interactions in Ciliate Infusoria; Determina-
tion, Inheritance and Relation to .Sexuality" (6 papers). American Society
of Zoologists.

The Virginia (Richmond) Meeting 179

"Insect Populations*' (5 papers). American Association of Economic
Entomologists, Entomological Society of America and Ecological Society
of America.

"The Effects of Water-Soluble * Irowth- Promoting Substances on Plants"
(3 papers). Botanical Society of America.

"Influence of Low Temperature on Plants" (5 papers). Botanical So-
ciety of America.

"The Structure of Chloroplasts" (3 papers). Botanical Society of
America.

"The Physiology and Diseases of Cotton'' (9 papers). American Society
of Plant Physiologists, American Phytopathological Society and Botanical
Society of America, Physiological Section.

"The Teaching of Plant Physiology" (5 papers). American Society of
Plant Physiologists.

"Contributions of the Higher Animals to an Understanding of Human
Biology" (3 papers). American Society of Naturalists, American Society
of Zoologists, Botanical Society of America, Genetics Society of America
and Section on Anthropology.

"Some Leading Problems of Limnology with Special Reference to Lakes"
(9 papers). Limnological Society of America. Publication No. 10 of the
Association entitled "Problems of Lake Biology." 1939.

"Research in Audition: The Next Steps" (5 papers). Section on Psy-
chology.

"Significance of the Pareto Distribution" (3 papers). Section on Social
and Economic Sciences.

"Centenary of the Cell Theory" (7 papers). Section on Historical and
Philological Sciences, Section on Zoological Sciences and Section on Botan-
ical Sciences. Reprinted from the American Naturalist by the Jaques Cattell
Press. 1940.

"Mental Health" (94 papers). Section on Medical Sciences. Publication
Xo. 9 of the Association. 1939.

"Dental Caries : Diet and Nutrition ; Bacterial ; Heredity ; Distribution ;
Chemical; Tooth Structure; Blood and Saliva" (22 papers). Subsection
on Dentistry.

"Glycols" (5 papers). Subsection on Pharmacy.

"Land Use" (3 papers). Section on Agriculture and Section on Social
and Economic Sciences.

"Economic Effects on Education" (4 papers). Section on Education.

"Problems of Interpretation of Educational Research" (7 papers). Sec-
tion on Education.

"Problems in Reading" (4 papers). Section on Education.

"New Developments in Education" (5 papers). Section on Education.

"Ferns of Virginia and Neighboring States." American Fern Society.

r8o The San Diego, Calif., Meeting

Announcements and Reports of Meeting

Preliminary Announcement of the Virginia meeting. F. R. Moulton.
Science 88: 509-517. 1938.

The Virginia (Richmond) meeting of the Association. F. R. Moulton.
The Scientific Monthly 47 : 561-563. 1938.

Permanent Secretary's general report, including reports of the secretaries
of the sections and of the participating societies. Science 89: 89-112. 1939.

Miscellaneous Articles, Notes and Reports

A Special Research Conference on Chemistry organized by the Section
on Chemistry. F. R. Moulton. Science 88 : 8-9. 1938.

Cooperation Between the British and American Associations. F. R.
Moulton. Science 88 : 258-259. 1938.

The Scientific Monthly and the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science. J. McKeen Cattell. Science 88 : 428-429. 1938.

Symposium on Mental Health. Malcolm H. Soule. Science 88: 302-305.

The Cell and the Problem of Organization. Edmund W. Sinnott. Science
89: 41-46. 1939.

Walter B. Cannon, President-Elect of the Association. Esmond R. Long.
Science 89: 92-93. 1939.

Financial Reports of the Treasurer and the Permanent Secretary. F. R.
Moulton. Science 89: 201-202. 1939.

Grants in Aid of Research for 1939. Science 89: 405. 1939.

The San Diego, Calif., Meeting, June 20-25, 1938

(The 22d annual meeting oj the Pacific Division)

Local Organizations Sponsoring the Meeting

San Diego Society of Natural History
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
San Diego Museum Association
Zoological Society of San Diego
San Diego State College
San Diego County Medical College

Pa rt 1 C II' at 1 n g So c 1 et 1 ES

American Association of Physics Teachers (5 papers)
American Meteorological Society (12 papers)
American Physical Society (9 papers)
American Chemical Society (42 papers)
Astronomical Society of the Pacific (31 papers)

The Sax Diego, Calif., Meeting t8]

Association of Pacific Coast Geographers ( 14 papers )

( )ceanographic Society of the Pacific (8 papers)

American Association of Economic Entomologists, Pacific Slope Branch
( 15 papers)

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Western Division

Pacific Coast Entomological Society

Western Society of Naturalists (9 papers)

American Phytopathological Society, Pacific Division (24 papers)

American Society of Plant Physiologists, Western Section (35 papers )

Botanical Society of America, Pacific Section (25 papers)

Ecological Society of America ( 14 papers )

American Anthropological Association, Pacific Division ( 17 papers)

Society of American P>acteriologists, Southern California Section
( 10 papers)

Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Pacific Coast Branch
and Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Southern Cali-
fornia Branch (8 papers)

Western Society of Soil Science (20 papers)

General Sessions

J. S. Plaskett, Director, Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria.
B. C. "Modern Conceptions of the Stellar System." (Address of retiring
president of the Pacific Division.)

B. O. Raulston, University of California, Los Angeles ; A. J. Carlson,
University of Chicago ; and Harry Beal Torrey, Stanford" University, were
the speakers on a general session symposium on "Animal Experimentation."
Science 88 : 245-250. 1938.

John B. Leighly, University of California, Berkeley ; Ernst Antevs, Globe,
Arizona, Merrill K. Bennett, Stanford University, and C. M. Reynolds,
Stanford University, were the participants in a general session symposium
on "Climate and Man."

C. Skottsberg, Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden. "The Distribu-
tion of Flowering Plants Over the Pacific Ocean and Its Significance."

Special Reports on Scientific Progress

J. A. Anderson, Mount Wilson Observatory. "Recent Instrumental De-
velopments in Astronomy."

H. U. Sverdrup, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. "Recent Advances
in Our Knowledge of the Oceans."

C. H. Danforth, Stanford University. "The Sex Hormones."

Richard Goldschmidt, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. "Ge-
netics."

182 The Albuquerque, New Mexico, Meeting

Symposia

"Nuclear Transformations and Their Astrophysical Significance" (3
papers). American Physical Society and Astronomical Society of the Pa-
cific.

"Physical Problems of the Ocean" (6 papers). American Physical So-
ciety.

"Salt Tolerance of Plants and Related Problems" (4 papers). American
Society of Plant Physiologists, Western Section, and Western Society of
Soil Science.

"Plant Invasion on the Pacific Coast" (4 papers). American Society of
Plant Physiologists, Western Section, and Botanical Society of America,
Pacific Section.

"Cell Wall Structure" (5 papers). American Society of Plant Physiolo-
gists, Western Section, and Botanical Society of America, Pacific Section.

"A Resume of Progress in Plant Science" (4 papers). American Society
of Plant Physiologists, Western Section, and Botanical Society of America,
Pacific Section.

"History and Relationships of the Southwestern Flora" (3 papers).
Botanical Society of America, Pacific Section.

"The Problem of Culture Sequence on the West Coast" (5 papers).
American Anthropological Association, Pacific Division.

Preliminary Announcement and Report of Meeting

Preliminary Announcement of the San Diego meeting of the Pacific Di-
vision. Science 87: 317-318. 1938.

Secretary's general report of the meeting. J. Murray Luck. Science 88 :
195-204. 1938.

The Albuquerque, New Mexico, Meeting,
April 25-28, 1938

(The 18th meeting of the Southwestern Division and its 2d meeting

in Albuquerque)

Participating Societies
Mathematical Association of America, Southwestern Section
Society of American Foresters, Southwestern Section
American Association of University Professors, Rocky Mountain Region
American Society of Civil Engineers, New Mexico Section

General Sessions

Frank E. E. Germann, University of Colorado. "The Occurrence of
Carbon Dioxide with Notes on the Origin and Relative Importance of Sub-

The Albuquerquk, New Mexico, Meeting 183

terranean Carbon Dioxide." (Address of retiring president.) Science 87:
513-521. 1938.

E. R. Hedrick, Provost of University of California, Los Angeles. "Re-
lations of Science to Economics and to War." (Ninth John Wesley Powell
lecture.)

Herbert C. Stewart, Head of Section of Erosion Control Practices, Rio
Grande District, Soil Conservation Service, and Thomas Maddock, Section
of Watershed and Hydrologic Studies, Soil Conservation Service, were the
speakers at a general-session symposium on "The Results of Soil Conserva-
tion," at which John D. Clark presided.

E. R. Hedrick, Provost of University of California, Los Angeles, and
Harold Benjamin, Dean of College of Education, University of Colorado,
delivered addresses at a dinner of the American Association of University
Professors, the former on "Place and Function of Faculties in University
Government" and the latter on "University Administration in the Amer-

* 99

icas.

Symposia

"Social Diseases" (4 papers). Biological Sciences Section.

"Meteorology" (4 papers). Physical Sciences Section.

"Teaching Problems in Mathematics" (5 papers). Mathematics Section.

Preliminary Announcement and Report of Meeting

Preliminary Announcement of the Albuquerque Meeting of the South-
western Division. Veon C. Kiech. Science 87: 134. 1938.

Secretary's general report of the meeting. Veon C. Kiech. Science 87 :
508-510. 1938.

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS

For the Calendar Year 1939

Volume LXll

Summarized Proceedings for 1939 187

SUMMARIZED PROCEEDINGS FOR 1939

The Association held two meetings in the calendar year 1939, a summer
meeting at Milwaukee, Wis., June 19-24, and the annual meeting at Colum-
bus, Ohio, Dec. 27, 1939 -Jan. 2, 1940. The only previous meeting held in
Wisconsin was at Madison in August, 1893. The Association first met in
Columbus in August, 1899, and held a second meeting there in Dec, 191 5-
Jan., 1916. The Pacific Division held its annual meeting at Stanford Uni-
versity, June 26 - July 1, 1939. The Southwestern Division held its annual
meeting in connection with the dedication of the McDonald Observatory at
Alpine, Texas, May 2-5, 1939.

At the Milwaukee meeting the registration was 331 and there were 264
papers listed on the programs. At the annual meeting in Columbus 2715
persons were registered and 2154 addresses and papers were delivered or
read. At the Pacific Division meeting at Stanford University the registra-
tion was 882, with 440 papers on the program. The registration was not
reported for the meeting of the Southwestern Division at Alpine ; there were
112 papers on the program.

Officers of the Association for 1939

President. Walter B. Cannon, Harvard University.

Retiring President. Wesley C. Mitchell, Columbia University.

Permanent Secretary. F. R. Moulton, Washington, D. C.

General Secretary. Otis W. Caldwell, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant

Research.
Treasurer. John L. Wirt, Washington, D. C.
Assistant Secretary. Sam Woodley, Washington, D. C.
Auditor. W. J. Humphreys, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C.
Counsel. Charles S. Baker, Washington, D. C.
Members oj the Executive Committee (page 95 )
Members oj the Finance Committee (page 95)
Members oj the Committee on Grants (page 95)
Members oj the Council (pages 95, 92-94)
Section Officers (pages 92-94)

Officers of the Pacific Division
(For the fiscal year June, 1938 - June, 1939)

President. S. J. Holmes, University of California.
Secretary. J. Murray Luck, Stanford University.
Council Representative. Roy E. Clausen, University of California.

i88 The Milwaukee Meeting

Officers of the Southwestern Division
(For the fiscal year April, 193S - April, 1939)

/'resident. E. F. Carpenter, University of Arizona.

Secretary. Emil Haury, University of Arizona.

Council Representative. Frank R. E. Germann, University of Colorado.

Tin-: Milwaukee Meeting, Jink 19-^4, 1939
( The 104th meeting of the Association )

Officers of the Local Committee

S. A. Barrett, general chairman

Governor Julius P. Heil, honorary co-chairman

Mayor Daniel W. Hoan, honorary co-chairman

Dr. Clarence Dykstra, honorary co-chairman

Rev. R. C. McCarthy, S. J., honorary co-chairman

Participating Societies

Affiliated with Section on Physics
American Meteorological Society ( 22 papers )

Affiliated zvith Section on Botanical Sciences
American Society of Plant Physiologists ( 3 -f- 3 papers' )
American Phytopathological Society (o -)- 3 papers)

Affiliated zvith Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences
Ecological Society of America (4-4-12 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Social and Economic Sciences
Population Association of America (o -\- 20 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Engineering
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (o + 14 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Medical Sciences
American Neisserian Medical Society (o -)- 33 papers)

Affiliated zvith Section on Agriculture
Society of American Foresters ( 17 -)- 4 papers)

( General Sessions
Victor G, Heiser, Metropolitan Tower, New York. "The Influence of

1 First number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone; the
second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

The Milwaukee Meeting 189

Nutrition on the Diseases of Middle and Old Age." The Scientific Monthly
49: 304-3IO. 1939.

Heber D. Curtis, University of Michigan. "Solar Storms." (Illustrated
with motion pictures taken at the McMath-Hulbert Observatory of the
University of Michigan.)

Special Sessions

The third conference on "Science and Society" consisted of four Special
Sessions at each of which two papers were presented. They were as follows :

George W. Edwards, College of the City of Xew York. '"The Capitalistic-
System and How It Evolved."

Rufus S. Tucker, General Motors Corporation. "Free Enterprise and
Scientific Development."

Charles F. Roos, Institute of Applied Econometrics. "The Application
of Natural Science Methodology to Economic Studies."

Harold G. Moulton, The Brookings Institution. "Economics and Its
Dynamic Aspects."

Leverett S. Lyon, The Brookings Institution. "The Role of Government
in the Economic System."

James W. Bell, Northwestern University. "Government Finance and
Economic Stability."

Charles H. Judd, National Resources Committee. "Present Relations of
Government to Science."

William F. Ogburn, University of Chicago. "Should the Government
Finance Non-governmental Research Activities ?"

Symposia

"Kinetics of Homogeneous Gas Reactions" ( 19 papers). The Section
on Chemistry and American Chemical Society, Division of Physical and In-
organic Chemistry. (Presented at the University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wis., June 20-22.)

"Soil Conservation and Land Utilization in the Great Lakes Region" ( 14
papers). The Section on Geology and Geography, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, the Section on Engineering, Association of Ameri-
can Geographers and Geological Society of America.

"The Relation of Genetics to Geographical Distribution and Speciation"
( 5 papers ) . Section on Zoological Sciences.

"Regeneration" ( 5 papers). Section on Zoological Sciences.

"Socio-Economic Approach to Land Use" (4 papers). Section on Bo-
tanical Sciences, Ecological Society of America, Society of American For-
esters and Section on Agriculture.

"Photoperiodism" (3 papers). American Society of Plant Physiologists,

190 The Milwaukee Meeting

Section on Botanical Sciences and American Phytopathological Society.

"Measuring Attitudes." Section on Psychology.

"Psychological Bases of Mental Hygiene." Section on Psychology.

"Neuromuscular Tension." Section on Psychology.

"Population Problems and Programs in the Northern Lake States" (17
papers). The Section on Social and Economic Sciences, Population Asso-
ciation of America, Ecological Society of America and Section on Agricul-
ture.

"Gonococcus and Gonococcal Infection" (33 papers). The Section on
Medical Sciences and the American Neisserian Medical Society. Publica-
tion No. 1 1 of the Association. 1939.

"Vitamins with Particular Reference to Their Standardization" (6
papers ) . Subsection on Pharmacy.

"Forest Rehabilitation in the Lake States" (8 papers). Society of Amer-
ican Foresters.

"The Education of the Emotions" (17 papers). The Section on Educa-
tion.

Announcements and Reports of Meeting

Preliminary Announcement of the Milwaukee Meeting. F. R. Moulton.
Science 89 : 469-474. 1939.

"Milwaukee a Mecca for Scientists in June." F. R. Moulton. The Scien-
tific Monthly 48: 575-576. 1939.

Permanent Secretary's general report of the meeting, including reports
of the secretaries of the sections and of the participating societies. F. R.
Moulton. Science 90: 45-55. 1939.

"Reflections on the Milwaukee Meeting." F. R. Moulton. The Scien-
tific Monthly 49: 86-88. 1939.

Miscellaneous Articles, Notes and Reports

"The American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Na-
tional Education Association." Science 89: 147. 1939.

Financial reports of the Treasurer and the Permanent Secretary for the
fiscal year ended September 30, 1938. Science 89 : 201-202. 1939.

'The Society of the Sigma Xi." Edward Ellery. Science 89: 201. 1939.

Joint Symposium of the American Chemical Society, the University of
Wisconsin and the A.A.A.S. Harold C. Urey. Science 89 : 463-464. 1939.

"Science and Social Pioneering." Isaiah Bowman, president of The Johns
Hopkins University. (The first British and American Association exchange
lecture. The Dundee, Scotland, meeting of the British Association, Sep-
tember, 1939.) Science 90: 309-319. 1939.

The Columbus, Ohio, Meeting 191

The Columbus, Ohio, Meeting, Dec. 27, 1939- Jan. 2, 1940

( The 105th meeting of the Association and its 3d meeting at Columbus)

Officers of the Local Committee

Alpheus W. Smith, chairman

Howard L. Hamilton, executive secretary

Participating Societies

Affiliated with Section on Mathematics

American Mathematical Society (64 -j- 4 papers 1 )
Mathematical Association of America (6 -f- 6 papers)
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics ( 16 -f- 5 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Physics

American Physical Society (75 -(- 2 papers)

American Association of Physics Teachers (25 -f- 2 papers)

American Meteorological Society (9 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Astronomy

American Astronomical Society (39 + ll papers)
Society for Research on Meteorites (9 -)- 14 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Geology and Geography

Geological Society of America (o -f- 55 papers)

Ohio Academy of Science, Section of Geology (0+31 papers)

American Geophysical Union (o-f-6 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Zoological Sciences

American Society of Zoologists ( 187 + 8 papers)

American Association of Economic Entomologists ( 105 -f- 9 papers)

Entomological Society of America (49 -f- 15 papers)

American Society of Parasitologists (84 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Botanical Sciences

Section on Botanical Sciences
Botanical Society of America ( 1 1 1 + 55 papers)
American Phytopathological Society (101 -f- 53 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists (37 + 16 papers)
Mycological Society of America (22 -j- 17 papers)
Sullivant Moss Society (14 papers)
American Fern Society (2 -f- 4 papers)
American Society of Plant Taxonomists

1 First number is the number of papers presented at sessions at which the society met alone; the
second is the number presented at one or more joint sessions of the society.

ic)2 The Columbus, Ohio, Meeting

Affiliated with Sections on Zoological and Botanical Sciences

American Society of Naturalists ( i + 3 papers)

Ecological Society of America (43 -f- 29 papers)

Genetics Society of America ( 58 -f- X papers )

American Microscopical Society

Limnological Society of America (32 -f- 8 papers )

Phi Sigma Society (24 papers)

National Association of Biology Teachers ( 12 papers)

Union of American Biological Societies

Affiliated with Section on Social and Economic Sciences
Metric Association (7 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Historical and Philological Sciences
History of Science Society ( 5 + 1 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Agriculture
Society of American Foresters (15 -f- 14 papers)
American Society for Horticultural Sciences ( 178 -f- ,V papers)
Potato Association of America (18 -\- 22 papers)

Affiliated with Section on Education
American Federation of Teachers

Science in General

Society of the Sigma Xi

United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa

American Nature Study Society (22 papers)

American Science Teachers Association (8 papers)

Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi ( 1 paper)

Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity

Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women's Fraternity ( 1 paper)

Pi Gamma Mu, National Social Science Honor Society (2 papers)

American Association of Scientific Workers (3 papers)

The Catholic Round Tahle of Science

General Sessions

Wesley C. Mitchell, Columbia University. "'The Public Relations of
Science." (Address of retiring president of the Association.) Science 90:
599-607. 1939.

Isaiah Bowman, president of the Johns Hopkins University. "Who Is
Responsible for Peace?" (Address under auspices of Honor Society of
Phi Kappa Phi.)

The Columbus, Ohio, Meeting i<)3

Kirtley F. Mather, Harvard University. "The Future of Man as an In-
habitant of the Earth." (Eighteenth annual Sigma Xi lecture.) Sigma Xi
Quarterly 28, X<>. 1. 1940; The Scientific Monthly 50: 193-203. 1940.

Julian Huxley, London, England. "'Science. War and Reconstruction."
( Second British and American Association exchange lecture.) Science 91 :
151-158. 1940.

Marjorie Hope Nicolson, Smith College. "Science and Literature." (Fifth
annua! Phi Beta Kappa lecture. )

Addresses of Vice Presidents

Section on Mathematics. J. R. Kline, University of Pennsylvania. "The
Jordan Curve Theorem."

Section on Physics. Herbert E. Ives, Bell Telephone Laboratories. "The
Measurement of Velocity with Atomic Clocks." Science 91 : 79-84. 1940.

Section on Chemistry. Harold C. Urey, Columbia University. "The De-
pendence of Physical and Chemical Properties on Mass, and the Separation
of Isotopes."

Section on Astronomy. R. Meldrum Stewart. Dominion Observatory,
Ottawa, Canada. "Some Remarks on Gravity Clock Escapements."

Section on Geology and Geography. Walter H. Bucher. University of
Cincinnati. "Problems of the Atlantic Ocean."

Section on Zoological Sciences. Wesley R. Coe, Yale University. ''Di-
vergent Pathways in Sexual Development." Science 91 : 175-182. 1940.

Section on Botanical Sciences. Raymond J. Pool, University of Ne-
braska. "White Man Versus the Prairie." Science 91 : 53-58. 1940.

Section on Anthropology. Diamond Jenness, National Museum of Can-
ada, Ottawa, Canada. "Canada's Indian Problems."

Section on Psychology. J. F. Dashiell, University of North Carolina. "A
Xeglected Fourth Dimension to Psychological Research."

Section on Historical and Philological Sciences. Nelson Glenn McCrea,
Columbia University. "Literature as an Ally of the Social Sciences."

Section on Engineering. A. A. Potter, Purdue University. "Research
and Invention in Engineering Colleges." Science 91 : 1-7. 1940.

Section on Medical Sciences. C. J. Wiggers, Western Reserve University
School of Medicine. "Pathways of Medical Progress." Science 91: 25-31.
1940. Publication No. [3 ( Blood, Heart and Circulation) of the Associa-
tion, pp. 1-9. 1940.

Section on Agriculture. Robert M. Salter, Ohio Agricultural Experiment
Station, Wooster, Ohio. "Some Soil Factors Affecting Tree Growth."
Science 91 : 391-398. 1940.

Section on Education. George D. Stoddard. University of Iowa. "Re-
flections upon the I. Q."

194 The Columbus, Ohio, Meeting

Symposia

"Relational Thinking in Secondary Mathematics" (12 papers). National
Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

"Isotopes" (13 papers). Section on Chemistry.

"Photosynthesis" (14 papers at regular sessions and a round-table discus-
sion after dinner). Section on Chemistry.

"Glacial and Geomorphic Development of the Ohio Basin" (12 papers).
Section on Geology and Geography, Geological Society of America and
Ohio Academy of Science (Section on Geology).

"Industrial Minerals" (9 papers). Section on Geology and Geography
and Geological Society of America.

"Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Ohio Basin" (13 papers). Section on
Geology and Geography, Geological Society of America and Ohio Academy
of Science (Section on Geology).

"Meteorite Falls and Meteorite Accretion" (5 papers). Section on Ge-
ology and Society for Research on Meteorites.

"Applications of Mathematics to the Earth Sciences" (5 papers). Sec-
tion on Geology and Geography, Section on Mathematics, American Mathe-
matical Society, Mathematical Association of America and Geological
Society of America.

"Hydrologic Problems in the Ohio and Michigan Basins" (6 papers).
Section on Geology and Geography, Geological Society of America (Sec-
tion on Hydrology), American Geophysical Union and Ohio Academy of
Sciences (Section on Geology).

"Speciation" (5 papers). American Society of Zoologists and Genetics
Society of America.

"Experimental Study of Cellular Organization" (5 papers). American
Society of Zoologists.

"Fifty Years of Entomological Progress" (5 papers). American Asso-
ciation of Economic Entomologists and Entomological Society of America.

"Viruses and Plant Quarantines" (4 papers). American Association of
Economic Entomologists and American Phytopathological Society.

"Training for the Various Fields of Entomology" (5 papers). American
Association of Economic Entomologists.

"Physiological Processes of Plants in Relation to Temperature" (5
papers). Botanical Society of America (Physiological Section), American
Society for Horticultural Science and American Society of Plant Physiolo-
gists.

"Defense Mechanisms in Plants and Animals" (3 papers). Botanical
Society of America, American Society of Naturalists, American Society of
Zoologists, Genetics Society of America and Section on Medical Sciences.

The Columbus, Ohio, Meeting 195

"The Teaching of Plant Physiology" (3 papers). American Society for
Plant Physiology.

"Relation of Ecology to Human Welfare — The Human Situation" (5
papers). Ecological Society of America.

"The Internal Environment and Behavior." Section on Psychology.

"Effects of Science upon Human Beings" (4 papers). Fourth Science
and Society Conferences of Section on Social and Economic Sciences.

"Blood, Heart and Circulation" (39 papers). Section on Medical
Sciences. Publication No. 13 of the Association. 1940.

"Definite Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease" (9 papers). Sub-
section on Dentistry.

Preliminary Announcements and Reports

Preliminary Announcement of the Columbus Meeting. F. R. Moulton.
Science 90: 499-507. 1939.

"Scientists Assemble at Richmond." F. R. Moulton. The Scientific

Monthly 49: 573S7^ J 939-

Permanent Secretary's general report, including reports of secretaries of
sections and participating societies. F. R. Moulton. Science 91 : 101-124.
1940.

"American Association in Action." F. R. Moulton. The Scientific
Monthly 50: 85-91. 1940.

Miscellaneous Articles, Notes and Reports

"Constitutional Barriers to Involvement of the Nervous System by Cer-
tain Viruses." Albert B. Sabin. (Address upon receipt of the Theobald
Smith Award of the Association.) Science 91 : 84-87. 1940.

"The Nation and Petroleum Geology Today." Hugh D. Miser. Science
91: 251-255. 1940.

Report of Committee on Grants for 1940. Science 91 : 124. 1940.

Financial Reports of Treasurer and Permanent Secretary for the fiscal
year ended September 30, 1939. F. R. Moulton. Science 91 : 195-196. 1940.

Membership of the Association. F. R. Moulton. Science 91 : 219-220.
1940.

Newly Elected President of the American Association ( Albert F. Blakes-
lee). Burton E. Livingston. The Scientific Monthly L: 182-185. 1940.

Award of the American Association Prize. (I. I. Rabi, recipient.) Karl
K. Darrow. The Scientific Monthly L: 185-187. 1940.

The Scientific Exhibition in Columbus. Owen Cattell. The Scientific
Monthly L: 189-191. 1940.

The Washington Dinner in Honor of Julian S. Huxley. (Dinner spon-

196 The Stanford University Meeting

sored by the Association, the Smithsonian Institution and The Scientific
Monthly.) The Scientific Monthly 50 : 191-192. 1940.

"Symposium on Blood, Heart and Circulation." Malcolm H. Soule. The
Scientific Monthly 50: 187-189. 1940.

The Stanford University Meeting, June 26 - July i, 1939
( The 23d annual meeting of the Pacific Division)

Pa rt 1 c r pat j x g Soci et i es

American Association of Physics Teachers ( 4 invited papers)

American Meteorological Society (30 papers)

American Physical Society (13 papers)

American Chemical Society, Pacific Intersectional Division ( 32 papers)

Astronomical Society of the Pacific (25 papers)

Association of Pacific Coast Geographers ( 15 papers)

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Western Division

( 1 5 papers )
The Western Society of Naturalists ( 10 papers)
American Association of Economic Entomologists, Pacific Slope Branch

(59 papers)
Ecological Society of America, Western Section ( 12 papers)
Pacific Coast Entomological Society (all joint sessions)
American Phytopathological Society, Pacific Division (28 papers)
American Society of Plant Physiologists, Western Section (28 papers)
Botanical Society of America, Pacific Section (45 papers)
Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Pacific Coast Branch

and Southern California Branch ( 17 papers)
American Society for Horticultural Science, Western Section

(24 papers)
Western Society of Soil Science (33 papers)

General Sessions

S. J. Holmes, University of California, Berkeley. "Darwinian Ethics and
Its Practical Applications." ( Address of retiring president of the Division. )
Science 90: 117-123. 1940.

V. Gordon Childe, University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, Scotland. "The
Neolithic Economy in Northwestern Europe."

1.1). Bernal, University of London, London, England. "The Structure
of Protein Molecules."

Thk Stanford University Meeting 197

Special Reports on Scientific Progress

J. \Y. McBain, Stanford University. "Recent Advances in Colloid Chem-
istry."

A. R. Davis, University of California, Berkeley. "Mineral Metabolism in
Plants."

Henry Borsook, California Institute of Technology. "Biological Oxida-
tions and Reductions."

J. W. Macfarlane, University of California, Berkeley. "Research on Per-
sonality Development."

Symposium on "Radiation and Life"

W. V. Houston, California Institute of Technology. "Radiation."

John H. Lawrence, University of California, Berkeley. "Radioactive
Elements as Tracers in Metabolic Studies."

M. Delbruck, California Institute of Technology. "Radiation and the
Hereditary Mechanism."

Robert R. Newell, Stanford University Hospitals, San Francisco, Calif.
"Medical Applications."

Symposia

"Some Xew Ultra-High-Frequency Radio Apparatus ( 4 papers with
demonstrations). American Physical Society.

"Methods and Results of X-ray Structure Determination" (5 papers).
American Physical Society.

"Dams and the Problem of Migratory Fishes" (5 papers). American
Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Western Division, and The
Western Society of Naturalists.

"Recent Contributions of Botany and Ecology to Society" (4 papers).
Ecological Society of America, Western Section, and Botanical Society of
America, Pacific Section.

"Availability of Nutrients in Soils to Plants" (6 papers). American So-
ciety of Plant Physiologists, Western Section, and Western Society of Soil
Science.

"Translocation of Solutes in Plants" ((> papers). American Society of
Plant Physiologists. Western Section, and Botanical Society of America,
Pacific Section.

"Growth" (8 papers). American Society of Plant Physiologists, Western
Division.

"Native Plants of Western North America Offering Exceptional Mate-
rial for Botanical Research" ( 5 papers). Botanical Society of America, Pa-
cific Section.

198 The Alpine, Texas, Meeting

"The Cell and Protoplasm" (17 papers). This symposium in commem-
oration of the centenary of the Cell Theory, held at Stanford University,
July 1-5, was participated in by J. D. Bernal, of England, Szent-Gyorgyi, of
Hungary, and Hugo Theorell, of Sweden. Publication No. 14 of the Asso-
ciation. 1940.

"National Colloid Symposium." The Colloid Symposium Committee of
the Division of Colloid Chemistry, American Chemical Society and the
Committee on Colloid Science, National Research Council. This symposium,
the sixteenth national colloid symposium, was held at Stanford University,
July 6-8.

Preliminary Announcement and Report

Preliminary Announcement of the Stanford meeting, J. Murray Luck.
Science 89 1504. 1939.

Secretary's general report of the Stanford meeting, including reports of
the secretaries of the participating societies. J. Murray Luck. Science 90:
123-131. 1939.

The Alpine, Texas, Meeting of the Southwestern
Division, May 2-5, 1939

( The igth meeting of the Southwestern Division)
Victor J. Smith, Chairman of General Committee

Participating Societies

Mathematical Association of America, Southwestern Section

Society of American Foresters, Southwestern Section

Texas Archaeological and Paleontological Society

West Texas Museum Association

Panhandle Plains Historical Society

Southwest Texas Archaeological Society

Clearing House for Southwestern Museums

Texas Folk Lore Society

Texas Academy of Science

West Texas Historical and Scientific Society

Central Texas Archaeological Society

Texas Nature Federation

West Texas Chamber of Commerce Resource and Museum Institute

Sociedad Chihuahuense de Estudios Historicos

The Alpine, Texas, Meeting i99

General Sessions

E. F. Carpenter, University of Arizona. "The Revolt Against Thought."
(Address of retiring president of Southwestern Division.)

A. H. Compton, University of Chicago. "Physics Views the Future."
(Tenth John Wesley Powell lecture.)

Dedication of the McDonald Observatory, Mt. Locke: "Tender of Com-
pleted Observatory," P. E. Bliss, Warner & Swasey Company; "Accept-
ance of Completed Observatory," Otto Struve, the Yerkes Observatory;
"The Cooperative Enterprise," Robert Maynard Hutchins, president of
The University of Chicago; "Acceptance for the University of Texas,"
member of Board of Regents; "Some Features of the New Mirror," J. S.
Plaskett, Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Ottawa, Canada; 'The
First of the Sciences," Arthur H. Compton, The University of Chicago;
and "Dedication of the Observatory," J. W. Calhoun, president of the Uni-
versity of Texas.

Section Programs

Biological Sciences Section (15 papers). W. H. Bell, chairman.

Mathematics Section (13 papers). R. S. Underwood, chairman. Pro-
gram of the Section included a symposium on "Topology" (2 papers).

Physical Science Section (23 papers). E. J. Workman, chairman.

Social Science Section (27 papers). Victor J. Smith, chairman. Pro-
gram of the Section included a symposium on "Methods of Cultural Classi-
fication and Description: Conference on Texas Archaeological Methods"
(10 papers).

Program in Connection with the Dedication of the McDonald Observa-
tory (27 addresses and papers). The program included a symposium on
"Galactic Structure" (2 papers) and a symposium on "Galactic and Ex-
tragalactic Structure" (2 papers).

Texas Junior Academy of Sciences presented a program of 9 reports of
projects and activities.

Preliminary Announcement and Report of Meeting

Preliminary Report of the Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Division.
Veon C. Kiech. Science 89:73. 1939.

Secretary's general report of the Alpine, Texas, meeting of the South-
western Division. Veon C. Kiech. Science 90 : 38. 1939.

200 Special Research Conferences

SPECIAL RESEARCH CONFERENCES UNDER THE
AUSPICES OF THE SECTION ON CHEMISTRY

Each of these special conferences consisted of two sessions each day for a
period of five days. Usually only one paper was presented at each session,
the remainder of the time being reserved for discussions. The conferences
during each five-day period were devoted to an important limited field of
chemistry and were participated in only by specialists in the field.

First Research Conferences ox Chemistry

(Gibson Island, Maryland, August 15-16, WjS)

These two conferences were organized by Neil E. Cordon, Secretary of
the Section on Chemistry. The subject of the first one was, "Relation of
Structure to Physiological Action," Harold C. Urey, chairman. Five formal
papers were presented at this conference. The second one was on "Cellular
Metabolism and Tissue Respiration," by Kurt G. Stern, chairman. Nine
formal papers were presented at this conference. Science 88: 8-9. 1938.

Second Research, Conferences ox Chemistry

(Gibson Island, Maryland, July 10-28, WjQ)

The .subjects of the three conferences held in 1939 were, "Resinous
Polymers," "Vitamins" and "Relation of Structure to Physiological Action."
The respective chairmen were Howard L. Bender, C G. King, and Walter
H. Hartung. Ten papers were presented at the first conference, eight at the
second and eight at the third. Science 89 : 559-561 . 1939.

A third series of five five-day research conferences was held in July-
August, 1940.

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

LIFE MEMBERS

EMERITUS LIFE MEMBERS

EMERITUS ANNUAL MEMBERS

FIFTY-YEAR MEMBERS

HONORARY MEMBERS

AND

ANNUAL MEMBERS

Complete Lists of the First Six Classses from the Establishment
of these Classes of Members to July i, 1940

Sustaining Members 203

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

Article 2 of the Constitution of the Association contains the provision : "A person
who gives one thousand dollars to the Association may be elected to be a sustaining
member and is exempt from further dues."

Article 10 of the Constitution contains the provision: "The payments from sustaining
and life members form part of the permanent fund, and the income (after the death of
the member) shall be used for research, unless otherwise directed by unanimous vote of
the Council or by a majority vote at two consecutive annual meetings."

An asterisk preceding the name of a member indicates that he is deceased.

The symbols following the name give the complete membership record of the member.
For example, the symbols following the first name below indicate that Edward Dean
Adams became a member (M) in 1890, a fellow (F) in 191 3, a sustaining member (S)
in 1916 and died (D) in 1931. A dash following the letter D means that the year of
the death of the person is not known by the Association.

*Adams, Edward Dean. M90F13S16D31. *Maiben, Hector. S21D31.

^Hermann, Mrs. Esther. S70D11. *Thompson, Mrs. Elizabeth. S73D99.

*Lilly, William. S79D93. -'Walters, Henry. S29D31.
*McMillin, Emerson. S88F09D22.

LIFE MEMBERS

Article 2 of the Constitution of the Association contains the provision : "A member
who pays at one time the sum of one hundred dollars [fifty dollars until Jan. 1, 1920] to
the Association becomes a life member and is exempt from further dues."

The provision of Article 10 of the Constitution, quoted under Sustaining Members
above, applies also to Life Members.

The names of Life Members who were living on June 1, 1934, are included, with
additional information, in the complete directory of members for the period June 1,
1 934- July 1, 1940, which begins on page 217. The names of Life Members who were
deceased on June 1, 1934, are contained in some earlier volume of the Summarized Pro-
ceedings. Therefore the complete membership record of every person who has been a
member of the Association since the present system of records was established in 1920
is contained in some volume of the Summarized Proceedings.

The symbols following the name give the complete membership record of the member.
For example, the symbols following the second name below indicate that E. Stanley
Abbot became a member (M) in 1904, a life member (L) in 1909, and a fellow (F) in
1928. In case a member is deceased the letter D precedes the digits that indicate the
year of his death ; a dash following the letter D means that the year of the death of the
person is not known by the Association.

New York State Library. Lio. *Argollo, Miguel T. M08L14D16.

Abbot, E. Stanley. M04L09F28. Armstrong, Clairette P. L29F33.

Achilles, Edith Mulhall. M22L25F28. Armstrong, Donald. M10L11.

Ackerman, Mrs. Ethel Serviss. L25. Armstrong, Francis T. Ln.

Adams, Edwin L. M18L26. Armstrong, S. Howard. L39.

Allen, A. H. M24L25. Armstrong, Samuel T. M06L07F33.

Allis, Edward Phelps. M02F05L14. Armstrong, Warren Putnam. L34.

Allis, William Phelps. M24L31F33. *Arnett, Eugene. L24D38.

Alvord, John W. M07F11L31. Arnold, John W. M24L29F31.

204

Life Members

Arnold, Weld. L22F31.

Arutunoff, Armais. M37L39.

Austin, James Harold. M12L13F15.
:|: Avery, Samuel P. L87D04.

Bacon, Clara L. M24L33F33.

Baekeland, L. H. M06F08L24.

Baggaley, Ralph. Loi.

Bailey. John Wendell. M17F33L38.
;:: Balch, Edwin Swift. Moi F03L03D27.
•'Baldwin, S. Prentiss. L98F00D38.
"Baldwin, Simeon E. L01F01D27.

Ballard, Mrs. Foster K. L38. (Formerly
Ruth G. Mason)
*Baltzell, William Hewson. M08L09D28.
:: Baltzell, Mrs. Wm. Hewson. L29D38.
*Bangs, Lemuel Bolton. L87D14.

Banker, Howard J. M02F05L23.

Bannister, Ruth D. M24L2Q.

Barber, M. A. L34F34.

Barbour, Thomas. M02F07L2S.
*Barge, B. F. M84L88D02.
-Barker, George F. MsoF7sL8oDio.
-Barnard, Edward E. M77F83L08D23.
*Barnes, Cora F. M06L07D11.

Barnes, Howard T. M06F09L25.

Barnhart, John H. M60F03L11.
*Barth, Carl G. M08L25F28D39.
*Barton, Donald Clinton. M11F21L37D39.

Bascom, Florence. M02F97L10.

Bates, B. L. M. L17.
:i: Bates, Oric. L16D18.

Bausch, Carl L. M31F32L37.

Beckwith, Mrs. Daniel. L29.

Beckwith, Edward P. M11L13.

Beinecke, Frederick W. M28L31.

Belknap, Mrs. William.
*Bell, Alexander Graham.
-Bell, C. M. LS7D— .

Bell, Dennistoun M. .\L_
:i; Bell, John Everett. M03F06L25D31.

Belmont, Perry. M06L07.
^Benjamin, Marcus. M78F87L9 1 D32.

Berry, Samuel Stillman. M09F15L18.
:|: Biddle, Thomas. M13L15D15.

Bierbaum, Christopher H. M03F25L25.

Bird, Charles Sumner, Jr. M08L09.
-Bird, John B. L17D25."
■ |: Birnie, Rogers. M.10L1 1F1 1D39.
: Bishop, Heber R. L87D02.

Bitting, Arvill W. M16L17F33.
-Bitting, Katherine Golden. M93F97L17-

D36.
;|: Bixby, Wm. H. L85F92D28.
*Blackmore, Henry Spencer. M00L09D21.

Blair, Mary C. L22.
-Blanchard, George W. M24L31D — .

Blanchard, Roland. M25L31.
)! Br.sh, W. G. L84D— .

Bliss, Cornelius N. L29F40.

Bliss, Gilbert Ames. M05L06F07.

Bliss, Robert Woods. L29F40.
-Bliss. Mrs. William H. L07D35.

Blossom, Mrs. D. S. L32.
*Blount, Henry F. M83L98D13.

Blumenthal, Hugo. L16.

Blunt, Katharine. M07F10L37.

Boettger, Robert. L16.

Bogen, Emil. M29L32F33.

Bole, Mrs. B. P. M24L30.
*Bolton, H. Carrington. M68F7SL79D03.
-Bond, Benjamin D. M17L25D — .

L29.

M 7 7F79^ '-•!>-

1 2 L<

Boswell. Foster P. M10L2SF28.

Bower, E. C. L27F27.

Boyd, James E. M97F99L37.

Boyden, James R. L18.
-Brackenridge, George W. L92D20.
-Bradley, Arthur C. L94D11.
-Bradley, M. J. L94D11.
-Bradley, Milton. Los D 10.
-Bradley, Stephen R. M01L02D10.

Branch, Hazel Elisabeth. M24L31F33.
-Brashear, John A. M84F85L02D18.

Bray, Charles W. M3oF33L37-
-Breitenbach, M. J. L17D20.
*Brice, Albert G. M83L07D12.
-Bridge, Norman. M02F06L23D25.
:: Britton, Wiley. MQ1L05D — .

Brodie. R. K. M17F33L37.
-Brooks, Peter C. M08L09D2S.
-Brown, Joseph Stanford. L01F06D23.
-Brown, William Henry. M08F15L20D39.
-Browning, J. Hull. M06L07D14.
-Brunton, David William. L01F11D27.
-Brush, George J. M50F74L81D12.
-Bryant, Henry Grier. M02F05L10D32.

Bryant, Owen. M04F06L10.
-Buck. Fred. M20L37D— .
-Buckley, Ernest R. M02L03D13.

Buehler, Henry Andrew. L11F13.
-Bullard, William N. M17L18D31.
-Burbank, Luther. M01F01L08D26.
-Burgess, Horace T. M11F15L20D39.

Burnett, J. Clawson. L29.

Burr, Charles W. L22F33.

Burr, I. Tucker. M08L09.

Burwash, E. M. L22F25.

Busch, Henry Paul. L21.

Caldwell, Otis W. M00F02L23.

Callender, Walter R. L28.
-Campbell, William W. Moi Foi L03 D38.

Cantley, Thomas. M08L23.

Caplan, Herman. M22L24.

Capp, Seth Bunker. M14L15.

Carpenter, Arthur. M28L31F33.

Carpenter, Leonard. M06L31.
-Carter, James C. L87D08.

Case, Theodore W. L17F25.

Cattell, J. McKeen. MqsF96L98.

Cattell, Mrs. J. McKeen. M22L30.
-Cattell, Owen. L16D40.

Chamberlin, Rollin T. M00F0QL20.

Chapman, Conrad. M22L23.
-Chisholm, George E. MoiLi8D38.

Churchill, Anna Quincy. M23L24F33.
-Cilley, Frank H. M00F01L01D05.

Clapp, Grace L. M18F21L37.
-Clarke, Hopewell. M10L11D — .

Cleveland, Newcomb. L23.

Clyde. William Hill. L 3 .i.
-Coe, Henrv Waldo. M83L8SD27.
-Colburn, Richard T. M82L87F9AD13.

Cole, Howard Irving. M29L31F33.
-Colman, L. C. L22D25.

Coltcn, Harold Sellers. AI04L09F13.
:!i Comstock, Theo. B. M75F87L00D15.
-Converse, John H. M04F06L06D10.

Cook, Howard H. M10L11.

Cook, Jonathan. L37.

Cooke, C. Montague, Jr. M07L23F33.
-Coolidge, Mrs. J. Randolph. MoSLooDji.

Cornelius, David W. M24L25F25.
*Corning, E. L. L18D24.

Life Members

20:

Corning, H. K. L27.

Cortes, Jose Maria. L35.
*Costantini, Count D. A. M2QL30D — .
*Coster, Edward L. Mi 1 1,131)34.

Council, Francis E. M22L23.
-Coxe, Eckley B., Jr. M 02 I ..ml)— .

Crain, Jason. M23L24.
*Cram, Roys Jones. L02F06D28.

Crampton, G. C. M 10F] 1 L26.

Crane, Alfred J. M17L27.
"Crocker, Sarah H. M08L10D17.

Crocker, Mrs. Wm. H. L29.
♦Crowell, A. F. L82D20.

Crunden, Allan B., Jr. M3SL40.
-Cullinan, J. S. L22D38.
-Curie, Charles. L06D10.

Currie, Thomas R. M08L31.

Dalai, Rustom D. L32F38.

d'Autremont, Louis Paul. L27.
"Davis, Andrew McFarland. M86L0N Fo6-
Oj 1 .

Davis, Bradley Moore. M96F97L25.

Davis, Charles Henry. M07F15L24.

Davis, Helen I. M23F33L37.

Davis, William T. M06L07F11.

Davy, J. Burtt. M02F03L03.

Dawson, Bernhard H. M21F22L24.

Day, Katharine Seymour. M25L26.

Day, William Scofield. LooF"ot.
-Deagan, John C. M22L26D37.
"Deering, Charles. L17D27.

de Forest, Alfred Victor. L17F31.
'Deghuee, Joseph A. Moi F00L31D31.
*Delafield, Maturin L. M94F-13L15D29.

de Landero, Carlos F. M87L91.
: DeLoubat, LeDuc. M97F97L98D27.

DeSilver, Mrs. Margaret. L29.

Desloge, Joseph. M24L31.
"Dey, Anthony. M06L07D12.

Deyoe, H. L. M32L37.

Dickerman, William C. L17F32.

Dickinson, C. G. M29L31.

Dobbin, Frank. M12L13.

Dodd, Gertrude. L2Q.
-Dodge, Cleveland H. L17D26.

Drake, Noah Fields. M06L07F0Q.
*Draper, Daniel. M80F81L87D31.
''Droppers, Garrett. M01F01L08D27.
*Du Bois, Aug. J. L81F82D1S.
*Dudley, Wm. L. M79F81L88D14.

Dufrenoy, Jean. M28F31L36.

Duncan, John Charles. M10F11L31.

Duncanson, Henry B. M01L08.
"Dunham, Carroll. M06L07D22.

Dunn, Gano. M01F16L19.

Dunn, Henry E. M18L31.

Dunscombe, George E. M06L07.

Durand, William F. M88F90L31.
*Dutton, Charles E. L15D26.
"Eddy, N. A. L17D18.

Edison, Theodore M. M24L31F32.
"Edwards, J. Warner. M07L10D21.

Elder, Clayburn C. M28L37'.

Elliott, A. W. L38.

Elliott, William Swan. L33.

Ellis, Ralph. L28.
"Ellsworth, James William. L17D25.

Embury, Emma C. L29.
:l! Emerson, Charles F. M73F74L98D23.

Emerson, Mrs. Raymond. M12L13.

Emmons, Mrs. Arthur B. L29.

W. M08L09D— .
Edwin. M17L26.
Li 7D19.
H. L35F35.
Frederick. M80L82-

-Emmons, S. F. M74F79L87D11.
*Eno, A. F. L10D— .

Eshner, Augustus A. M05F09L28.
:|: Estes, Dana. M80L84D09.

Ettinger, Amos A. L37.

Evans, Alice C. M24L31F31.

Evans, Florence L. M37F38L38.
:: Fabbri, Alessandro. Li 7D22.

Farwell, Francis C. L21.

Field, Wm. B. Osgood. M06L07.
"Fielde, Adele M. M06L09D16.

Fish, Stuyvesant. L17.

Fiske, Thomas Scott. M01F01L06.

FitzPatrick, Florence K. L38.
-Fletcher, Andrew. L01D08.

Floyd, Willis W. L35F35.

Follin, Maynard D. L22.

Forbes, Alexander. M08L09F21.

Forbes, Henry S. M23F25L31.

Forbes, William T. M. M09L11F14.

Fortmann, Henry Frederick. M04L06.

Foxworthy, Fred W. Mo2FiiL23.

Frazer, John. M07F09L09.
"Frazer, Persifor. M75F79L84D09.

Freedman, William H. M01F01L26.
:|: French, Caroline L

Freudenthal, Louis
*Frick, Henry Clay.

Friedman, Maurice
:: Frothingham, Mrs.
D13.

Fuhr, Clara. M24L30.
"'Fuller, Frank. M06L07D20.

Fuller, Myron L. L01F05.

Fuller, Richard E. M29F31L31.

Fulton, John F. M27L31F31.

Gafafer, Wm. M24F33L36.
:: Gaff, Thomas T. M02L19D23.

Gaines, Walter Lee. M13L14F31.
"Gallatin, Albert R. L17F38D39.

Gamble, Clarence James. L28.
"Garrett, Mrs. T. H. M08L0QD20.
-Gates. M. F. L23D25.

Gates, Reginald Ruggles. M07F09L19.
*Genth, Fred A. M83L85F00D10.

Gerdau, Mrs. Otto. L29.
"Gilbert, G. K. M69F74L00D18.
"Glenny, William H. M76L83D29.

Goddard, Verz R. M28L31F33.

Goebel, Gordon W. L17.

Goldman, Marcus I. M07F15L28.

Goldsborough, John Byron. M06L0;.
"Goldschmidt, S. A. M75F80L15D33.

Goldsmith, Alfred N. M22F25L30.

Goldsmith, Edward. M80F92L12.
"Goodwin, Harold. M13L31D35.
*Gorman, M. W. L21D26.
-Gotshall, William C. M28L31F31D35.
*Gouldy, Jennie A. M01L31D — .
"Greene, Wm. H. M04L06D18.

Greenway, James C. M03L27.
-Gregg, Donald. M23F25L31D39.
-Gregory, Henry E. L29D — .

Gregory, Herbert E. M01F02L12.
!,: Gribbel, Mrs. John. M04L18D34.
*Guggenheim, Daniel. L29D30.

Guggenheim, William. M06L07.

Gunder, Jeane D. M28L31.
*Guthrie, William Alvis. L24D34.

Haack, Karl F. O. L29.

Hague, Eleanor. M18L37.

206

Life Members

*Hague, William. M06L07D18.
*Haldeman, Cyrus B. M17L20D37.
*Hale, George Ellery. M88F91L17D38.
*Hall, Harvey Monroe. M12F15L24D32.
*Hamerschlag, Arthur A. M06L07F12D27.
*Hammer, Alfred E. M17L20D35.
*Hammond, Mrs. John Hays. M01L05D31.
*Hanaman, C. E. M70F83L83D— .
*Harkness, Wm. M77F78L78D03.
*Harper, D. Roberts, 3d. M18L20F21D35.
*Harris, J. Campbell. L01D — .

Harris, James Edward. L23.

Haskins, C. P. M33L37F30.
• !: Hastings, Charles S. M76F78L87D32.

Hazeltine, L. Alan. M22L25F33.
*Hazen, George H. L17D34.

Hebard, Morgan. M11L13F32.

Hektoen, Ludvig. M02F06L24.

Henderson, Judson Pulford. M18L20F31.

Henstock, Herbert. M23L29F30.

Herbert, Albert. L18.

Herbert, Jennie. M16L18.
*Herrick, Henry A. L17D17.

Herrick, Joseph C. L30F33.
*Hexamer, C. J. M82L84D21.

Heye, George G. L17F31.

Hicks, Lawrence E. M31L37.

Higginson, Mrs. James J. L29.

Hille, Hermann. L11F33.

Hills, Thomas McD. M00L10F16.
*Hitchcock, Charles H. M57F74L87D19.

Hitchcock, Fanny R. M. M86F06L16.

Hodge, Edwin T. M25F25L26.

Hoe, Mrs. R., Jr. L87.

Hoffman, Samuel V. M02F06L11.

Hoffmann, Bernhard. M18L27.
^Hoffmann, Friedrich. M78F81L99D04.

Holden, Mrs. L. E. L86.

Holmes, Harriet F. M10L25F25.

Hooker, Davenport. M25F11L37.

Hooton, E. A. M21F21L31.

Hopkins, Louis J. M07F13L18.

Horn, Clarence A. M27F33L36.

Houghton, Clement S. M08L31.

Houghton, John D. L39.
*Hovey, Edmund Otis. M87F95L20D24.

Howard, L. O. M88FS9L07.
*Howe, Elmer Parker. M08L09D18.

Howells, John N. M. M29L31.

Hoyt, Olive Sawyer. M02L23.

Hrdlicka, Ales. M97F97L16.

Hubbard, Bela. M23L24F31.

Hudson, Alfred. L35.

Hughes, Rupert. M30L32.

Hunt, Samuel P. M25L30.

Hunter, Roland Jackson. L27.

Huntington, Archer M. M06L07.

Hurwitz, W. A. M11F13L26.

Hutchinson, Frank J. L29.

Hutchison, Charles F. L39.

Iddings, Arthur. M19L23F31.

lies, George. M82L93F98.

Jackson, Mary L. M19L25.

Jacobs, Merkel H. M10F13L25.
*Jenkins, George C. M08L09D — .

Jillson, Willard Rouse. M18F21L25.

Johnson, H. Herbert. L29F30.

Johnson, Josef J. M23L25F38.

Johnson, Myrtle E. M11F21L25.

Johnston, E. M. L20.

Johnston, Frederick Atkins. M08L18.

*Johnston, J. Herbert. L18D31.

Jones, L. Goodrich. M29F31L33.

Jones, Walter C. M08F26L27.

Judd, George E. L35.

Judd, Horace. M06F25L37.

Karapetoff, Vladimir. M08F11L26.

Karpman, Benjamin. M30L31.

Kaufmann, Herbert M. M18L31F33.

Kendeigh, S. Charles. M28L29F33.

Kennan, Mrs. George. L29.

Kennedy, Harris. M91L92.
*Kennelly, Arthur E. M01F01L23D39.

Ketcham, Henry H. M17L30F32.

Keyes, Edward L. M24L33F33.
*Kidder, Nathaniel T. M08L09D38.
*Kinney, Francis S. L07D08.
*Kinsey, Oliver P. M07L08D31.

Kirkham, Stanton Davis. M09L10.

Kissam, William Adams. L17.
*Kohlsaat, John E. C. M07L31D34.

Kovarik, Alois F. M07F11L18.
*Kraemer, Henry. M98F01L02D24.

Kress, Samuel H. L17.

Krumbhaar, Edward Bell. M12L19F21.

Kuschke, Carl G. P. M34F34L35.

Kwang, Kwong Yung. M12L13.

Lackenbach, Fred I. L25.

Ladd, William Sargent. L17F33.

Laine, Carl David. L29.

Lamson, Genieve. M24F31L37.

Lane, Alfred Church. M01F02L02.
*Lang, James Sherburne. M12L13D29.

Lang, W. B. M21L28F31.
*Langdon, Palmer H. M19L26D — .

Langner, Helen P. M33L34F38.
*Larkin, Edgar L. L02F03D24.
* Lawrence, G. Alfred. M06L21D28.

Leach, Henry Goddard. L33.

LeClercq, Robert R. M25L31.
*Lehman, Meyer H. M06L07D — .

Lemon, Courtenay. M20L21.
*Leverett, George Vasmer. M08L09D17.

Levy, Howard S. M20L25.

Lewis, C. McKenzie, Jr. L37.

Lewis, Charles H. L28.

Lewis, Clarence. L98.
*Lewis, John Frederick. M13L14D32.

Lewis, Joseph. M31L33.

Lichtenstein, Alfred F. L16.
*Linhart, Samuel Black. M06L09D36.

Litten, Arthur S. M33L37.

Livingston, Burton E. M03F06L20.
:|: Loeb, Morris. M87F89L1 1D12.
*Logan, Walter S. M87L00D06.

Logan, William N. M13L14F16.
*Lomb, Adolph. M92L23F31D32.
*Loomis, Henry B. L22D39.

Louderback, Geo. D. M01F06L08.

Lovejoy, Frank Woods. L15.

Loveland, Horace Hall. L02.
*Low, A. A. L94D12.

Lowie, Robert H. M08F10L33.

Lundberg, A. J. M26L37.

Lundberg, George A. M32F33L37.
*Lyman, Benj. S. M66L74F05D20.

Lyman, Theodore. M05L06F07.
*Macbride, Thomas H. M89F90L28D34.
*McCormick, Cyrus H. L22D36.
■McCormick, Samuel Black. M04L06D28.

McCracken, Elizabeth. M35L40.

McCrea, Nelson G. M13L24F31.

Life Members

207

MacDonald, W. E. M24L26.

McDowell, Louise S. M11F15L20.

Macllvaine, Francis S. L18.

Mackay, A. D. L18.

McKee, Mrs. Arabella Ogden. M27L31.

McKenney, Randolph E. B. M02F03L09.
♦Mackenzie, Kenneth K. M06F1 1L23D34.
♦McMillan, Smith B. M88L99D11.

Mac Neal, Ward J. M08F13L20.

Mallinckrodt, Edward, Jr. M03L04F09.
*Mann, B. Pickman. M73F74L82D26.

Manry, James C. M19L22F24.
♦Marble, Manton. L87D17.
♦Markoe, Francis H. M06L07D08.
-Marling, Alfred E. M06L07D— .

Marmor, J. D. M02L04.
♦Marsh, Millard C. M04F15L31D36.
•""Marshall, Louis. M06L07D — .
♦Marshall, Robert. M27L31F33D39.
♦Marshall, Waldo H. L17D23.

Marston, George W. M18L31.

Martin, Earl A. M17L25F33.

Martin, Mrs. Walton. L17.

Mason, Ruth G. L38. (See Mrs. Foster K.
Ballard)

Matthews, Albert. M02F13L25.
♦Mears, J. Ewing. L06F11D25.
♦Mecham, John B. M10L11D30.

Medlar, E. M. M35F35L37.

Melcher, Arthur Clarke. M07F11L11.
♦Merrill, Fred J. H. M86F87L98D16.

Merrill, Mrs. Winifred Edgerton. M86-
L98.

Merritt, Arthur H. M32F39L40.

Merritt, George E. L27F31.

Mershon, Ralph D. M01F06L31.
♦Mertzanoff, A. L29D — .
♦Metcalf, Frank Hamilton. L16D — .
♦Metcalf, Orlando. M86L87D09.

Meyer, Charles F. M17L31F31.

Meyerding, Henry W. L19F33.
♦Miller, Edgar G. M80L88D10.
♦Miller, Emerson R. M02L11D29.

Miller, George J. M11F16L28.
♦Miller, George Norton. M04L13D35.

Miller, W. Lash. M08F10L24.
*Milne, David. M02L0SD29.

Miloslavich, Edward L. L25F31.
♦Minns, Susan. M83L14F32D38.
♦Minot, Charles S. M79F80L01D14.

Mitchell, Allan C. G. L25F31.
♦Mitchell, Arthur M. M06L08D29.
♦Mitchell, John, Jr. M13L14D — .

Mitchell, Samuel Alfred. M02F06L23.
♦Mitchell, Walter S. M24L25D30.

Mixter, George. M08L12.

Moffatt, William Sayer. M07L08.
*Molera, E. J. L01F15D32.

Monroe, William S. M17F33L37.

Moore, Mrs. A. O. L15.

Moore, Elinor. M31F38L40.

Moore, Elwood S. M08F11L25.

Moore, J. Percy. M04F06L20.

Moore, Stanley B. L17.

Morgan, Caroline L. L29.

Morgenstern, Edward M. M36L37.
♦Moriondi, Carlo. L29D31.
*Morris, Effingham B. L22D37.

Morris, Frederick K. L26F27.
♦Morris, Newbold. M00L10D28.

Morss, Noel. M29F32L33.

Muncy, Victor Emanuel. M17F24L24.
*Munn, John Pixley. M06L07D31.
♦Munroe, Charles Edward. M 73 F74L99-
D38.

Murnaghan, Francis D. M24F25L26.

Myers, William Shields. M94F98L17.

Nelson, Nels C. L16F25.

Newcomb, William W. M07L13.
*Newerf, N. C. L17D— .

Newkirk, Mrs. Alice M. Field. M18L24.

Newman, Clarence W. L24.

Newton, Mrs. Douglass E. M29L30.

Nichols, John Treadwell. M10L11F15.
♦Nickerson, William E. M25L26D30.

Nollen, Henry S. M29L31F32.

Norton, Thomas Herbert. M86F87L87.
♦Noyes, Winthrop Gilman. M26L31D31.

Obenchain, Jeannette B. M21L26F33.
♦O'Gara, P. J. M09F13L17D27.

Olivenbaum, J. E. M29L30.

Olyphant, Robert M. M06L07.

Osborn, Chase S. M08L09F32.
♦Osborn, Henry Fairfield. M81F83L17D35.
♦Osterhout, George E. M08F11L30D37.

Owen, Juliette A. M01F06L06.
♦Owen, Luella Agnes. M98F1 1L1 1D32.
♦Owen, Mary Alicia. M01L11D35.
♦Page, Clarence V. L02D — .

Page, Dudley L. M84L95.
♦Page, Mrs. Nellie K. M84L95D33.

Palache, Charles. M95F96L10.

Palmer, Mrs. Elizabeth P. M14L15.

Palmer, Frederic, Jr. M13F16L37.

Palmer, L. J. L25F31.
♦Palmer, T. Chalkley. L17F33D34.

Panganiban, Elias H. M25L33F33.
♦Parish, Henry. M00L01D — .
♦Parker, Gordon. M14L18F31D37.

Parker, Herschel C. M94F00L09.
♦Parkhurst, Henry M. M73F74L85D08.
♦Parsons, Francis H. M02L11F11D25.
♦Parsons, John E. L87D14.

Patten, John. MQ4L02.

Paxson, Owen Shoemaker. M17L25.

Pemberton, Cyril Eugene. M22F26L31.

Penfield, Mrs. Paul L. L22.

Penniman, Josiah H. M13L14F31.
♦Penrose, R. A. F., Jr. M89F90L94D31.

Pentecost, E. H. M08L10.
♦Pentecost, Mrs. E. H. M08L10D22.
♦Perkins, Arthur. L82D — .

Perkins, William H. M06L07.

Perrine, Charles Dillon. L02F03.

Pfeiffer, Curt G. L29.

Phelps, John J. L29.
♦Phillips, Francis Clifford. M87F89L03-

D20.
♦Phillips, John C. M02L09F13D38.

Phipps, Lawrence Cowle. L02F32.
♦Pierce, Newton Barris. L00F01D16.
♦Pierrepont, Henry E. L94D11.

Pitman, Earle C. M17L28F38.

Pomeroy, Katherine. L29R40.

Pope, George A. M13L14.

Pope, Willard. L30F32.

Porter, Mrs. Albert Brown. M12L32.
♦Porter, James F. M07F14L23D39.

Potter, Alden A. L11F15.
♦Potter, Blanch. M06L07D— .

Potts, Charles E. L17.

Preisler, Paul W. M3SF35L37.

208

Life Members

Pruitt, Clarence M. M29L30F31.
*Pruyn, John V. L. M80L87D04.
::: Pupin, Michael I. M95F96L05D35.

Putnam, Helen C. M08L17.

Putnam, William Lowell. M08L09.
*Quinan, William Russell. L06D10.

Rabinowitz, L. M. L29.
*Raht, Charles. M06L07D18.
*Ray, Benjamin H. M11L13D25.

Read, Bernard E. L35F35.

Rehn, Henry J. L37.

Rejall, Alfred E. M11L27F33.

Renouard, Charles Auguste. L32.
*Rhodes, James Ford. L01F04D26.

Rice, A. Hamilton. L2QF31.
*Rice, Edwin Wilbur, Jr. M01F16L16D35.

Rich, Gilbert J. M19F28L30.
*Richards, Edgar. M82F86L99D24.

Rightor, Fred Elmer. M08L31.

Riley, Wm. G. M29L37.

Roads, Katie M. M17L23.
*Robert, Samuel. M06L07D3S.

Roberts, Dorothea K. M19F25L26.

Roberts, Helen H. M25F31L35.
*Robertson, Thomas D. M56L74D02.
*Robinson, Lucien M. M14L15F32D —

Robison, Sanford H. M30L33.

Rockie, W. A. M36F36L37.

Roebling, John A. L17.

Roeser, Frederick. M17L37.

Rohlffs, Walter V. L25.
* Roosevelt, Marion T. M82L84D— .
*Rosengarten, George D. M07F1 1L17D36.
::; Rosenwald, Julius. L21D32.

Rowell, Dorothy C. L29.

Roy, Arthur J. M01F08L09.

Ruediger, E. Henry. L18F33.
*Ryerson, Martin A. M07L08D32.

Sanders, Joseph. M27L31.
*Sargent, Mrs. Helen W. L23D25.

Sargent, Homer Earle. M07F13L20.

Saunders, T. Skewes. L16.

Sawyer, C. B. L29F33.
*Sayer, William S. M07L09D09.
*Schaeberle, John Martin. M85F86L90D21.
*Schaffer, Charles. M80L82D03.

Scharnberg, Herman J. B. L27.
*Schermerhorn, F. Aug. L87D19.
*Schermerhorn, Wm. C. L87D — .
*Schott, Charles M., Jr. L17D19.

Schubring, Selma L. MioLii.
*Schulte, H. von W. M08F1 1 L28D32.

Schwarz, Herman. M17L37.

Scott, A. H. M20L21F22.
*Scovell, M. A. M86L02D12.
*Scudder, Samuel H. M59F74L80D11.

Seneker, Seehorn. L28.

Sevin, Gertrude K. M11L23.

Sharp, Charles Cutler. M01L18.

Sharp, George C. M29L32.
*Shattuck, Frederick C. L01F01D29.

Shaw, Henry S. M25L31F32.

Shaw, Robert S. M29L35.

Sheafer, Arthur Whitcomb. L79.

Sheldon, Mrs. Frank M. L30.
*Sheldon, Mrs. J. M. Arms. M95F33L34-
D38.

Shepard, Finley J. L29.
"Shepherd, Elizabeth. M90L00D20.

Shrigley, Edward White. M31L33.
-Shryock, Wm. K. M04L06D10.

Shull, Charles Albert. M07F15L24.

Silsbee, Francis B. M17F21L37.

Simes, Mrs. William. M08L31.

Singewald, Quentin D. M27L31F31.

Slemons, J. Morris. M08F14L31.

Slocum, H. Jermain, Jr. L29.

Smith, A. D. Buchanan. M28L29F31.

Smith, Burnett. M04F11L1S.

Smith, Clara E. M08F11L14.
"Smith, Elizabeth H. L29F31D33.

Smith, Harrison Willard. L25F25.
:; Smith, Jane M. L01D11.

Smith, L. W. M27F31L36.
:;: Smith, Matilda H. L01D09.
'"Smith, Quintius Cincinnatus. M77L79-

F81D11.
-Smith, Uselma C. M84L86D02.

Smith, W. S. Tangier. M01F06L11.
*Smith, Wm. A. M06L07D11.
*Spenzer, John George. M88L90F95D32.

Speranza, Mrs. Gino. L29.
::: Spragg, Frank A. M13F18L24D24.
-Sprague, C. H. M80L82D0Q.
"Springer, Frank. M06L07F14D27.
"Stanfield, Theodore. L16D38.
-Stanton, Frank McMillan. M01L02D16.

Stauffer, Clinton R. M06F11L20.

Stearn, Noel Hudson. M24L29F31.
-Steers, James R. M06L07D — .

Stefansson, Vilhialmur. M19L21F25.

Stenstrom, K. Wilhelm. M24F27L37.
-Stephens, W. Hudson. M69F74L75D17.
-Stetson, Francis L. M06L17D20.

Stevens. Neil Everett. M11F13L19.
-Sticht, Robert C. M08L10D22.

Stifler, William W. M11F15L27.

Stockton, Robert S. M17F31L33.
-Stoeckel, Carl. M02L04D2S.
-Stoekle, Erwin R. M28F31L37D38.

Stokey, Alma Gracey. M11F15L20.

Stoll, Norman R. M20F25L30.

Strang, Ruth. M30F32L37.

Straub, Geo. F. L24.

Straus, Mrs. Michael W. L26.

Sturgeon, Myron T. M38L40.
-Swan, Mrs. J. Andrews. L29D38.

Swift, Harold H. L21.

Taber, Edmund Rhett. Lif».
-Taft, Elihu Barber. M87L91D31.

Taliaferro, W. T. L. M14F32L33.
*Talmage, James Edward. L01F06D33.
*Tanner, John Henry. L98F99D40.
-Tarr, Ralph Stockman. M00F01L08D12.
-Thaw, Benjamin. M01 L09F13D33.
-Thaw, Stephen D. L09F13D23.
-Thayer, John Eliot. M10L11D33.

Thomas, Llewellvn Hilleth. L31F33.
"Thompson, Caroline B. M<)9Fi3Li8D25.
-Thompson, Frederick F. L87D99.
-Thompson, H. D. M06L07F09D27.
-Thorne, Mrs. Phoebe A. L01D11.
-Thorne, Mrs. W. V. S. L20D37.

Tolman, Richard C. M11F15L32.

Tomlinson, C. W. M17F21L31.

Trelease, Sam F. M10F21L25.

Trelease, William. M90F91L08.
*Troescher, A. F. L17D — .

True, Mrs. Edward C. L33.
-True, Rodney Howard. M97F99I-33D40.
:|; Tubbs, Frank Dean. M08F15L17D39.
-Tuckerman, Alfred. M80L90F91D2S.

Life Memp.ers

2<X)

Turner, Clair Elsmere. M17F21L31.

Turner, M. L. \I24L2s.

Uehling, F. F. M11L20.
*Vaile, Joel F. M01L13D16.

van Beuren, Frederick T., Jr. L87F25.
*Van Horn, Frank R. M06L07F09D3.?.

van Kampen, E. R. M34F34L40.

Van Orstrand, Charles E. M07F11L13.

Varela, Edmund Albert. L16.

Vaughan, F. E. M25F31L32.
*Vaux, George, Jr. M84L85 F06D27.
-Veatch, Arthur C. M02F07L19D38.

Vedder, Edward B. M06F11L12.
*Wadsworth, Frank L. O. M02L03F04D36.

Wadsworth, Mrs. W. Austin. L29.

Wahl, Manfred. M2SL38.

Waite. J. Herbert. L39.
-Walcott, Charles D. M76F22L25D27.

Walcott, Mrs. Chas. D. L25F31.
-Walker. R. M. M02L04D20.

Waller, Adolph E. M17L20F21.
-Waller, E. M74F74L79D19.

Walls, John A. L34.
■ : Walsh, Thomas F. L00D10.

Walsh. Thos. J. L29.

Walters, Frank. M06L07.
*Wanamaker, Rodman. L17D28.
-Warburg, Felix M. L17D37.
*Ward, Charles W. M06L07D—

Ward, Henry Baldwin. M99F99L20.
:i: Ward, Robert DeC. M07F10L18D31.
■ i: Ware, Lewis Sharpe. M04F10L1 1 DiS.
*Warington, Robert. L91F99D07.
-Warner, James D. M69F74L74U1 1 .

Warren, Mrs. Mary Schaffer. L89.
*Warrington, James N. M85L31D33.
-Watson, Thomas A. Mi7L2^F^i D?4.
-Watson, Wm. M50F84L84D 1 5.

Wayland, Charles A. M07L08.

Webster, Mrs. A. G. M08L23.

Webster, Hutton. M10F13L22.

Wedderburn, J. H. M. M11F21L37.

Weeks, John R. M24F31L33.
-Weitling, William W. M13L25D29.
♦Welsh, Francis Ralston. L02D38.

Wernecke, Livingston. M18L31.

West, Augustus P. L23F25.
^Westervelt, William Drake. M14L17D39.

Westervelt, William Young. M08F16L16.

Westfeldt, Mrs. Martha Gasquet. M25-

F32L33.
-Westgate, John Minton. M11F18L25D38.
-Westinghouse, George. L01F02D14.
-Wheelock, William E. M06L07D27.
-Whelpley, Henry Milton. M02L06F13D26.

White, Amelia Elizabeth. M24L37.
-White, Israel C. M76F82L90D27.
-Whiting, Donald F. M25F27L31D31

Whiting, Phineas. M13L15F20.
-Wigglesworth, George. M08L10D30.

Wilcox. Alice Wilson. M12L25F33.
-Wilcox. William W. L01D03.

Williamson, Warren. M17L20.
*Wilmarth, Mrs. Henry D. L91D16.
-Wilson, J. Howard. M06L07F13D36.

Wilson, Louis B. M10L11F13.

Wilson, Margaret B. M06L11F33.

Winchester, George. M11L13F15.

Winsor, Henry. M27L31.

Winter, Floyd L. M23F31L38.

Wirt, John Loughborough. L16.

Wirtner, M. M07L08.

Wolcott, George N. M13L26F26.

Wolfle, Dael L. M32F37L38.

Wood, Francis Carter. M06F08L10.
-Wood, Walter. L84D34.

Woodley, Sam. M21L30.
'Woodward, Robert S. M84F85L09D24.

Worley, Leonard G. M29L30.

Worthington, James H. M12L13F15.

Wulfing, John Max, Jr. L24.

Wunderlich, Frederick W. M94L98.

Yamanouchi, Shigeo. M06F09L23.

2IO

Emeritus Life Members

EMERITUS LIFE MEMBERS

In 191 1, Jane M. Smith, of Pittsburgh, Penn., bequeathed $5000 to the Association
with the stipulation that the income from the fund should be used for establishing
Emeritus Life Memberships (Council minutes, Dec. 27, 1911). As income received from
the Fund amounts to $100, or a multiple thereof, it is used to pay life membership dues
for one or more life members elected by the Council from among the members of longest
continuous standing. Upon the death of an emeritus life member the $100 set aside for
his life membership dues reverts to the credit of income from the Fund and may be
used for the payment of life-membership dues of another member elected to life member-
ship by the Council. Two or more emeritus life members have been elected each year
since 1914.

The names of emeritus life members who were living on June 1, 1934, are included,
with additional information, in the complete directory of members for the period June I,
1934-July 1, 1940, beginning on page 217. The names of emeritus life members who
were deceased on June 1, 1934, are contained in some earlier volume of the Summarized
Proceedings. Therefore the complete membership record of every emeritus life member
is contained in some volume of the Summarized Proceedings. In the case of an emeritus
life member the figures that immediately follow the letter E give the year of his election
to emeritus life membership.

An asterisk preceding the name of a member indicates that he is deceased.

The symbols following the name give the complete membership record of the member.
For example, the symbols following the fourth name below indicate that Wm. James
Beal became a member (M) in 1868, a fellow (F) in 1880, an emeritus life member (E)
in 191 7 and died (D) in 1924. The letter D followed by a dash indicates that the year
of the member's death is not known to the Association.

Arthur, J. C. M72F83E24.
^Baldwin, Herbert B. M94E39D39.

Bausch, Edward. M77F83E31.
*Beal, Wm. James. M68F80E17D24.

Bedell, Frederick. M92F94E39.
*Bethune, Charles J. S. M69F75E20D32.

Biddle, James G. M90E39.
*Blackham, George E. M76F83E27D28.

Bolley, Henry L. M90F92E39.
*Brackett, Richard N. M88F91E37D37.

Bramwell, George W. M94E39.

Bray, William L. M00F01E38.
*Britton, Nathaniel L. M80F82E33D34.
*Burgess, Thomas J. W. M89F99E18D26.
*Butler, Amos W. M81F85E36D37.
*Calkins, Marshall. M80E18D24.

Carver, Gail Luke. M91F95E39.

Chadbourn, Erlon R. M80E34.
*Chamberlin, Thomas C. M72F77E23D28.
*Chandler, Charles F. M70F75E19D25.
*Clark, John E. M68F75E21D21.
*Clarke, Frank W. M69F74E17D31.
*Cloud, John W. M79F86E32D36.

Cook, Orator F. M91F92E39.

Crawford, Morris B. M81F89E36.
*Dall, William H. M69F74E17D27.
*Dana, Edward Salisbury. M74F75E25D35.

Davenport, Eugene. M90F09E39.

Dewey, Lyster H. M91F99E39.
*Dimmock, George. M73F74E24D30.

Dunnington, F. P. M31F80E37.

Eichelberger, W. S. M92F96I139.
*Emerson, Benjamin K. M70F77E22D32.

Fairchild, Herman L. M78F83E30.

Felt, Ephraim P. M95F99E39.
:!: Fernald, Charles H. M06F13E18D21.

Focke, Theodore M. M95F03E39.

Frankforter, George B. M94F01E39.

Fries, Harold H. M91F98E39.

Gage, Simon Henry. M79F81E31.

Ganong, William F. M00F00E38.
*Gooch, Frank A. M76F80E28D29.
*Grinnell, George Bird. M76F85E29D38.

Gruener, Hippolyte. M95F98E39.

Hagar, Stansbury. M94F99E39.
*Hall, Edwin Herbert. M80F81E34D38.
*Hervey, Alpheus B. M73F79E24D31.
*Hilgard, Eugene W. M57F84E16D16.

Hobbs, William Herbert. M91F93E39.

Hopkins, A. D. M93F99E39.
*Hopkins, Arthur John. M95F00E39D39.

Hopkins, Grant S. M92F00E39.

Hume, Alfred. M90F09E39.

Jones, Lewis Ralph. M92F94E39.

Kellogg, John Harvey. M75E31F32.

Kingsbury, Albert. M93F98E39.

Knight, Charles M. M80F04E34.
*Langenbeck, Karl. M80F96E35D38.
*Leach, Mary F. M95F96E39D39.

Lefavour, Henry. M93F94E39.

Emeritus Annual Members

211

Leverett, Frank. M88F91E37.
*Linn, Alvin Frank. M01F01E38D— .
*Lyle, David Alexander. M7SF80E32D37.

McDonnell, Henry B. M91F93E39.

MacDougal, Daniel T. M95F97E40.

Macfarlane, John M. M92F99E39.

Marian, Charles L. M91F95E39.

Marvin, Charles F. M90F92E39.
*Matlack, Charles. M78E33D33.
*Mees, Carl Leo. M75F76E26D32.
*Mendenhall, Thomas C. M71F74E15D24.
*Michelson, Albert A. M77F79E29D31.

Miller, Dayton C. M95F9SE39.
*Miller, William Snow. M93F94E39D39.

Morgan, William Fellowes. M78F32E33.
:i: Morley, Edward Williams. M69F76E19-

D23.
*Morse, Edward S. M69F74E15D25.
*Moser, Jefferson F. M79FS9E32D34.

Needham, James George. M96F98E40.
*Nichols, Edward L. M79F81E30D37.
:!: Paine, Cyrus Fay. M58F74E17D21.
*Peck, Charles Horton. M02F06E15D17.

Peirce, George James. M95F97E39.
*Perkins, George Henry. M69F82E20D33.

Ramaley, Francis. M96F99E40.
*Remsen, Ira. M73F75E25D27.

Rice, Edward L. M94F05E39.
-Rice, William North. M69F74E19D28.

Richards, Robert H. M73F75E18.

Ries, Heinrich. M92F98E39.

Rolfs, Peter Henry. M92F99E39.

Simonds, Frederic W. M76F88E29.

Smith, Arthur Whitmore. M95F06E39.
*Smith, Eugene Allen. M71F77E22D27.
*Smith, Harlan I. M92F96E40D40.

Smith, Herbert S. S. M80F15E36.
*Smock, John Conover. M74F79E26D26.
*Snyder, Monroe B. M75F82E27D32.

Springer, Alfred. M75F80E28.

Stebbins. Fannie A. M95F38E39.

Steiger, George. M91F01E39.

Stejneger, Leonhard. M91F92E39.

Stewart, Fred Carlton. M95F01E39.
*Stockwell, John N. M69F75E21 D20.
*Stone, Ormond. M75F76E27D33.

Sturgis, William Codman. M91F92E39.

Swingle, Walter T. M91F92E39.

Tainter, Charles Sumner. M80F81E35.

Thompson, Joseph O. M92F93E39.
*Todd, David. M78F81E30D39.
*Tuttle, Albert Henry. M68F74E19D27.
*Upham, Warren. M76F80E28D34.

Welin, John Eric. M01F11E37.
*Wilbur, Albert B. M74F74E26D26.
*Wiley, Harvey W. M72F74E23D30.
*Williams, Edward H., Jr. M76F94E29D33.
*Williams, Francis H. M80F90E35D37.

Willoughby, Charles C. M96F97E40.

Woods, Albert F. M93F97E39-

Wright, John S. M93F99E39-
*Wurtele, Louis C. M57F75E16D19.
*Yarrow, H. C. M74F74E25D29.

EMERITUS ANNUAL MEMBERS

In 1932 Luella A. Owen bequeathed the Association $500 without specifying the
purpose to which income from it should be used. On December 29, 1932, the Council
voted "that the gift of the Owen estate be used as a nucleus of a fund the income from
which shall be used for emeritus annual memberships."

The letter C in the symbols following the name of an emeritus annual member pre-
cedes the year of his election as an emeritus annual member.

*Galloway, Beverly T. M88F90C34D38.
Gillette, Clarence P. M01F01C34.
Graham, James Chandler. M01F11C38.
Lindsay, Samuel McCune. M04F06C40.

Van Ornum, John Lane. M01F04C34.

(Discontinued Oct. 1, 1936.)
Wooton, Elmer O. M06F11C40.
Wulling, Frederick J. M07F10C37.

J I 2

Fifty-Year A I km bers

FIFTY-YEAR MEMBERS

On April 14, 1935, the Executive Committee passed the following by-law: "Members
who have paid annual dues for 50 years may be excused from further payments of dues
and still retain all the privileges of active membership." In practise all members who
have paid membership dues continuously for 50 years are elected fifty-year members.

The names of fifty-year members who were living on June 1, 1934, are included, with
additional information, in the complete directory of members for the period June t,
1934-July 1, 1940, which begins on page 217.

In the case of a fifty-year member the figures that immediately follow the letter A"
give the last two digits of the year he became a fifty-year member.

Boas, Franz. M87F88V37.

Campbell, Douglas H. M85F88V37.

Comstock, Charles W. M88F01V38.
*Coville, Frederick V. M86F90V37D37.

Darton, Nelson H. M88F93V38.
■'Davis, John Jefferson. M82FQ9V37D37.

French, Thomas, Jr. M81F83V36.
*Galloway, Beverly T. M88F90V38D3S.
*Howe, Charles Sumner. M85F91V36D39.

Howe, James Lewis. M87F88V37.

Jack, John George. M82F90V37.

Jackson, Robert Tracy. M88F90V38.

Jacobus, David Schenck. M87F89V37.

Jastrow, Joseph. M86F87V37.
*Logan, Frank G. M83F32V36D37.

MacCurdy, George Grant. M9QF00V39.

McGill, John Thomas. M86F88V37.

Magie, William Francis. M86FS7V37.

Martin, Lillien J. M83F86V37.

Merritt, Ernest. M84F90V37.

Miller, John Anthony. M82F06V37.

Moody, Robert Orton. M86F92V37.
*Moorehead, Warren King. M89F90V39-
D39.

Moseley, Edwin L. M85F02V37.

Novy, Frederick G. M87F89V37.

Noyes. William Albert. M83F85V37.

Osborn, Herbert. M83F84V37.

Patterson, Harry Jacob. M87F90V37.

Reid, Harry Fielding. M87F93V37.
*Shimer, Porter William. M89F09V39D38.
*Thomson, Elihu. M83F98V37D37.

Thruston, R. C. Ballard. M87F96V37.
*Wanner, Atreus. M87F90V37D38.

Weed, Clarence Moores. M89F90V39.

Willis, Bailey. M87F90V37.
:|: Willson, Frederick N. M83F87V36D39.

Wolff, John Eliot. M87F04V37.

Honorary Members from British Association

213

HONORARY MEMBERS FROM THE BRITISH
ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT

OF SCIENCE

For the Year 1939

Under the reciprocal arrangement (1938) between the British Association and the
American Association for "British and American Association Lectures," to be delivered
in each country on alternate years, the principal executive officers of each Association
are elected honorary members of the other Association. Science 88 1276. 1938.

Seward, Sir Albert, President
Boswell, P. G. H., General Treasurer
Brooks, F. T., General Secretary
Ferguson, A., General Secretary
Allen, R. W., Member of Council
Aston, F. W., Member of Council
Aveling, F., Member of Council
Balfour-Browne, F., Member of Council
Beare, Sir T. Hudson, Member of Council
Bledisloe, Rt. Hon. Viscount, Member of

Council
Caiman, W. T., Member of Council
Debenham, F., Member of Council
Fay, C. R., Member of Council
Fearnsides, W. G., Member of Council

Fleure, H. J., Member of Council
Fritsch, F. E., Member of Council
Gregory, Sir Richard, Member of Council
Hill, A. V., Member of Council
Hill, T. G., Member of Council
Moore, T. S., Member of Council
Philip, J. C, Member of Council
Smith, J. G., Member of Council
Smith, W. Campbell, Member of Council
Spearman, C, Member of Council
Tierney, C, Member of Council

Tierney

Ve

Walk

V\^hipplc, JX. O., 1V1C111UC1 Ul LUUli

Wilson, J. S., Member of Counci

enn, J. A., Member of Council

r alker, Sir Gilbert, Member of Council

'hippie, R. S., Member of Council

l ; or the Year iq /o

Gregory, Sir Richard, President
Boswell, P. G. H., General Treasurer
Brooks, F. T„ General Secretary
Ferguson, A., General Secretary
Allen, R. W., Member of Council
Aston, F. W., Member of Council
Beare, Sir T. Hudson, Member of Council
Bledisloe, Rt. Hon. Viscount, Member of

Council
Caiman, W. T., Member of Council
Debenham, F., Member of Council
Fearnsides, W. G., Member of Council
Fleming, A. P. M., Member of Council
Fleure, H. J., Member of Council
Fritsch, F. E., Member of Council
Harrod, R. F., Member of Council

Hill, T. G., Member of Council
Hutton, J. H., Member of Council
Kerr, Sir John Graham, Member of

G inncil
Livingstone, Sir Richard, Member of

Council
Moore, T. S., Member of Council
Philip, J. C, Member of Council
Raper, H. S., Member of Council
Smith, J. G., Member of Council
Smith, W. Campbell, Member of Council
Spearman, C, Member of Council
Tierney, C, Member of Council
Walker, Sir Gilbert, Member of Council
Whipple, R. S., Member of Council
Wilson, J. S., Member of Council

214

Honorary Junior Members

HONORARY JUNIOR MEMBERS

On June 28, 1938, the Council passed a resolution to offer to each affiliated Academy
of Science the privilege of nominating each year one boy and one girl from its junior
academy or from junior science clubs within its territory for a one-year Honorary
Junior Membership in the Association, without the payment of entrance fees and dues ;
and to give each honorary junior member a suitable certificate of membership, the pro-
grams of the meetings of the Association and preliminary announcements and reports of
its meetings. Science Service gives each honorary junior member a subscription to
Science News Letter for the term of his or her membership.

Nominated by Alabama Academy

Elizabeth Bush, Seale 1939

Wade Moss, Troy 1939

Nominated by British Columbia

Academy

Dorothy U. Dale, Vancouver 1939

Charles H. Davenport, Vancouver. .. 1939

A. E. Covington, Vancouver 1940

Odetta Hicks, Vancouver 1940

Nominated by Illinois Academy

Delbert Rainey, Chester 1940

Nadine Whitesides, Vienna 1940

Nominated by Indiana Academy

Robert Bennett, Mishawaka 1940

Ruth Downey, Indianapolis 1940

Nominated by Iozva Academy

Don Morgan, Spencer 1939

Mary Jo Rosenberg, Iowa Falls 1939

Nominated by Kansas Academy

Harold Green, Pittsburg 1939

Joanna Wagstaff, Laurence 1939

Bob Hull, Wichita 1 940

Jane Miller, Wichita 1940

Nominated by Kentucky Academy

Jean Adams, Louisville 1939

Roy Kirchoff, Bellevue 1939

J. Virl Chestnut, Somerset 1940

Alice B. Kinnard, Lancaster 1940

Nominated by Louisiana Academy

Frances Hunt, Monroe 1939

Howard Mayfield, Baton Rouge 1939

Nominated by Michigan Academy

Lyle Burdy, Ionia 1939

Nancy Rohde, East Lansing 1939

Charles Geisler, Jackson 1940

Bette C. Willamin, Ann Arbor 1940

Nominated by Minnesota Academy

Robert Higgins, Rochester 1939

Althea Ryden, Stillwater 1939

Alice Burns, Albert Lea 1940

James W. Shean, Albert Lea 1940

Nominated by Missouri Academy

Raymond Hahn 1940

Mary F. McAdams, Springfield 1940

Nominated by New Orleans
Academy

Joseph Kyame, New Orleans 1939

Lester Reed, New Orleans 1939

Nominated by North Carolina
Academy

Eugenia Cox, Winston-Salem 1939

Ralph Kiser, Charlotte 1939

Clyde Vaughn, Charlotte 1940

Nominated by Oklahoma Academy

L. D. Alley, Enid 1939

Oneta Carroll, Newkirk 1939

Katherine Craft, Henryetta 1940

Dean Steffey, Enid 1940

Nominated by Pennsylvania
Academy

Estelle Bowers, Altoona 1939

Howard S. McCord, Jr., Upper Darby 1939

Caroline Emerson, Erie 1940

Richard Jones, Johnstown 1940

Nominated by St. Louis Academy

Robert Leland, Webster Grove 1939

Doris von Wehrden, Normandy 1939

Zelda Balch, St. Louis 1940

David Lawrence, St. Louis 1940

Nominated by Texas Academy

John Sinclair, Galveston 1939

Carol Ruth McElroy, Austin 1940

Delbert G. Tarter, Commerce 1940

Nominated by West Virginia
Academy

Austin Henning, Elkins 1939

Ruth Mayhall, Shinnston 1939

Cary Lou Edgar, Charleston 1940

Marlin Higgins, St. Albans 1940

ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY OF MEMBERS

Fob the Period Junk i, 1934, to July i, 1940

Individual and Institution Members. In addition to individual members,
there are a few hundred institution members. The institutions are univer-
sities, colleges, libraries, societies and corporations. For convenience the
institution members are listed separately by states and countries immediately
following the directory of individual members.

Names included in the Directory. This alphabetical directory includes
not only the names of all members at July 1, 1940, its official date, but also
the names of all members whose memberships terminated by death or other-
wise since June 1, 1934, which was the date of the corresponding alphabetical
director)- in the last preceding Summarized Proceedings published in 1934-
The year in which each membership terminated and the reason therefor are
given following the name of the member.

Sources of Information. On December 15, 1939, a special form contain-
ing blanks to be filled in with information required for the alphabetical
directory was sent to every member of the Association. Return envelopes
were enclosed for the convenience of members in making their replies.
About two-thirds of the members provided the desired information. In
March, 1940, a second request was sent to those who did not reply to the
first call. Although many members heeded the second request, a consider-
able number did not reply at all. In the case of those who did not reply it
was necessary to use the information contained on their membership ap-
plication cards and in other records of the office of the Permanent Secre-
tary. This information was often supplemented by data contained in
biographical directories. The name of every person who was a member of
the Association on July 1, 1940, is included whether or not he filled out and
returned the special information card sent to him.

Scope of the information given. The information following each name is
of two kinds, ( 1 ) that which pertains to the member independent of his
membership, such as his residence, for example, and (2) his membership
record.

(1) The personal information is as follows: (a) The surname of the
member; (b) the title, such as Prof., Dr., Mr., Miss; (c) the given name
or names with the parts placed in parentheses that are usually omitted in
correspondence (Smith, Dr. C(larence) James, for example) ; (d) the
higher scholastic degrees received by the member, each followed by the
name of the institution that conferred the degree and the last two digits of
the year it was conferred (Ph.D., Vale, 31, for example) ; (e) the official
title or position of the member (assoc. prof, chemistry or dir. research lab.,

215

2l6

Directory of Members

for example) ; (f) the name and address of the institution (Northwestern
Univ., Evanston, 111., or General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y., for
example) ; and (g) mail address in parentheses, if different from the in-
stitution address (212 E. Main St., Lansing, Mich., for example).

(2) The membership record is as follows: (a) Capital letters represent-
ing various kinds of membership (M, member; F, fellow; S, sustaining
member ; L, life member ; E, emeritus life member ; V, 50-year member ;
C, emeritus annual member ; D, deceased ; and R, resigned) indicate the suc-
cessive changes in membership status of the member, and the numbers im-
mediately following each of the various letters are the last two digits of the
year the status was acquired. For example, M21L26F28D37 means that
the person named was elected a member in 1921, a life member in 1926, a
fellow in 1928 and died in 1937. If the membership has not been continuous,
the record for each continuous period is enclosed in parentheses, (b) The
offices held by a member are given in italics, and the years the offices were
held, (c) The sections in which a member is interested are indicated by the
letters attached to the various sections, as shown below. When there is more
than one letter, the letters are arranged in the order of decreasing interest
of the member in the corresponding sections.

Mathematics A

Physics B

Chemistry C

Astronomy D

Geology and Geography E

Zoological Sciences F

Botanical Sciences G

Anthropology H

Psychology I

Social and Economic Sciences K

Historical and Philological Sciences.... L

Engineering M

Medical Sciences N

Subsection on Dentistry Nd

Subsection on Pharmacy Np

Agriculture O

Industrial Science P

Education Q

Abbreviations. The

following

abbreviations

are used in the directory

Acad.

Academy

Hosp.

Hospital

Agric.

Agricultural

Ins.

Insurance

Amer.

America or American

Inst.

Institute or Institution

Assn.

Association

Instr.

Instructor

Asst.

Assistant

Lalx

Laboratory

Assoc.

Associate

Med.

Medical or Medicine

Biol.

Biological

Mfg.

Manufacturing

Bur.

Bureau

Mgr.

Manager

Chem.

Chemical

Mus.

Museum

Col.

College

Nat.

National

Dept.

Department

Res.

Research

Dir.

Director

Sec.

Secretary

Div.

Division

Soc.

Society

Engng.

Engineering

Sta.

Station

Exp.

Experiment

Supt.

Superintendent

Gen.

General

Tech.

Technology

Geol.

Geological

Treas.

Treasurer

Individual Members

217

FELLOWS AND OTHER INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS

A

Aamodt, Dr. O(laf) S(verre). Ph.D., Min-
nesota, 27. Principal agronomist, Div.
Forage Crops and Diseases, U. S. Bur.
Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. M22-
F25. OG.

Aaron, Dr. A. H. M.D., Buffalo, 12. Prof,
clinical medicine, Univ. Buffalo School
Med.; attending physician, Buffalo Gen.
Hosp.. Buffalo, N. Y. (6* Tudor Place)
M36. N.

Aaron, Isador (Morris). M.S., Pennsyl-
vania State; Allegheny Flood Control
Survey, Kittaning, Pa. (Brady St., Route
2, Butler. Pa.) M40. G.

Aase, Dr. Hannah Caroline. Ph.D., Chi-
cago, 14. Assoc, prof, botany, State Col.
Washington, Pullman, Wash. M18F21. G.

Abbe, Dr. Ernst C(leveland). M.S., Cor-
nell. 30; M.A., Harvard, 31; Ph.D., 33.
Asst. prof., Univ. Minnesota Dept. Bot-
any. Minneapolis, Minn. M29F38. G.

Abbitt, Dr. W(illiam) H(enry). Ph.D..
Chicago, 26. Prof, physics, Texas Tech.
Col., Lubbock, Tex. M31F38. AM.

Abbot, Dr. Charles G(reeley). M.Sc,
Massachusetts Inst. Tech., 95; D.Sc, Mel-
bourne, 14, Case, 30, George Washington,
37: LL.D., Toronto, 33. Sec, Smithsonian
Inst.. Washington, ID. C. M00F02. DB.

Abbot, Dr. E(dward) Stanley. M.D., Har-
vard, 93. 29 Gloucester St., Boston, Mass.
M04L09F28. IN.

Abbott, Dr. Charles H(arlan). A.M.,
Brown, 14; Ph.D., 18. Prof, zoology, Univ.
Redlands, Redlands, Calif. M14F31. FE.

Abbott, Donald Putnam. Student, Univ.
Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. M37. F.

Abbott, Dr. Donald Putnam, Sr. M30D36. N.

Abbott, Dr. E(rnest) V(ictor). M.S., Iowa
State, 23; Ph.D., 25. Assoc, pathologist,
U. S. Dept. Agric, Houma, La. M25F31.
OG.

Abbott, Dr. Howard C(linton). 212 Ruin-
sey Ave., Lansing, Mich. M25F25R32. G.

Abbott, Miss Julia E(lizabeth). M.A., Cor-
nell, 27 ; M.S., Massachusetts State, 33.
Instr. science, National Park Col., Forest
Glen, Md. (413 S. Market St.. Frederick,
Md.) M39. QC.

Abbott.Lynn (DeForrest), Jr. M.S., Wayne,
37; Ph.D., Michigan, 40. Asst. biochemis-
try, Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
(1014 Cornwell Place) M40. CX.

Abbott, Dr. Maude Edizabeth Seymour).
900 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Que..
Canada. M35F25R36. NL.

Abbott, Prof. Raymond B(arrington).
M.S., California, 12; Ph.D., 19. 339 Sylvia
St., West Lafayette, Ind. M24F31. B.

Abbott, Dr. Theodore J(acob). M.D., Co-
lumbia, 00. Phvsician, 160 E. 81st St., New
York, N. Y. M20. N.

Abbott, W. L. 3500 Sheridan Road, Chi-
cago, 111. M29F29. M.

Abbott, Walter S(idney). Beltsville, Md.
M24F25R37. F.

Abbott, W(illiam) G(eorge), Jr. Treas.,
Hillsborough Mills, Wilton, N. H. M16-
F31. M.

Abbott, Dr. William L. M25D36. FH.

Abegg, Dr. Fred A(nton). M.S., Syracuse,
22; Ph.D., Wisconsin, 28. Assoc, genetic-
ist sugar plant investigations, U. S. Bur.
Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. M29-
F30. GO.

Abel. F. A. E. 4604 Kahala Ave., Hono-
lulu, Hawaii. M33R33. CO.

Abel, Dr. James F(rederick). A.M., Stan-
ford. 18; Ph.D., George Washington, 30.
Chief Div. Comparative Education, U. S.
Office Education, Washington, D. C.
(2025 H St. NW.) M27. IQ.

Abel, Dr. John J(acob). M02F02D38. N.
President, 1032.

Abel, Dr. Theodora M(ead). M.A., Colum-
bia, 24; Ph.D., 25. Dir. research, Man-
hattan High School Women's Garment
Trades; psvchological consultant, Chapin
School, New York, N. Y. (11 W. nth St.)
M28F31. I.

Abell, Prof. E(dward) L(aRue). P.O. Box
642, Terre Haute. Ind. M29R34. Q.

Abell, Richard G(urley). Dept. Anatomy,
Univ. Pennsvlvania School Med., Phila-
delphia, Pa. M33R33. NFC.

Abello, Prof. Tomas P. M.A., Harvard, 26;
Ph.D., Chicago, 26. Dept. Physics, Univ.
Philippines, Manila, P. I. M34F34. B.

Abeloff, Dr. Abram Joseph, n 14 Madison
Ave., New York, N. Y. M36R36. N.

Abercrombie, Dr. Ronald T(aylor). M.D..
Johns Hopkins, 05. Dir. Dept. Physical
Education and Athletics, Johns Hopkins
Univ.. Baltimore, Md. (10 Whitfield Road)
M08. KN.

Abercrombie, Dr. W(arren) Fulton. M.Sc,
New York, 33; Ph.D., 35. Asst. prof, biol-
ogy, Howard Col., Birmingham, Ala.
(8216 2nd Ave. S.) M35. FN.

Aberle, Dr. Sophie B(ledsoe) D. A.M.,
Stanford. 25; Ph.D., 27: M.D., Yale, 30.
Supt., U. S. Pueblo Indian Agency; res.
assoc. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Albu-
querque, N. Mex. M26F32. HNF.

Abernathy, Dr. E(dward) R(obert). M.A..
Ohio State, 28; Ph.D., 38. Supt., State
School Deaf, Columbus, Ohio. M40. QI.

2l8

L)J RECTORY OF MEMBERS

Abernathy, Prof. Lewis G. A.M., Missouri.
jo. Prof, phvsics, Central Col., Fayette,
Mo. M36F40. B.

Abernethy, Dr. (Andrew) David, Jr. 220

Menzies Bldg.. Hickory. X. Car. M36R36.
MQ.

Abernethy, Dr. John Leo. M.S.. North-
western, 38; Ph.D., 40. Asst. chemistry,
Northwestern Univ.. Evanston, 111. M40. C.

Ablan. Guillermo L. Div. Fisheries, Bur.
Science. Manila. P. 1. M 3 3R33- FGB.

Ableiter, J(ames) Kenneth. M.S., Wiscon-
sin. 3J. Senior soil technologist, U. S.
Bur. Plant Industry. Washington. D. C.
M36F39. OEG.
Abrahams, Dr. Robert. M29D35. X.

Abrahamson, Dr. Emanuel M. M.A.. Co-
lumbia, 20; Ph.D., 22: M.D., 26. Adjunct
attending physician, Jewish Hosp.: asst.
attending physician. Greenpoint Hosp..
Brooklyn. X. V. (201 Eastern Parkway)
M25F33. XCB.

Abram, Prof. Robert Cranston, no X.
Glenwood Ave., Columbia, Mo. M ?6R36.

1Q-

Abrams, Dr. Allen. M.S.. Washington and
Jefferson. (5; D.Sc, 37. Technical dir.,
Marathon Paper Mills Co.. Rothschild.
Wis. (8m 10th St.. Wausau, Wis.) M3g.
CM.

Abrams, Duff Andrew. C.E.. Illinois, 00.
Consulting engineer, ir W. 42nd St.. New
York. X. Y. M08F15. A.M.

Abrams, Dr. LeRoy. A.M.. Stanford, 02;
Ph.D.. Columbia, in. Prof, botany and dir.
Natural History Mus., Stanford Univer-
sity, Calif. (653 Cabrillo Ave.) M04F09. G:

Abramson, Dr. David I. M.D.. Long
Island Col. Med. Assoc, charge cardio-
vascular research. May Inst. Med. Res.,
Jewish Hosp., Cincinnati, Ohio. M40. X.

Abramson, Prof. Harold A(lexander).
M.D., Columbia, 25. Asst. prof., Columbia
Univ., Xew York. X. Y. ( M2SF33R3.O-
M35F33. X.

Abreu, Dr. Benedict Ernest. M.S., Cali-
fornia. 37 ; Ph.D.. 30. [nstr.. Dept. Phar-
macology, Univ. Oklahoma School Med..
Oklahoma City. Okla. M40. NpFC.

Acconci, Prof. Themistocles F. D. M.S..
Manhattan. 31; M.A.. Columbia, 37- Asst.
prof, biology, Manhattan Col.. Xew York,
X. Y. M38. GFQ.

Achilles, Dr. Edith Mulhall. M.A., Colum-
bia, 15; Ph.D., 18. Private consultant, 530
E. 86th St.. Xew York. X. Y. M22L25F2S.

IQ.

Achilles, Dr. Paul Strong. M.A., Colum-
bia, 16; Ph.D., 2S. First vice pres. and
gen. mgr., Psychological Corp.; lecturer,
Columbia Univ.. Xew York, X. Y. M27-
F28. IKQ.

Achinstein, Dr. Asher. M.A., Columbia,

2?; Ph.D., 27. 46 W. 83rd St., Xew York.

X. Y. M35F35. AK.

Ackerman, A(dolph) J(ohn). Tennessee

Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tenn. M36-

R36. M.

Ackerman, Mrs. Ethel Serviss. A.B., Vas-

sar, oS. Durie Ave., Closter, X. J. L25.

ADB.

Ackerman. Dr. Lloyd. M.S., Michigan, 24:

Ph.D., 25. Asst. prof, biology, Western

Reserve Univ.. Cleveland, Ohio. (3012

Glenwood Road. Cleveland Heights) M25-

V^. FX.

Ackerson, Dr. C(lifton) W(alter). M.Sc,
Minnesota. 22; Ph.D., Nebraska. 26. Act-
ing charge, Dept. Agric. Chemistry, Univ.
Xebraska Agric. Exp. Sta., Lincoln,
Xebr. (3928 Dudley St.) M30F33. CO.

Ackerson, Dr. Luton. Inst. Juvenile Res.,
Chicago, 111. M27F31R35. 1.

Ackert, Dr. J(ames) E(dward). A.M.. Illi-
nois. 11; Ph.D.. 13. Dean Div. Graduate

Study, prof, zoology, and parasitologist at
Exp. Sta.. Kansas State Col.. Manhattan.
Kans. (1023 Leavenworth St. I M11F15. F.

Ackley, Dr. Alma B(ernice). M.S.. Michi-
gan, J-t : Ph.D.. Ohio State, 30. Asst. prof..
Wayne Univ., Detroit. Mich. (630 Mer-
rick St.) (M31R3.UM40. G.

Acquarone, Dr. Paul. Ph.D.. Johns Hop-
kins, 20. Assoc, prof, biology, Unix.
\kron. Akron. Ohio. (1558 Alton Drive)
M35F35. G.

Acree, Ellen Gray (Mrs. Harmon Monroe
Radley). M.A.. George Washington, 39.
Res. assoc, George Washington Univ.
School Med.. Washington. D. C. (1600
31M St. XW.) M36F38. X.

Acree. Mrs. Ruby J. Asst. pathologist,
U. S. Bur. Plant Industry, Washington,
D. C. ( 1841 Summit Place XW.) M34F34.
GO.

Acuna, Julian B. Ingeniero agronomo,
Habana, 30. Jefe dpto., Botany and Ge-
netica, Est. Exp. Agronomical prof, de
suelos. Escuala Forestal, Cienaga. Habana,
Cuba. M311F40. G( ).

Adair, Dr. C(harles) Roy. M.S.. Michigan
State. .^2; Ph.D.. Wisconsin, 30. Asst.
agronomist. Rice Branch Exp. Sta.. U. S.

Bur. Plant Industry, Stuttgart. Ark. M38-

F40. OG.

Adair. Dr. Frank E(arl). M.D., Johns
Hopkins, 15; D.Sc. Marietta. 34- Attend-
ing surgeon and executive officer. Memo-
rial Hosp.; assoc. prof, clinical surgery,
Cornell Univ. Med. Col., Xew York, X. Y.
(75 E. 71st St.) M37F38. NQ.

Adamo, Martin Eugene. Hotel Statler,
Boston, Mass. M35R35. XCG.

Adams, Prof. A(my) Elizabeth. M.A.,
Columbia, 18; Ph.D., Yale, 23. Prof, zool-
ogy. Mt. Holyoke Col., South Hadley,
Mass. M19F21. FX'.

Individual Mem bers

210

Adams, Arthur H(erman). M33F32D38.
MBK.

Adams, Prof. Arthur S(tanton). M.A.,
California. 26; Sc.D., Colorado School
Mines, 27. Prof, mechanics, Colorado
School Mines. Golden, Colo. (121s [6th
St. 1 M34F34. M.

Adams, Prof. Bristow. 202 Fall Creek
Drive. Ithaca, N.Y. M28R32. O.

Adams, C. Robert. 62 Farragut Ave., Pied-
mont, Calif. M36R36.

Adams, Dr. Charles C(hristopher). M.S.,
Harvard, 99; Ph.D., Chicago, 08; Sc.D.,
Illinois Wesleyan, 20. Dir., New York
State Mus., Albany, N.Y. M01F03. FK.

Adams, Dr. Charles Frederick. M.D.,

Kansas, 02; A.M., 03. Dir. Labs., State

Board Health, lefferson Citv, Mo. M04-
F31. FN.

Adams, Charles H. Sec, Merchants Ex-
change, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. (120
24th Ave.) (M26F32R35)M3/F32. D.

Adams, Dr. Comfort A(very). D.E., Case.
25 ; Lehigh. Consulting engineer, Edward
G. Budd Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa., Bab-
cock and Wilcox Co., New York, N. Y.,
Okonite Co., Passaic, N. J., and Okonite
Calendar Co., Patterson, N. J. (436 W.
Stafford St., Germantown, Philadelphia,
Pa.) M98F10. BMQ.

Adams, E. W. 100 Montclair Ave., Mont-
clair, N. J. M25.

Adams, Edwin Learned. B.S., California.
08. Vice pres., Gen. Petroleum Corp. Cali-
fornia. Los Angeles. Calif. (1712 Milan
Ave., South Pasadena, Calif.) M18L26.
MFG.

Adams, Prof. E(dwin) P(limpton). S.M..
Harvard, 01; Ph.D., 04; Sc.D., Beloit, 31.
Prof, physics, Princeton Univ., Princeton,
N. J. ( Edgerstoune) M07F10. B.

Adams, Dr. Elliot Q(uincy). Ph.D., Cali-
fornia, 14. Physical chemist, Lamp Dept..
(ien. Electric Co., Nela Park, Cleveland,
Ohio. (3535 Edison Road, Cleveland
Heights) M25F27. CBI.

Adams, Miss Esther (Flora). M.A., Mis-
souri, 27. Instr. biological sciences, Mn-
berlv Junior Col., Moberlv, Mo. (700 Gil-
man St.) M28. GF.

Adams, Prof. Frank. A.M.. Nebraska, 06.
Prof, irrigation investigations and prac-
tice, L^niv. California; irrigation econo-
mist, Univ. California Agric. Exp. Sta.,
Berkelev, Calif. (18^1 San [nan Ave.)
M24F31. EOK.

Adams, Dr. Frank D(awson). Ph.D.,
Heidelberg, 92; D.Sc, McGill, 02; LL.D..
Toronto, 16, Queen's, 19. Emeritus vice
principal, McGill Univ., Montreal, Que,,
Canada. (1173 Mountain St.) M08F10. E.

Adams, Frederick C(arhart). M01D39. CQ.

Adams, Dr. F(rederick) J(oseph). M.A.,
California, 22; Ed.D., 27. Assoc, prof, ed-
ucational psychology, Univ. Texas, Aus-
tin, Tex. M31F34. QUI.

Adams, G(eorge) E(dward). M.Agr..
Rhode Island State, 16. Dean emeritus,
Rhode Island State Col. School Agric,
Kingston, R. I. M14F25. O.

Adams, Miss Georgian. M.A., Nebraska.
19; D.Sc, Johns Hopkins, 28. Assoc
home economist, U. S. Dept. Agric. Of-
fice Exp. Stas., Washington, D. C. (2713
Chelsea Terrace, Windsor Hills, Balti-
more, Md.) M30F38. C.

Adams, Prof. Henry F(oster). Ph.D..
Chicago, 10. Prof, psychology, Univ.
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (2000 Day
St.) M25F28. I.

Adams, Dr. J(ames) Alfred. M.S., Iowa
State, 3^\ Ph.D., 35. Instr. zoology. Grin-
nell Col., Grinnell, Iowa. M38. F.

Adams, Dr. J(ames) F(owler). M.Sc.
Pennsylvania State, 14; Ph.D., Columbia,
16. Mgr. agric. chems., Gen. Chem. Co.,
New York. N. Y. M13F16. FG.

Adams, James Richardson. B.S., Pennsyl-
vania. Supt. Special Products Dept., The
Midvale Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (Hatboro.
Pa.) M36. MBA.

Adams, Prof. John Mead. A.M., Harvard.
05; Ph.D., 07. Assoc prof, physics, Univ.
California, Los Angeles, Calif. M18F25.
BQ-

Adams, Dr. John Q(uincy). A.M., Mis-
souri, 25; Ph.D.. 30. Assoc prof, geogra-
phy, Univ. Missouri, Columbia, Mo. M36-
F36. EKQ.

Adams, John W(agstaff). P.O. Box 21.
(■olden. Colo. (?) M38R39. E.

Adams, L(eason) H. B.S., Illinois, 06.
Dir.. Geophysical Lab., Carnegie Inst.
Washington, Washington, D. C. (Bradley
Blvd. and Burdette Road, Bethesda, Md.)
M40. C.

Adams, Leland D. 310 Sansome St., San
Francisco, Calif. M36R36. BCE.

Adams, Dr. L(everett) A(llen). A.M..
Kansas. 06: Ph.D., Columbia, 15. Prof,
/.oology and curator Mus. Natural His-
tory. Univ. Illinois, Urbana, 111. (401
Vermont St.) M14F21. FG.

Adams, Miss Marian. Albion Col., Albion.

Mich. M39-

Adams, Dr. Maxwell. M06F09D39. QLC.

Adams, Dr. Numa P(ompilius) G(arfield).
A.M., Columbia. 12; M.D., Rush. 24. Dean
and prof, medicine. Howard Univ. Col.
Med., Washington, D. C. M37F38. NC.

Adams, Dr. Oscar S(herman). A.M., Ken-
yon, 15; Sc.D., 22. Senior mathema-
tician, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Washington, D. C. (727 Massachusetts
Ave. NE.) M24F27. ABF.

220

Directory of Members

Adams, Dr. Philip D(elmar). M.S., Penn-
sylvania State, 30; Ph.D., Cincinnati, 35.
Dir. research, Andrew Jergens Co., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. M38. CN.

Adams, Dr. Porter H. M.S., Norwich, 33.
Pres., Norwich Univ., Northfield, Vt. M30.
NMC.

Adams, Prof. Richard L. M.S., California,
10. Prof, farm management and agric.
economist, Agric. Exp. Sta. and Giannini
Foundation, Univ. California Col. Agric,
Berkeley, Calif. M35F3S. O.

Adams, Robert Winthrop. E.E., Worces-
ter Polytechnic Inst., 08. District mgr..
Central Sta. Dept., Gen. Electric Co., Bos-
ton, Mass. M39. M.

Adams, Dr. Roger. A.M., Harvard, 10;
Ph.D., u; D.Sc, Brooklyn Polytechnic
Inst., 35. Head Chemistry Dept., Univ.
Illinois, Urbana, 111. (603 Michigan Ave.)
M17F22. C. Vice president for Section on
Chemistry (C), 1927.

Adams, Dr. Roy H. M.A., George Pea-
body; Ph.D. Assoc, prof, biology, State
Teachers Col., Nacogdoches, Tex. M36.
FG.

Adams, Dr. Sidney. M.S., Washington, 30;
Ph.D., California, 33. Res. asst., Person-
nel Dept., Tennessee Valley Authority,
Knoxville, Term. (3705 Sutherland Ave.)
M39. I.

Adams, Theodore (Giffin). M.A., Colum-
bia. 199 8th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. M39- F,

Adams, Mrs. Thomas. 30 E. 60th St.,
New York, N. Y. M29.

Adams, Dr. Thomas Caldwell. Ph.D., Cor-
nell, 27. 242 S. 12th East St., Salt Lake
City, Utah. M35F40. MBO.

Adams, Dr. Walter S(ydney). M.A., Chi-
cago, 00: Sc.D., Dartmouth, 13, Colum-
bia, 26;'LL.D., Pomona, 26. Dir., Mt.
Wilson Observatory, Carnegie Inst. Wash-
ington, Pasadena, Calif. M17F18. DBA.
Vice president for Section on Astronomy
(D), 1927. President of Pacific Division,
1929.

Adams, William A. 2235 N. 75th Ave.,
Elmwood Park, 111. M25. H.

Adams, William B. 432 S. Walnut St.,
Bloomington, Ind. M38R38. G.

Adams, William E(ugenius). M.S., North
Carolina State, 36. Asst. agronomist, U. S.
Soil Conservation Service, Franklinton,
N. Car. (115 Cheatham St.) M38. OGE.

Adams, Dr. W(illiam) Lloyd. M.A., Ph.D.,
Western Reserve. Instr. Physiology and
pharmacology, Albany Med. Col., Albany,
N. Y. (357 Morris St.) M40. Np.

Adams, Prof. W(illiam) R(itchie). M.S.,
Vermont, 28; Ph.D., Yale, 35. Assoc, prof,
botany and forestry, Univ. Vermont; for-
ester. Vermont Agric. Exp. Sta., Burling-
ton, Vt. (36 Overlake Park) M29F33. GO.

Adamson, George H(eesen), Mgr., Time
Lab., Tecumseh, Mich. M40. DBA.

Adamson, William Henry. P.O. Box 461,
Huntsville, Tex. M33R35. BA.

Adamstone, Dr. Frank Bolton. Univ. Illi-
nois, Urbana, 111. M27F33R36. F.

Adanalian, Miss Alice. 87 S. Broadwav.
Yonkers, N. Y. M31R33. HIK.

Addicks, J(ohn) E(dward). Powhatan
Hotel, Washington, D. C. (?) M37R37-
MHE.

Addicott, Dr. F(rederick) T(aylor). Ph.D.,

California Inst. Tech., 39. Instr., Santa
Barbara State Col.. Santa Barbara. Calif.
M37. GFN.

Addie, Dr. Charles Barton. Central Med.
Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. M33R33. NHQ.

Addinall, Dr. C(arl) R(upert). M.A., Har-
vard, 26; Ph.D., 30. Dir. Library Services
Bur., Merck and Co., Inc., Rahwav, N. J.
M38. CNB.

Addington, Prof. L(awrence) H(amilton).
M.S., Michigan State. New Mexico A. and
M. Col., State College, N. Mex. M38F40.
OFC.

Addison, Herbert. 1445 Detroit St., Den-
ver. Colo. M19R36. EGM.

Addison, Prof. William H(enry) Fitz-
gerald). M.D., Toronto, 17. Prof, normal
histology and embryology, Univ. Pennsyl-
vania School Med., Philadelphia, Pa.
M08F13. FN.

Addleman, (Addison) Perry. 105 S. La-
Salle St., Chicago, 111. (?) M36R37. ABD.

Addoms, Dr. Ruth M(argery). M.A.,
Wellesley, 21; Ph.D., Wisconsin, 26. Asst.
prof, botany, Duke Univ., Durham, N.
Car. M26F27. GO.

Ade, Lester K(elly). 2 Howe St., New
Haven, Conn. M30R33. QK1.

Adelson, Dr. David E. M.S., Ph.D., Flor-
ida. 2535 Le Conte Ave., Berkeley, Calif.
M38. CB.

Adkins, Dr. Homer (Burton). M.A., Ohio
State, 16; Ph.D., 18. Prof, chemistry,
Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (2103
Rowley Ave.) M29F32. C.

Adkisson, Prof. C(harles) N. 11 12 Bell
Ave., Denton, Tex. M34F34R36. B.

Adkisson, Dr. Virgil W(illiam). 523
StorerSt.,Fayetteville,Ark. M27F33R39. A.

Adler, Dr. Charles. 97? Fox St., New
York, N. Y. M21R33. N.

Adler, Dr. Cyrus. M04F06D40. L.

Adler, Dr. Herman M(orris). M08F15D35.
CIN.

Adler, Dr. Joseph L(eopold). Ph.D., Chi-
cago, 30. Pres., Independent Prospecting
Co.. Houston, Tex. M32F33. EB.

Individual Members

221

Adler, Dr. Leon Nathaniel. A.M., Ph.D.,
Heidelberg, 83. Proprietor (retired), Ad-
ler Color and Chem. Works, New York,
N. Y. (325 West End Ave.) M06F09. C.

Adolph, Dr. Edward F(rederick). Ph.D.,
Harvard, 20. Assoc, prof, physiology,
Univ. Rochester School Med. and Den-
tistry, Rochester, N. Y. M27F30. NF.

Adolph, Dr. William H(enry). Ph.D.,
Pennsylvania, 15. Prof. biochemistry,
Yenching Univ., Peiping, China. M35F33.
CN.

Adriance, Dr. Guy W(ebb). Ph.D., Mich-
igan State, 29. Head, Dept. Horticulture,
Texas A. and M. Col., College Station,
Tex. M39. O.

Adriano, Prof. F(elipe) T. 660 Echague
St., Quiapo, Manila, P. I. M34F34R34. C.

Adsit, Charles G. M08D — . M.

Affel, Herman Andrew. B.S., Massachu-
setts Inst. Tech., 14. Asst. dir. transmis-
sion development, Bell Telephone Labs.,
Inc., New York, N. Y. (827 Morningside
Road, Ridgewood, N. J.) M34F34. M.

Africano, Alfred. M.E., Stevens Inst.
Tech., 29. Asst. engineer, Interborough
Rapid Transit Co., New York, N. Y. (43
Bennett Ave., Yonkers, N. Y.) M36.
MBD.

Agar, Dr. William M(acdonough). M.A.,
Princeton, 20; Ph.D., 22. Headmaster,
Newman School, Lakewood, N. J. M38. E.

Agard, Prof. H(arry) L(eslie). M.A.,
Yale, 08; Ph.D., 11. Prof, mathematics,
Williams Col., Williamstown, Mass. M18-
F33- A.

Agatha, Sister Mary (See Sister Mary
Agatha Stratman).

Agee, H(amilton) P(ope). Castle and
Cooke, Honolulu, Hawaii. M32F33. O.

Agersborg, Dr. H(elmer) P. K. M.S.,
Washington, 16; A.M., Columbia, 20;
Ph.D., Illinois, 23. Centralia, 111. M19F2S.
FGN.

Agharkar, Prof. S(hankar) P(urushat-
tam). M.A., Bombay, 09; Ph.D., Berlin,
19. Prof, botany, Calcutta Univ., Calcutta,
India. (35 Ballvganj Circular Road) M38.
GOE.

Aginsky, Dr. Bernard W(illard). M.A.,
New York, 32; Ph.D., Columbia, 34. Dir.
Field Lab. and instr., Washington Square
Col., New York Univ., New York, N. Y.
(8 W. 13th St.) (M 3 3R36)M 3 9- HKI.

Agnes, Sister M. (See Sister M. Agnes
Arvin).

Agnes, Sister Rose (See Sister Rose
Agnes Keyes).

Agnew, Dr. Donald C. M.A., Duke, 32;
Ph.D., 36. Acting head Dept. Education,
Psychology and Philosophy; registrar,
and acting dean, Coker Col., Hartsville.
S. Car. M39. IQ.

Agnew, J(ames) Carson. E.M., Columbia.
Vice pres., Winston Bros. Co., Minneapo-
lis, Minn. (612 Landor Lane, Pasadena,
Calif.) M17F32. M.

Agnew, Dr. Paul Gough. M.A., Michigan,
02; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 11. Sec, Amer.
Standards Assoc, New York, N. Y. (325
E. 72nd St.) M04F10. BM.

Agnew, Prof. Ralph P. M.S., Iowa, 25;
Ph.D., Cornell, 30. Prof, mathematics,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. M35F35. A.

Agnew, Dr. R(obert) Gordon. D.D.S.,

Toronto, 21; M.Sc, 34; L.D.S., Royal Col.
Dental Surgery, 21. Head Dept. Oral
Biological Sciences, Col. Med. and
Dentistry; chairman Section Parodont-
ology, Dental Clinic, Col. Med. and
Dentistry; prof, pathology, West China
Union Univ., Chengtu, Szechwan, West
China. M39. Nd.

Agnita, Sister Mary (See Sister Mary Ag-
nita Reuter).

Agostinho, Lt. Col. J(ose). Caixa Postal
17, Angra do Herosimo, Azores Islands.
M30. EBF.

Agramonte, Alberto. Simbron 3191, Bue-
nos Aires, Argentina, S. A. M17R33. M.

Agrelius, Frank U(lysses) G(rant). 1501
Rural St., Emporia, Kans. M36F31R39.
FG.

Agruss, Dr. Meyer S. Ph.D., Chicago, 35.
Res. chemist, Pure Oil Co., Chicago, 111.
(6423 N. Oakley St.) M38F38. CB.

Agthe, Fred(erick) Thomas. E.M., Le-
high, 09. Engineer cement plant design,
Allis Chalmers Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
(Knickerbocker Hotel) M36. M.

Aguerrevere, Santiago E(migdio). Sur 3,
No. 94, Caracas, Venezuela, S. A. M31.
ECM.

Aguilar, Prof. Felix. Ing. geog., La Plata,
10. Dir. Observatorio Astronomico, La
Plata, Argentina, S. A. M38. DE.

Aguilar, Ponciano. M17D — . ME.

Ahearn, Dr. Arthur J(ohn). Ph.D., Min-
nesota, 31. Member tech. staff, Bell Tele-
phone Labs., Inc., New York, N. Y. M36-
F38. B.

Ahearn, John M(aurice). M.S., Oregon,
32. In charge West Div. Photogrammetric
Lab., U. S. Agric Adjustment Adminis-
tration, Salt Lake City, Utah. M38. BM.

Ahern, Col. George P. 2227 20th St. NW.,
Washington, D. C. M24F31R37. O.

Ahern, Rev. Michael J(oseph). Weston
Col., Weston, Mass. M06F15R36. E.

Ahrens, Dr. Theodor G. 69 Rue des Eausc
Vires, Geneva, Switzerland. M22R37. EFG.

Aicher, L. C. Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta.,
Hays, Kans. M31R32. OE.

222

Dl RECTORY OF MEMBERS

Aiguier, Dr. James E(dward). D.D.S..
Pennsylvania, 17. Asst. prof, oral hygiene,
dir. courses oral hygiene and lecturer ma-
teria medica, Univ. Pennsylvania School
Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa. M40. Nd.

Aiken, Charles W. M17D36. MPC.

Aikins, Prof. H(erbert) Austin. Ph.D..
Yale, 91. Prof, emeritus philosophy. West-
ern Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio. (2611
Edgehill Road) M07F10. IQH.

Aikman, Dr. J(ohn) M(ulvaney). A.M.,
Nebraska Wesleyan, 21 ; Ph.D., Nebraska,
28. Assoc, prof, botany, Iowa State Col.;
project supervisor, U. S. Soil Conserva-
tion Service, Ames, Iowa. M26F31. GOC.

Ainslie, Charles N(icolas). M08F14D39. F.

Aird, Dr. John William. M.D., California.
(13. 112 E. Center St., Provo, Utah. (M18-
R 3 6)M38. N.

Aitken, Dr. Robert G(rant). M.A., Wil-
liams, 92; Sc.D., Williams, 17, Pacific, 03,
Arizona, 23; LL.D., California, 35. Dir.
and astronomer emeritus, Lick Observa-
tory, Univ. California, Mt. Hamilton,
Calif. (1109 Spruce St., Berkeley, Calif.)
M03F06. DA. Vice president for Section on
Astronomy (D), 1926. President of Pacific
Division, 1926.

Aitken, Robert T(homas). M.A., Hawaii,
23. Chartered life underwriter, Home Ins.
Co. Hawaii, Ltd., Honolulu. Hawaii. M 18. H.

Aitken, Thomas H(enry) G(ardiner).
B.S., California, 35. Teaching asst. en-
tomology, Univ. California, Berkeley,
Calif. (615 Middlefield Road, Palo Alto,
Calif.) M38. FN.

Akeley, Prof. Lewis E(llsworth). 124 N.
University St., Vermillion, S. Dak. M22-
F31R36. BKM.

Akeley, Dr. Mary L. Jobe (Mrs. Carl).
Amer. Mus. Natural History. New York.
X. Y. M29R39- FH.

Akerman, Prof. Clement. Reed Col., Port-
land, Oreg. M31R36. K.

Akeroyd, Joseph H(enry). M.S., Ohio
State, 37. Res. chemist and hematologist,
Dept. Med., Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
Ohio. M40. NC.

Akers, Fred Haffly. S.B., Michigan, 14-
Instr., Austin High School. Chicago. 111.
(5830 Fulton St.) M25. DE.

Akin, Dr. Charles V(ivian). U. S. Quar-
antine Sta., Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.
M32R35. N-

Albaum, Harry G. Brooklyn Col., Brook-
lyn, N. Y. M34R34. FGC.

Albers, Bert (Fred). 5435 Woodward Ave.,
Detroit, Mich. M34. M.

Albers, Dr. C(arl) C(larence). Ph.D.,
Wisconsin, 36. Assoc, prof, pharmacy.
Univ. Texas. Austin, Tex. M37F38. GCNp.

Albert, Dr. A(braham) Adrian. Unix. Chi-
cago, Chicago, 111. M34F34R34. A.

Albert, Prof. A(rthur) R(obert). B.S..

Wisconsin, 15. Asst. prof, soils, Univ.
Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (Hancock,
Wis.) M34F34- O.

Albert, Major Edward J(ohn). Gen. mgr..
Thwing-Albert Instrument Co.. Philadel-
phia, Pa. ( 1008 E. Rittenhouse St.) M40. M .

Albert, Dr. Kurt. Humboldstr 29, Wies-
baden, Germany. M38R38. CBM.

Albert, Prof. O(rrin) W(ilson). A.M.. Co-
lumbia, 11; Ph.D., Washington, 31. Prof,
mathematics, Univ. Redlands, Redlands.
Calif. (620 Buena Vista St.) M28F33. A.

Albert, Dr. W(illard) B(enjamin). M.S.,

Wisconsin, 24; Ph.D., 26. Assoc, plant

physiologist, South Carolina Exp. Sta..
Clemson, S. Car. M28F28. GO.

Alberts, Dr. H(ugo) W(illiam). M.S..
Wisconsin, 20; Ph.D., Wisconsin, 26, Illi-
nois, 26, Harvard. 26. Agronomist charge
res. sta., \J. S. Soil Conservation Service.
Rio Piedras, P. R. M27F31. OG.

Albertson, Dr. F(red) W(illiam). A.M..
Missouri. 30; Ph.D., Nebraska, 37- Prof,
botany and chairman graduate council.
Fort Hays Kansas State Col., Hays, Kans.
(M3-R37)M 4 o. GO.

Albertson, M(aurice) M(erton). Shell Pe-
troleum Corp., Houston, Tex. M20R35. E.

Albin, T(homas) C(arlton). Forest Prod-
ucts Chem. Co., Memphis, Tenn. M2yR.V>.
CM.

Albrech, Maximilian Claud. A.B., Cornell,
06. Chief chemist, R. T. French Co..
Rochester, N. Y. (34 Iroquois St.) M39. C.

Albrecht, George M(oritz). E.E.. Minne-
sota. 06; LL.B., George Washington, r;.
Member firm. Freeman, Sweet and Al-
brecht. Cleveland. Ohio. M12. BM.

Albrecht, Dr. Sebastian. Ph.D., California.
26. 208 Delaware Ave., Delmar. N. Y.
M02F06. D.

Albrecht, Dr. William A(lbert). M.S., Illi-
nois, 15; Ph.D., 19. Prof, soils, Univ. Mis-
souri Col. Agric; chairman Dept. Soils.
Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta., Columbia. Mo.
M18F24. OCG.

Albright, Charles E. M23R33D— . BCD.

Albright, Dr. C(harles) L(eonard). Univ.
Richmond. Richmond, Va. (M34F34R35)
M39F34R39. BCI.

Albright, Dr. John G(rover). M.S.. Ohio
State, 16; Ph.D., Chicago, 33. Asst. prof,
physics, Case School Applied Science,
Cleveland, Ohio. (M29R32)M39F40. B.

Albright, Dr. Penrose S(trong). M.S.,
Wisconsin, 29; Ph.D., 36. Chairman Div.
Natural Science; prof, physical chemistry
and dir. civilian pilot training, South-
western Col., Winfield, Kans. (Q02 E. oth
St.) (M26F3 3 R3S)M39F33- CB.

Individual Members

223

Albright, Raymond W. A.R., Wisconsin,
17. PR.es., Amor. Anode, Inc. Akron,
( )hio. M39. C.

Albright, W(illiam) D(onald). Beaver-
lodge, Alta.. Canada. M30R39. OEK.

Albritton, Dr. Claude C(arrol), Jr. M.A.,
Harvard, 34: Ph.D.. 36. Asst. prof, geol-
ogy. Southern Methodist Univ., Dallas,
Tex. (3436 University Blvd.) M37F39. EF.

Albritton, Dr. Errett C(yril). M.D., Johns
Hopkins, 21. Prof, physiology, George
Washington Univ. School Med., Washing-
ton. D. C. (518 Cumberland Ave., Somer-
set, Chevy Chase, Md.) M34F34. N.

Albro, Miss Helen T(ucker). A.M., Brown,
23; Ph.D., 27. Head Biology Dept., Spel-
man Col., Atlanta, Ga. M25F33. F.

Alcock. Dr. Nathaniel G(raham). M.A.,
Northwestern, 08; M.D., 12. Box 508,
Iowa City, Iowa. M24. X.

Aldecoa, Dr. Eladio R. D.D.S., D.M.D.,
Philippines. Pres. and dean, Col. Oral and
Dental Surgery, Manila, P. I. M40. Xdl.

Alden, Dr. B(ertram) F(rancis). M21D— .
NF.

Alden, Dr. Harold L(ee). M.S., Chicago,
13; Ph.D., Virginia, 17. Asst. prof, as-
tronomy, Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.;
astronomer charge Yale Univ. Observa-
tory Southern Sta., Johannesburg, S. Af-
rica. M21F23. DBA.

Alderman, Dr. W(illiam) H(orace). 1380
Raymond Ave., St. Paul, Minn. (M10F1S-
R 3 2)M3sFi8. OG.

Alderson, Wroe. A.B., George Washing-
ton. Market analyst, Curtis Publishing
Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (18 Buck Lane,
Haverford, Pa.) M40. K.

Aldinger, Miss Lenore. 207 N. Murray St.,
Madison, Wis. (?) M35R37. G.

Aldous, Dr. A(lfred) E(van). M38D38,
OG.

Aldred, Dr. J(acob) W(illiam) H(uber).
M.A., Indiana, 20; Ph.D., 29. Senior chem-
ist, Dept. Chem. Engng., Tennessee Valley
Authority, Wilson Dam, Ala. M34F34. C.

Aldrich, Dr. C(harles) Anderson. 1189
Oaklev Ave.. Winnetka, 111. M36R36.
XQI.

Aldrich, James Madison. Ph.B., Brown,
10. Teacher. Park School, Brookline,
Mass. (270 Boylston St.) M39. CA.

Aldrich, Dr. John A(bram). M.S., Mich-
igan, 15; Ph.D., 23. Prof, physics and as-
tronomy, Oglethorpe University, Ga.
(M2 4 F26R32)M39F26. DBA.

Aldrich, Dr. John Warren. Ph.D., West-
ern Reserve, 37. Curator ornithology,
Cleveland Mus. Natural Historv, Cleve-
land, Ohio. M40. FG.

Aldrich, Loyal Blaine. M.A.. Wisconsin.
09. Asst. dir. Astrophysical Observatory,
Smithsonian Inst.. Washington, I). C.
M09F15. Bl).

Aldrich, Paul P(ackard). B.S., North-
western, 27. Chemist. Krey Packing Co..
St. Louis, Mo. (.4318 Rosalie St.) M31. C.

Aldrich, Mrs. Richard. 117 W. 74th St.,
New York. X. Y. M13.

Aldrich, Dr. Willard W(alker). Ph.D..
Maryland, 30. Senior horticulturist, U. S.
Dept. Agric, Tndio, Calif. (M35F35R37)-
M39F35. OG.

Aleck, Dr. Adolph William. M.A., Clark,
26; Ph.D., Xew York, 31. Evansville Col.,
Evansville, Ind. M29. Ql.

Alexander, Brother (See Brother Major
Alexander).

Alexander, Dr. A(lexander) E(mil). Mel-
lon Inst. Industrial Res., Pittsburgh, Pa.
M34F34R38. E.

Alexander, Miss Alida. A.M., Michigan,
13. Prof, biology, MacMurray Col.
Women, Jacksonville, 111. M28. G.

Alexander, Prof. Carter. A.M., Missouri.
08; Ph.D., Columbia, 10. Library prof.,
Columbia Univ. Teachers Col., X T ew York,
X. Y. M11F15. Q.

Alexander, Charles A(nderson). M.E.,
Cornell, 97. 1260 Clover Road, Rochester,
N. Y. M29. MOK.

Alexander, Charles Ivan. M.S., Texas
Christian, 26; Ph.D., Princeton, 28. Dis-
trict geologist, Magnolia Petroleum Co.,
Tyler, Tex. M25F33. EF.

Alexander, Dr. Charles K(irkwood). Ph.D.,
California Inst. Tech., 37. Asst. prof, and
acting chairman Mathematics Dept., Oc-
cidental Col., Los Angeles, Calif. (588
Perm St., Pasadena, Calif.) M40. AB.

Alexander, Dr. Charles P(aul). Ph.D.,
Cornell, 18. Prof, entomology and head
Dept. Entomology and Zoology-, Massa-
chusetts State Col., Amherst, Mass. M18-
F26. F.

Alexander, Chester S. M.A., Chicago.
Seminole Hotel, Fulton, Mo. M37. HIK.

Alexander, D(aniel) Basil W(illiam).
M06F15D38. CM.

Alexander, Dr. Duncan L. M29D38. NIL.

Alexander, Prof. (Edward) Gordon. M.A..
Princeton, 25; Ph.D., 31. Prof, biology
and head Dept., Univ. Colorado, Boulder,
Colo. (765 14th St.) M22F33. FG.

Alexander, Eleanor G. (See Eleanor Alex-
ander Jackson).

Alexander, Dr. Franz (Gabriel). M.D.,
Budapest, 12. Dir. Inst. Psychoanalysis;
assoc. prof, psychiatry, Univ. Illinois Col.
Med.; member attending staff, Cook
County Psvchopathic Hosp., Chicago, 111.
M36F38. XI.

224

Directory of Members

Alexander, Dr. Frederick (Archibald
Duncan). M.D.,C.M., Queen's, 33. Dir.
anestnesia, Albany Hosp. ; assoc. prof,
anesthesia and assoc. physiology and
pharmacology, Albany Med. School, Al-
bany, N. Y. M40. NpDL.

Alexander, Dr. Harry L. 310 Skinker
Road, St. Louis, Mo. M31R32. N.

Alexander, Dr. Hugh S(tuart). A.M., Min-
nesota, 05; Ph.D., 31. Prof, geology, Mac-
alester Col., St. Paul, Minn. (1710 Port-
land Ave.) M08. EB.

Alexander, Dr. Ida M(ary). M32D35.
NIF.

Alexander, Dr. J. W. 29 Cleveland Lane,
Princeton, N. J. M24F25. A.

Alexander, Jerome. M.Sc, College City
New York, 99. Consulting chemist and
chem. engineer, 50 E. 41st St., New York,
N. Y. (320 Riverside Drive) M17F22.
CMB.

Alexander, Dr. Kliem. M.A., George Pea-
body, 28; Ph.D., Iowa, 38. Assoc, prof,
chemistry, West Texas State Col., Canyon,
Tex. M40. C.

Alexander, Dr. Leonard J(ay). M.S., Wis-
consin, 28; Ph.D., 34. Assoc, plant pa-
thologist, Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta., Wooster,
Ohio. M33F38. GO.

Alexander, Dr. Lloyd E(phraim). Ph.D.,
Rochester, 36. Asst. prof, biology, Fisk
Univ., Nashville, Tenn. M39. FGN.

Alexander, Prof. L(owell) M(elville).
M.A., Cincinnati, 17; Ph.D., 25. Prof,
physics, Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati,
Ohio. M39F40. BAM.

Alexander, Miss Lucy M(aclay). B.S., Illi-
nois, 24. Assoc, home economics special-
ist, U. S. Bur. Home Economics, Wash-
ington, D. C. (2801 Adams Mill Road)
M35F35- C.

Alexander, Dr. Lyle T(homas). Ph.D.,
Maryland, 35. Chemist, U. S. Bur. Plant
Industry, Washington, D. C. (14 Quincey
St., Hyattsville, Md.) M39. OC.

Alexander, Brother Major. L.Sc, Mon-
treal, 29. Prof, biology, Mt. St. Louis
Col., and St. George Pedagogical Inst.,
Univ. Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada.
M31F32. GFN.

Alexander, Mrs. Marion Isely. 765 14th
St., Boulder, Colo. M28R38. FG.

Alexander, Dr. Max. M.D., Univ. and
Bellevue, 17. Asst. surgeon, Community
Hosp.; asst. gynecologist, St. Luke's
Hosp., New York, N. Y. (32 W. 82nd St.)
M29. NB.

Alexander, Thomas R. Carnegie Inst.
Tech., Pittsburgh, Pa. M35F35R37.

Alexander, Prof. William Henry. M.A.,
Virginia. Senior meteorologist (retired),
U. S. Weather Bur., Columbus, Ohio.
(Hotel Normandie) M23F25. B.

Alexanderson, Dr. Ernst F(redrik)
W(erner). Sc.D., Union, 26; Ph.D., Up-
sala (Sweden). Consulting engineer, Gen.
Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. (8
Adams Road) M29F29. MKI.

Aley, Dr. Robert J(udson). 425 E. 86th
St., New York, N. Y. M00F06R34. Q-

Alfaro, Heraclio. 138 Beacon St., Boston,
Mass. M36R37.

Alfend, Samuel. B.S., Washington Univ.,
23. Chemist, U. S. Food and Drug Admin-
istration, St. Louis, Mo. (5915 Cates Ave.)
M34F34. CNF.

Alfred, Brother Bernard (See Brother
Bernard Alfred Welch).

Alger, Dr. Harry B(utter). Ph.D., Cornell.
Chemist, Detroit Creamery Nat. Dairy
Products. Detroit, Mich. (13505 Griggs
Ave.) M40. CNO.

Alger, Dr. John L(incoln). 235 Doyle
Ave., Providence, R. I. M39R39. QAB.

Alger, Philip L(angdon). M.A., St. Johns
(Maryland), 15; M.S., Union, 20. Staff
asst. to vice pres. charge engng., Gen.
Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. (1758
Wendell Ave.) M29F31. MQK.

Alicata, Dr. Joseph E(verett). Zoology
Div., U. S. Bur. Animal Industry, Wash-
ington, D. C. M34F34R34. F.

Alinsky, Saul (David). 5553 Kimbark
Ave., Chicago, 111. M36R36. KHI.

Allaman, Mrs. Haidee H. 1453 Woodward
Ave., Lakewood, Ohio. M29R34. BDA.

Allan, Dr. D(enison) Maurice. A.M.,
Ph.D., Harvard. Prof, psychology and
ph.losophy, Hampden-Sydney Col., Hamp-
den-Sydney, Va. M39. I.

Allan, Dr. Frank N(athaniel). M.D., To-
ronto, 28. Physician, Dept. Internal Med.,
Lakey Clinic, Boston, Mass. (33 St. Paul
St., Brookline, Mass.) M29F33. NC.

Allan, Dr. Warde B(aunton). M.D..C.M.,
McGill. Assoc, medicine, Johns Hopkins
Univ. and Hosp., Baltimore, Md. (24 E.
Eager St.) M39. N.

Allan, Prof. William. M.C.E., Brooklyn
Polytechnic Inst., 32. Chairman Dept.
Civil Engng., The City Col., New York,
N. Y. (30-91 42nd St., Long Island City,
N. Y.) M36. MBQ.

Allard, Miss Lucile (Edna). State Normal
School, Oswego, N. Y. (?) M36R36. KI.

Allard, Romeo P(aul). M.S., Ph.D., Notre
Dame. 4189 Jackson Ave., Culver City,
Calif. M38. C.

Allardyce, Dr. William John. M.A., Brit-
ish Columbia, 21; Ph.D., McGill, 31- Asst.
prof, biology, Univ. British Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C, Canada. M39. NCG.

Alldredge, Dr. Rufus Henry. Hosp. Rup-
tured and Crippled, New York, N. Y. (?)
M37R37. N.

Individual Members

225

Allee, Prof. W(alter) G(oldsberry). Isi-
dore Newman School, New Orleans, La.
M19R35. CB.

Allee, W(arder) C(lyde). S.M., Chicago,
10; Ph.D., 12. Prof, zoology, Univ Chi-
cago, Chicago, 111. (5537 University Ave.)
M11F20. F. Secretary of Section on Zoology
(F), 1918.

Alleman, Dr. Gellert. Ph.D., Johns Hop-
kins, 97; Sc.D., Gettysburg, 25. Prof,
emeritus chemistry, Swarthmore Col.,
Swarthmore, Pa. (Wallingford, Pa.) Moi-
F09. C.

Allen, Miss Agnes (Morgan). M.A., Gree-
ley State Teachers, 25; M.A., Clark, 34;
Ph.D., 37. Assoc, prof, science and edu-
cation, State Teachers Col., Flagstaff,
Ariz. M3S. EHK.

Allen, Dr. Alexander J(ohn). Ph.D., New
York, 28. Assoc, prof., Dept. Physics,
Univ. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, Pa. (3955
Bigelow Blvd.) (M2 9 R32)M 3 7F38. BCN.

Allen, A(lfred) H(orace). 646 Fearl St.,
Boulder, Colo. M24L25. C.

Allen, Prof. Bennet M(ills). Ph.D., Chi-
cago, 03; D.Sc, DePauw. Prof, zoology,
Univ. California Los Angeles, Los An-
geles, Calif. (909 Micheltorena St.) M04-
F06. F.

Allen, Prof. Charles E(lmer). Ph.D., Wis-
consin, 04. Prof, botany, Univ. Wisconsin,
Madison, Wis. (2014 Chamberlin Ave.)
M05F08. G. Vice president for Section on
Botanical Sciences (G), 1928.

Allen, Prof. Charles Metcalf. M.S., Wor-
cester Polytechnic Inst., 99; D.Eng., 29.
Prof, hydraulic engineering and dir.
Alaen Hydraulic Lab., Worcester Poly-
technic Inst., Worcester, Mass. M02F33.
DMO.

Allen, Dr. Doris Twitchell. M.A., Maine,
26; Ph.D., Michigan, 30. Attending psy-
chologist, Children's Hosp. and Children's
Convalescent Home, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(Magnolia Ave., Glendale, Ohio) M31F33.
IFQ.

Allen, Dr. Durward L(eon). 115 Delano
St., Allegan, Mich. M38R38. FG.

Allen, E. Floyd. Ph.G., Philadelphia Col.
Phar.. 83. 230 Oak Grove St., Minneapo-
lis, Minn. M35. CHNp.

Allen, Prof. Edgar. A.M., Brown, 16;
Ph.D., 21 ; Sc.D., 36. Prof, anatomy, Yale
Univ. Med. School, New Haven, Conn.
(19 Ridgewood Ave., Hamden, Conn.)
M21F25. FX.

Allen, Dr. Ena A(lida). Zoology Div.,
U. S. Bur. Animal Industry, Washington,
D. C. M 3 2F 3 3R34- FN.

Allen, Miss Esther C(ampbell). M.S., Cal-
ifornia. 32. Clinical laboratory technician,
Camarillo State Hosp., Camarillo, Calif.
M30F33. NFC.

Allen, Dr. Ezra. A.M., Bucknell, 96; Sc.D.,
22; Ph.D., Pennsylvania, 14. Zoological
Lab., Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pa. (Route 2, Box 9iA, DeLand, Fla.)
M12F20. FGN.

Allen, Francis H(enry). Editor (retired),
Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. (215
La Grange St., West Roxbury, Mass.)
M23F33. F.

Allen, Frank W(illiam). 5030 Grand Cen-
tral Terminal, New York, N. Y. M28R32.

Allen, Frederick I. M29D38. E.

Allen, Dr. F(rederick) J(ohn). M.S., Pur-
due, 21 ; Ph.D., 30. Asst. prof, general
chemistry, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette,
Ind. M29F33. CBQ.

Allen, Dr. Frederick Madison. 1031 5th
Ave., New York, N. Y. M36F36R39. N.

Allen, George S(amuel). M.A.Sc, British
Columbia, 35. Asst. forester, British Co-
lumbia Forest Service, Victoria, B. C,
Canada. (3010 Balfour Ave.) M40F40.
GOC.

Allen, Dr. Glover Morrill. M.A., Harvard,
03; Ph.D., 04. Curator mammals, Mus.
Comparative Zoology, and prof, zoology,
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. M07-
F13. F.

Allen, Dr. Henry Butler. D.Sc, Temple.
38. Sec. and dir., Franklin Inst., Phila-
delphia, Pa. M39. M.

Allen, Prof. Herman Camp. A.M., Kansas,
05; Ph.D., Cornell, 12. Prof, chemistry,
Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. M18. C.

Allen, Howard. Treas.-sec. and tech. dir.,

D. D. Williamson and Co., Inc., Long
Island City, N. Y. M 3 9- CMN.

Allen, Dr. James H(arrill). M.D., Michi-
gan, 30; M.S., Iowa, 38. Asst. prof, oph-
thalmology, Univ. Iowa Col. Med., Iowa
City, Iowa. (715 River St.) M40. N.

Allen, Prof. John S(tuart). M.A., Minne-
sota, 29; Ph.D., New York, 36. Asst. prof,
astronomy and chairman physical science
survey, Colgate Univ., Hamilton, N. Y.
(29 Madison St.) (M3iF33R34)M37F33.
DAB.

Allen, Prof. Joseph. A.M., Harvard, 92.
Assoc, prof., The City Col., New York,
N. Y. M07F09. AKL.

Allen, Dr. Kenneth D. A. 452 Metropoli-
tan Bldg., Denver, Colo. M37R37. N.

Allen, Miss Leah B(rown). A.M., Welles-
lev, 12. Prof, astronomy, Hood Col., Fred-
erick, Md. M18F23. DEQ.

Allen, Dr. Leroy. M.A., Chicago, 20; Soc.
Sc.D., Oklahoma City, 30. Prof, religion,
Southwestern Col., Winfield. Kans. (1414

E. 4 th Ave.) M31F36. K.

Allen, Mrs. Madell Gille (Mrs. Frederick
H. Allen). M.S., Washington, 17. 3915
Henry St., Philadelphia, Pa. M39. FN.

_'_'<>

Directory of Members

Allen, Miss Mary. M24U37. QEI.

Allen, Miss Mary L. 64s Hickory St..
Kankakee, 111. M32R35. KCQ.

Allen, Maxwell W. Box 268, Porterville,
Calif. (?) M24F33R35. BDE.

Allen, Miss Mildred. A.M., Clark. 17;
Ph.D., 22. Assoc, prof, physics, Mt. Hol-
yoke Col., South Hadley. Mass. (88 Mont-
view St., W. Roxbury, Mass.) M23F30. B.

Allen, Dr. O(scar) N(elson). M.A., Texas.
27; Ph.D.. Wisconsin, 30. Assoc, prof,
bacteriology. Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu,
Hawaii. M31F33. G.

Allen, Prof. Ray (Leroi). M.A.. Mt. Alli-
son, 19. Prof, physics, Univ. Western On-
tario, London, Out., Canada. M40F40.
BAC.

Allen. Dr. Reginald B(ryant). M07F01)-
D38. ADM.

Allen, Robert McDowell. M.A., Kentucky,
10. Pres., Vigex, Inc., and Vitamin Food
Co.. Inc., New York, N. Y. M33. C.

Allen, R(olland) C(raten). M.A., Wiscon-
sin, oS ; D.Eng., Rensselaer Polytechnic
Inst., 39. Geologist; exec, vice pres., Ogle-
bav Norton and Co., Cleveland. Ohio.
(Aurora St., Hudson, Ohio.) M18F21. E.

Allen, Dr. Ruth F(lorence). M.A., Wis-
consin, 07; Ph.D., 00. 2709 Dwight Way,
Berkeley, Calif. M24l r 25. G.

Allen, Dr. Samuel (James Mcintosh).
M.A.S., McGill. 01 ; Ph.D.. Johns Hopkins,
06. Prof, experimental physics, Univ. Cin-
cinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. M31F32. B.

Allen, Mr. Shirley W(alter). M.F., Iowa
State, 29. Prof, forestry. Univ. Michigan.
Ann Arbor, Mich. (1302 Washtenaw Ter-
race) M29F31. O.

Allen, Dr. S(imeon) ■ C(arlyle). M.D.,
Tufts, 2~ . Dir. res.. Health Res. Founda-
tion; dermatologist. Liberty Mutual [ns.
Co., Boston, Mass. (615 Commonwealth
Ave., Newton Center, Mass.) M30. N.

Allen, Prof. Victor T(homas). M.S.. Min-
nesota, 22; Ph.D., California, 28. Prof, and
dir. geology, St. Louis Univ.. St. Louis.
Mo. M34F34. E.

Allen, Willard H. Du Pont Bldg., Wil-
mington, Del. M29R33. ('<>.

Allen, Dr. Willard M(yron). M.S.. R, .Ches-
ter, 21) ; M.D.. 32. Prof, obstetrics and
gynecology, Washington Univ. School
Med., St. "Louis. Mo. M3f>F38. \C.

Allen, Dr. William. Canada House, Tra-
falgar Square, London, England. M34-
F34R3Q. OK.

Allen, Prof. William F(itch). A.M., Stan-
ford, 03; Ph.D., Minnesota, 15. Head
Dept. Anatomy. Univ. Oregon Med.
School, Portland, Oreg. (3047 S. East-
Salmon St.) M05F21. N.